Zakef gadol

Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character	֕
Unicode	U + 0595
Zakef gadol (Ashkenazi)	זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל
Zakef gadol (Sephardic)	זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל
Zakef gadol (Italian)	זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל
Sokef gadol (Yemeni)	זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל

Zakef gadol or Sakef gadol ֕ ( Hebrew זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל) is a trope (from Yiddish טראָפּtrop) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim that appear in the Tanach .

Surname

Zakef gadol
זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל ֕ דָּבׇ֕ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq	ֽ ׃		Paseq	׀
Etnachta	֑		Segol	֒
Schalschelet	֓		Zakef katan	֔
Zakef gadol	֕		Tipcha	֖
Rewia	֗		Zinnorite	֘
Pashta	֙		Jetiw	֚
Tewir	֛		Geresch	֜
Geresch muqdam	֝		Gerzhayim	֞
Qarne para	֟		Telisha gedola	֠
Pazer	֡		Atnach hafuch	֢
Munach	֣		Mahpach	֤
Mercha	֥		Mercha kefula	֦
Darga	֧		Qadma	֨
Telisha qetanna	֩		Jerach ben jomo	֪
Ole we-Jored	֫ ֥		Illuj	֬
Dechi	֭		Zarqa	֮
Rewia gadol	֗		Rewia mugrasch	֜ ֗
Rewia qaton	֗		Mahpach legarmeh	֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh	֨ ׀		Kadma we-asla	֨ ֜
Maqqef	-		Meteg	ֽ

The Hebrew word zakef (זָקֵף) means upright translated, gadol (גָּדוֹל) means big. In the Ashkenazi, Sephardic and Italian traditions, the accent sign Zakef becomes gadolזָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל called.

symbol

The symbol consists of two components: two dots on top of each other like a colon on the right side and a vertical line on the left side.

use

Zakef gadol and Zakef katan are separating accents that occur in the domain of an Etnachta. The tropics Zakef gadol or Zakef katan are followed by either another Trope Zakef or the entire Etnachta tropical group, which in turn begins with the Trope Mercha.

The trope Zakef gadol is used in cases where the trope Zakef katan would normally have been expected. Since there is only one word there, the trope Zakef gadol is used instead of the trope Zakef katan. Words bearing the trope Zakef gadol are short and have no preceding conjunction and no connection with maqqef.

Combinations

Zakef gadol on one word

Zakef gadol is placed on the first letter of the stressed syllable. Jacobson illustrates this with the examples Gen 33,9 BHS אָחִ֕י, Gen 27,36 BHS וַיֹּאמַ֕ר, Gen 41,38 BHS אִ֕ישׁ, Gen 36,12 BHS אֵ֕לֶּה, Gen 27,2 BHS וַיֹּ֕אמֶר.

Zakef gadol with mercha and tipcha

Tipcha	Mercha	Zakef Gadol
֖	֥	֕

The Zakef gadol is usually followed by Mercha or Tipcha. Jacobson illustrates this using the example of Gen 40,3 BHS מְקֹ֕ום אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹוסֵ֖ף, Gen 41,10 BHS אֹתִ֕י וְאֵ֖ת, Gen 31,35 BHS וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ וְלֹ֥א מָצָ֖א, Gen 42,12 BHS לֹ֕א כִּֽי־עֶרְוַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ, Num 14.8 BHS הַזֹּ֔את וּנְתָנָ֖הּ .

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of zakef gadol in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh	Zakef gadol
Torah	524
Front prophets	424
Rear prophets	395
Ketuvim	312
total	1655

literature

• William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
• William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
• Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
• Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
• Israel Yeivin: Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah . Ed .: EJ Revell. Scholars Press, Missoula, Montana 1980, ISBN 0-89130-374-X .
• Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
• James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
• Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
• Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).
• Ronald H. Isaacs: A Taste of Torah. An Introduction to Thirteen Challenging Bible Stories . URJ Press, New York City 2006, OCLC 62755617 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Accents, Hebrew - Sakef katon, Sakef gadol. In: Georg Herlitz and Ismar Elbogen : Jüdisches Lexikon: an encyclopaedic handbook of Jewish knowledge in four volumes , Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 185–186 ( online ) and pp. 43–44 ( source ) OCLC 309930484 . Zajin is consequently described there as Sajin .
2. ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . Jewish Publication Society. Philadelphia 2002. ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 , pp. 407, 936
3. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus  ».
4. ↑ Solomon Rosowsky: The cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957 .: "Cantillation proceeds according to the special graphic signs - tropes or accents - attached to every word in the Bible." In connection with a footnote to tropes : "In this work we use the term trope ( Greek tropos - turn) long accepted in Jewish practice. "
5. ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. 2005, p. 148.
6. ^ William Rainey Harper: Elements of Hebrew by an Inductive Method. P. 25.
7. ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. 2005, p. 117.
8. ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, this section follows the chapter Zakef gadol in Jacobson (2005), p. 50 f.
9. ↑ Chapter Zakef gadol in Jacobson (2005), p. 51.
10. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.