Darga (trope)
| Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew | |
|---|---|
| character | ֧
|
| Unicode | U + 05A7 |
| Darga |
דַּרְגָּ֧א
|
| Dirjo | דִּרְגָּ֧א
|
Darga ֧ Hebrew דַּרְגָּאis a trope (from Yiddish טראָפּtrop) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim that appear in the Tanach . In the Ashkenazi, Sephardic, and Italian traditions, the accent sign is called darga. In the Yemeni tradition it is called dirjo.
description
| Darga | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||
| Biblical stress marks | |||||||
| Sof pasuq | ֽ ׃ | Paseq | ׀ | ||||
| Etnachta | ֑ | Segol | ֒ | ||||
| Schalschelet | ֓ | Zakef katan | ֔ | ||||
| Zakef gadol | ֕ | Tipcha | ֖ | ||||
| Rewia | ֗ | Zinnorite | ֘ | ||||
| Pashta | ֙ | Jetiw | ֚ | ||||
| Tewir | ֛ | Geresch | ֜ | ||||
| Geresch muqdam | ֝ | Gerzhayim | ֞ | ||||
| Qarne para | ֟ | Telisha gedola | ֠ | ||||
| Pazer | ֡ | Atnach hafuch | ֢ | ||||
| Munach | ֣ | Mahpach | ֤ | ||||
| Mercha | ֥ | Mercha kefula | ֦ | ||||
| Darga | ֧ | Qadma | ֨ | ||||
| Telisha qetanna | ֩ | Jerach ben jomo | ֪ | ||||
| Ole we-Jored | ֫ ֥ | Illuj | ֬ | ||||
| Dechi | ֭ | Zarqa | ֮ | ||||
| Rewia gadol | ֗ | Rewia mugrasch | ֜ ֗ | ||||
| Rewia qaton | ֗ | Mahpach legarmeh | ֤ ׀ | ||||
| Azla legarmeh | ֨ ׀ | Kadma we-asla | ֨ ֜ | ||||
| Maqqef | - | Meteg | ֽ | ||||
symbol
The symbol for Darga similar to the mirrored letters Z . It appears under the first letter of the stressed syllable.
grammar
Darga is a conjunctive stress sign that appears frequently before Tewir. It also occurs as a second connector before Rewia or Tipcha, with an additional connector in between.
Darga and Tewir
| Tewir | Darga |
|---|---|
| ֛ | ֧ |
The Trope Darga is often used within the Tewir group. Mostly the Trope Darga stands in front of Tewir. Darga before Tewir is replaced by Munach when the emphasis is on two words that are closely related. The Hebrew word דַּרְגָּ֧א translated into German means step. Together with the Hebrew word Tewir, which means broken, the combination of Darga with Tewir gives the result broken step.
Darga and Mercha kefula
| Mercha kefula | Darga |
|---|---|
| ֦ | ֧ |
In rare cases, the Trope Darga can precede the Trope Mercha kefula ֦.
Darga, Munach Legarmeh, Rewia
| Rewia | Munach Legarmeh | Darga |
|---|---|---|
| ֗ | ׀ ֣ | ֧ |
Trope Darga is followed by the tropics Munach Legarmeh | ֣ in connection with Trope Rewia ֗.
Occurrence
The table shows the occurrence of darga in the 21 books.
| Part of the Tanakh | Darga |
|---|---|
| Torah | 1091 |
| Front prophets | 839 |
| Rear prophets | 710 |
| Ketuvim | 637 |
| total | 3277 |
literature
- William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
- William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
- Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
- Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
- Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
- James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
- Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
- Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).
Individual evidence
- ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . Jewish Publication Society. Philadelphia 2002. ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 , pp. 407, 936
- ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus ».
- ↑ Solomon Rosowsky: The cantillation of the Bible . The Five Books of Moses. The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957 .: "Cantillation proceeds according to the special graphic signs - tropes or accents - attached to every word in the Bible."
- ↑ נוסח תימן Yemenit . Tradition on YouTube.com
- ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible , p. 45
- ↑ Price Vol. 1, pp. 260-261.
- ^ Joshua R. Jacobson (2005): Chanting the Hebrew Bible , pp. 45, p. 168
- ^ "Darga can also rarely be followed by a Mercha Kefula, an altogether rare trope" Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible , p. 111.
- ^ "Darga can also be followed by a Munach Rivia." Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible , pp. 102-03
- ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.