Geresch muqdam

Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character	֝
Unicode	059D
Geresch muqdam	גֵּרֵשׁ מֻקְדָּם֝
Ṭères	טֶרֶס

Geresch muqdam , also Geresch mukdam , ( Hebrew גֵּרֵשׁ מֻקְדָּם֝) ֝ is a trope (from Yiddish טראָפּtrop) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim that appear in the Tanach .

variants

Geresch
Biblical stress marks0

Sof pasuq	ֽ ׃	Paseq	׀

Etnachta	֑	Segol	֒

Schalschelet	֓	Zakef katan	֔

Zakef gadol	֕	Tipcha	֖

Rewia	֗	Zinnorite	֘

Pashta	֙	Jetiw	֚

Tewir	֛	Geresch	֜

Geresch muqdam	֝	Gerzhayim	֞

Qarne para	֟	Telisha gedola	֠

Pazer	֡	Atnach hafuch	֢

Munach	֣	Mahpach	֤

Mercha	֥	Mercha kefula	֦

Darga	֧	Qadma	֨

Telisha qetanna	֩	Jerach ben jomo	֪

Ole we-Jored	֫ ֥	Illuj	֬

Dechi	֭	Zarqa	֮

Rewia gadol	֗	Rewia mugrasch	֜ ֗

Rewia qaton	֗	Mahpach legarmeh	֤ ׀

Azla legarmeh	֨ ׀	Kadma we-asla	֨ ֜

Maqqef	-	Meteg	ֽ

Geresch muqdam is also called Ṭères (טֶרֶס) called.

symbol

Gerzhayim	Geresch	Geresch muqdam
֞	֜	֝

The symbol is the same as the symbol of Geresch. In contrast to Geresch, the symbol does not appear directly above the emphasized letter, but just before the letter.

etymology

The word Geresch means "break", muqdam means: "premature, premature". It means here that the symbol appears prematurely (i.e. before the stressed letter) and not, as usual, in the middle of the stressed letter.

literature

William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).

Individual evidence

^ JR Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. 2002, p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus ».
↑ Solomon Rosowsky: The cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957 .: "Cantillation proceeds according to the special graphic signs - tropes or accents - attached to every word in the Bible." In connection with a footnote to tropes : "In this work we use the term trope ( Greek tropos - turn) long accepted in Jewish practice. "
^ JR Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. 2002, p. 398, p. 926: “Geresh Muqdam is a cantillation mark. It is printed above the accented letter, but slightly before (i.e. more to the right of) the position of the normal Geresh. As a cantillation mark it is also called Ṭères (טֶרֶס). ».

[1] JR Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. 2002, p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus ».

[2] Solomon Rosowsky: The cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957 .: "Cantillation proceeds according to the special graphic signs - tropes or accents - attached to every word in the Bible." In connection with a footnote to tropes : "In this work we use the term trope ( Greek tropos - turn) long accepted in Jewish practice. "

[3] JR Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. 2002, p. 398, p. 926: “Geresh Muqdam is a cantillation mark. It is printed above the accented letter, but slightly before (i.e. more to the right of) the position of the normal Geresh. As a cantillation mark it is also called Ṭères (טֶרֶס). ».