Qarne para
Qarne para , also Karne para , Karne parah or Qarnei farah ( Hebrew קַרְנֵי פָרָ֟ה) written or Pazer gadol פָּזֵר גָּד֡וֹלor Pazer magnum ֟ is a trope in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim , which appear in the Tanach . The name Qarne para means cow horns according to the shape of the sign.
symbol
| qarne para | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Biblical stress marks | |||||||
| Sof pasuq | ֽ ׃ | Paseq | ׀ | ||||
| Etnachta | ֑ | Segol | ֒ | ||||
| Schalschelet | ֓ | Zakef katan | ֔ | ||||
| Zakef gadol | ֕ | Tipcha | ֖ | ||||
| Rewia | ֗ | Zinnorite | ֘ | ||||
| Pashta | ֙ | Jetiw | ֚ | ||||
| Tewir | ֛ | Geresch | ֜ | ||||
| Geresch muqdam | ֝ | Gerzhayim | ֞ | ||||
| Qarne para | ֟ | Telisha gedola | ֠ | ||||
| Pazer | ֡ | Atnach hafuch | ֢ | ||||
| Munach | ֣ | Mahpach | ֤ | ||||
| Mercha | ֥ | Mercha kefula | ֦ | ||||
| Darga | ֧ | Qadma | ֨ | ||||
| Telisha qetanna | ֩ | Jerach ben jomo | ֪ | ||||
| Ole we-Jored | ֫ ֥ | Illuj | ֬ | ||||
| Dechi | ֭ | Zarqa | ֮ | ||||
| Rewia gadol | ֗ | Rewia mugrasch | ֜ ֗ | ||||
| Rewia qaton | ֗ | Mahpach legarmeh | ֤ ׀ | ||||
| Azla legarmeh | ֨ ׀ | Kadma we-asla | ֨ ֜ | ||||
| Maqqef | - | Meteg | ֽ | ||||
The symbol of the Qarne para arises from a combination of the symbols of Telischa gedola ֠ and Telisha qetanna ֩ . The melody of the trope is also composed of the melodies for Telischa gedola and Telischa qetanna.
grammar
The character is a weak separator and replaces a regular pazer. It appears in very few places overall and when it is used, particular attention is paid to the word in question. A Qarne para is always preceded by the specific conjunctive trope Jerach ben Jomo, also called Galgal, which only occurs together with Qarne para. The Jerach ben jomo is always preceded by Munach one or more times, in some cases up to five times.
Occurrence
The rare tropical tone occurs only once in the Torah in Numbers 35,5 in the part of the Massei on the word B'amahבָּאַמָּה (Eng .: Elle), immediately before the word Alpayim אַלְפַּיִם(German: two thousand) before. Jerach ben jomo appears on Alpayim ֪.
| Numbers 35.5 BHS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire verse |
וּמַדֹּתֶ֞ם מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֗יר אֶת־פְּאַת־קֵ֣דְמָה אַלְפַּ֪יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֟ה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־נֶגֶב֩ אַלְפַּ֨יִם בָּאַמָּ֜ה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־יָ֣ם׀ אַלְפַּ֣יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֗ה וְאֵ֨ת פְּאַ֥ת צָפֹ֛ון אַלְפַּ֥יִם בָּאַמָּ֖ה וְהָעִ֣יר בַּתָּ֑וֶךְ זֶ֚ה יִהְיֶ֣ה לְשֵׁ֖י ֶעָרר |
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So now you are to measure outside the city two thousand cubits on the east side and two thousand cubits on the south side and two thousand cubits on the west side and two thousand cubits on the north side, so that the city is in the middle. That should belong to them as pasture near the cities. Num 35,5 LUT |
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| אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה | וְאֵ֨ת פְּאַ֥ת צָפֹ֛ון אַלְפַּ֥יִם בָּאַמָּ֖ה | וְאֶת־פְּאַת־ יָ֣ם׀ אַלְפַּ֣יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֗ה | וְאֶת־פְּאַת־נֶגֶב֩ אַלְפַּ֨יִם בָּאַמָּ֜ה | אֶת־פְּאַת־קֵ֣דְמָה אַלְפַּ֪יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֟ה |
|
Alpajim B'amah German: two thousand cubits |
Mercha and Tipcha | Munach legarmeh and Munach and Rewi'i | Kadma we-asla | Karne parah and Jerach ben jomo |
| Tropics | ֖ and ֥ | ֣ ֣ and ֗ | ' and֨' | ֪ and ֟ |
The accentuation marks Karne parah and Jerach ben jomo are intended to clarify the feeling of each performance of the mitzvot . They are meant to be encouragement to repeat the mitzvot with great enthusiasm and spiritual inspiration each time it is repeated.
Qarne para also emphasizes the word Haman in the Book of Esther , which is read twice a year in Orthodox Judaism .
The table shows the rare occurrence of Qarne para in the 21 books.
| Part of the Tanakh | Qarne para |
|---|---|
| Torah | 1 |
| Front prophets | 3 |
| Rear prophets | 3 |
| Ketuvim | 9 |
| total | 16 |
literature
- William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job . 1881
- William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament . 1887
- Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction . 1900
- Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . Volume III. KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
- Joseph Telushkin: Jewish literacy: the most important things to know about the Jewish religion, its people, and its history . W. Morrow, New York City 1991, OCLC 22703384 .
- James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . (Vol. I) Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch. Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston (New York) 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff: Art of Torah Cantillation: A Step-by-step Guide to Chanting Torah . Uahc, New York 2000, OCLC 609566565 .
- Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible . The art of cantillation. 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
- Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible . Student Edition. The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 978-0-8276-0816-0 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Gesenius : Hebrew grammar . 28th edition. P. 63. archive.org
- ↑ a b c Jacobson (2005), p. 76.
- ↑ Price, vol. 1, p. 239 f. and 270 f.
- ↑ mattrutta.blogspot.com
- ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance… Volume 1, p. 5. Price uses the term Great Pazer, thus Pazer gadol