Zakef katan

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֔
Unicode U + 0594
Zakef katan / katon
זָקֵף קָטָ֔ן

Zakef katan or Zakef katon ֔ ( Hebrew זָקֵף קָטָ֔ן) is a trope in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, accent and cantillation symbols Teamim , which appear in the Tanach .

Surname

Zakef katan
זָקֵף קָטָ֔ן ֔ דָּבׇ֔ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ

The Hebrew word zakef (זָקֵף) means upright translated, katan (קָטָן) means small. In the Ashkenazi tradition, it is called Zakef katan. In the Sephardic and Italian tradition it is called Zakef katon or just Katon. In the Yemeni tradition it is also called Zokef koton. Jacobson uses Zakef katon or just Zakef. In German literature it is spelled differently: Sakef katon, Sakef katan, Zakef katon or Zaqef qaton.

symbol

The symbol consists of two dots on top of each other and looks like a colon. It stands above the stressed syllable. In certain cases there is a Zakef gadol instead of Zakef katon, this also has a vertical line to the left of the colon.

description

Zakef is a strong separator within an Etnachta group and appears as a distant separator in front of a Tipcha. A Zakef can be followed by another Zakef, but the last Zakef is always followed by a Tipcha. If two Zakef segments appear one after the other, the separating character is stronger on the first Zakef.

Combinations

The characters Kadma or Jetiw , Mahpach , Pashta , Munach and Zakef katan can appear in a Zakef Katan tropical group.

Zakef katon in a two word group

Zakef katon Munach
֔ ֣

In a two-word group, the preceding word is emphasized with the conjunctive Munach. Jacobson illustrates this using the example of Lev 1,3 BHS יַקְרִ֣יב אֹתֹ֔ו, Lev 1,4 BHS וְסָמַ֣ךְ יָדֹ֔ו, Lev. 3.1 BHS ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב.

Zakef katon and Munach on one word

Zakef katon and Munach can also appear together on one word. Munach then takes on the role of Meteg to indicate a second stress on long words. Jacobson illustrates this and a. using the examples Ex 25,21 BHS (וְאֶל־הָ֣אָרֹ֔ן), Ex 25,12 BHS (וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ה), Dtn 1,42 BHS (וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ), Num 33,55 BHS (בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם), Ex 8,7 BHS (וּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָ ) and Ex 1.10 BHS (עַל־שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ).

Zakef katon and Metiga

Zakef katon Metiga
֔ ֨

Zakef katon and Metiga can appear together on one word. Metiga appears as the second accent on a closed syllable of the word, while Munach appears as the second accent on an open syllable. Jacobson illustrates this using the example of Dtn 26.4 BHS (וְהִ֨נִּיחֹ֔ו), Num 13.20 BHS (וְהִ֨תְחַזַּקְתֶּ֔ם), Num 35.30 BHS (כָּל־מַ֨כֵּה־נֶ֔פֶשׁ).

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of zakef katan in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh Zakef katon
Torah 6992
Front prophets 6512
Rear prophets 7203
Ketuvim 4843
total 25550

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York 1902, p. 542-548 ( de.scribd.com ).
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston (New York) 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible . Student Edition. The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joshua R. Jacobson, Chanting the Hebrew Bible (Student Edition) . Jewish Publication Society, 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk ).
  2. ↑ Arthur Spanier ( Judaist ): Accents. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica. Volume 2, Academies Apostasy. Verlag Eschkol, Berlin 1928, Sp. 50–59, here Sp. 51: “Sakef Katan”. OCLC 309930484
  3. ↑ Accents, Hebrew. In: Georg Herlitz, Ismar Elbogen (Hrsg.): Jüdisches Lexikon: an encyclopaedic manual of Jewish knowledge in four volumes. Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 185–186. ( sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de ) OCLC 63401232 . Zaijin is played there as Sajin. The lexicon uses a transcription of Zajin , which deviates from the convention in Oriental studies and is based on pronunciation.
  4. ^ Wilhelm Gesenius : Hebrew grammar . P. 63 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  5. ↑ Price, Volume 1, pp. 51 f and 101 f.
  6. ^ Jacobson (2005), p. 50.
  7. ^ A b Two Words in the Zakef Segment in Jacobson (2005), p. 51 f.
  8. ^ Jacobson (2005), p. 52
  9. ^ Jacobson (2005), p. 52 f.
  10. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.