Mahpach

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֤
Unicode U + 05A4
Mahpach
מַהְפַּ֤ך
(Shofar) mehuppach
שׁוֹפָר מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ
Shofar hafuch
שׁוֹפָר הָפ֤וּךְ
Mehuppach
מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ

Mahpach ֤ or Mehuppach ( Hebrew מַהְפַּ֤ך, en .: reversal) is a trope ( Greek τρόπος tropos , German: intonation, melody, tone, song) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical accent marks Teamim , which appear in the Torah and other books.

In the Ashkenazi tradition it is called Mahpach. In the Sephardic tradition it is called (shofar) mehuppach (שׁוֹפָר מְהֻפָּ֤ךְ). In the Italian tradition it is also called shofar.

description

Mahpach
מַהְפַּ֤ך ֤ דָּבׇ֤ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ

symbol

Mahpach ֤ uses an acute angle pointing to the left. the same "<" symbol as the Trope Jetiw ֚ . With the Trope Mahpach the symbol "<" appears to the left under the first consonant of the stressed syllable , see "מַהְפַּ֤ך". The trope Jetiw appears at the beginning of the word and on the lower right side of the vowel, see "יְ֚תִיב", but in contrast to the Mahpach, the trope Pashta never follows Jetiw.

The original symbol looked more like a U turned to the side than a V turned to the side. This was meant to symbolize “going forward”. The U was changed to a V because it was easier for letterpress printing. In letterpress , the "<" symbol of Trope Jetiw is printed at an acute angle than the "<" symbol of Trope Mahpach.

grammar

Mahpach is only used in a Zakef katan tropic group. Mahpach is a unifying sign and always comes before Pashta . In contrast to Jetiv, a Mahpach can be preceded by further conjunctions e.g. B. Munach or Qadma. Mahpach can be replaced by Mercha if the stressed syllables are close together.

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of Mahpach in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh Mahpach
Torah 3042
Front prophets 3088
Rear prophets 3449
Ketuvim 2096
total 11675

melody

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mahpakh is placed under the first letter of the stressed syllable. Jacobson (2005) p. 221.
  2. ^ Price, Vol. 1, p. 255. Price uses the term Asla for Qadma.
  3. ^ Jacobson (2005), p. 54.
  4. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.