Atnach hafuch

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֢
Unicode 05A2
At after breath
אַתְנָח הָפוּך֢

Atnach Hafuch ( Hebrew אַתְנָח הָפוּך֢)   ֢  also called Galgal, is a trope in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the Biblical sentence, accent and cantillation symbols Teamim , which are used in the three poetic books Job, Book of Proverbs and Book of Psalms and is therefore one of the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet, the accent marks of poetic books.

symbol

Atnach hafuch
אַתְנָח הָפוּ֢ך ֢ דָּבׇ֪ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ

Atnach hafuch has the same symbol as Etnachta , but upside down. It corresponds to the appearance of the sign Jerach ben jomo in the other 21 books, but has a different function.

etymology

The word Atnach means "mountain peak", according to the symbol that shows a peak pointing upwards. In the Ashkenazi tradition it is called "Etnachta". In the Sephardic and Italian tradition, it is "Atnach" ( Hebrew אתְנָ֑ח) called. Hafuch means "turned upside down". So an Atnach turned upside down. Hafuch is also used in the Italian tradition as a variant for mahpach , where it is called shofar hafuch . In the Yemeni tradition it is also called Shofor Hofuch . There is also the name Galgal גַּלְגַּל = wheel, because it is reminiscent of half a wheel.

grammar

Atnach hafuch is a conjunctive accent for Ole we-Jored and Pazer. With Ole we-Jored it is written if the stress is on the second or a later syllable, otherwise it is Mahpach. In front of Pazer, only Atnach can be used, otherwise no other conjunctive sign, but additional connectors can precede it. In a few cases it is used as a second stress mark on a word instead of a meteg .

Occurrence

Atnach hafuch is one of the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet טַעֲמֵי סִפְרֵי אֱמֶ"ת. "Emet" is an acronym consisting of the Hebrew first letters of the books of Jobאִיוֹב= Aleph , proverbsמִשְלֵי(Mischle) = meme and psalmsתְהִלִּים(Tehilim) = Taw , there are also vowels to be able to pronounce the term. The table shows the occurrence of Atnach hafuch in the three poetic books.

Part of the Tanakh At after breath At after breath

instead of Meteg

Psalms 195 13
Job 15th 2
claims 9 3
total 219 18th

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org )
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible . The Five Books of Moses. The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jacobson (2005), p. 42.
  2. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 398, p. 926: "a disjunctive accent".
  3. ↑ לימוד טעמי המקרא נוסח ספרדי ירושלמי Sephardic tradition on YouTube.com
  4. ↑ Wickes and Price call the sign Galgal.
  5. ↑ Price, Vol. V, p. 1271 f.
  6. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Volume V, p. 1095. Price names the sign Galgal.