Jerach ben jomo

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֪
Unicode U + 05AA
Jerach ben jomo
Galgal (Ashkenazi)
בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ יֵרֶח
גַּלְגַּל
Jerach ben jomo (Italian)
יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ
Joreijah ban Jomo (Yemeni)
ירח בן-יומ֪ו

Jerach ben jomo ֪ ( Hebrew יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ 'New moon' ) is a trope in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, accentuation and cantillation symbols Teamim , which appear in the Tanach .

In the Ashkenazi tradition, the accent mark is used both "Jerach ben jomo" and "Galgal" (גַּלְגַּל 'Wheel' ). In the Sephardic and Italian tradition it is also called "Jeraḥ ben jomo". In the Yemeni tradition it is also called "Joreijah ban Jomo".

symbol

Jerach ben jomo
יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמ֪וֹ ֪ דָּבָ֪ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ

The symbol is similar to the upside down symbol of Etnachta , ֑ .

grammar

From a grammatical point of view, Jerach ben jomo, according to Jacobson, is a disjunction that always precedes the Qarne para ֟ . Before Jerach ben jomo comes the conjunction Munach one or more times . However, Price lists the trope as a conjunctive trope.

commitment

Four forms of stress

Jerach ben jomo appears in the Torah only in Num 35,5  BHS in the part of the Massei on the word pairאַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה 'Two thousand cubits' . This pair of words is repeated a total of four times and displayed with different stress combinations. These forms of stress should be exemplary of how the mitzvot is experienced in the course of life and the motivation with which it is implemented - from initial enthusiasm and enthusiasm to the final monotony and experienced boredom . It is intended to clarify how one can experience a mitzvah from the first to the last time it is performed. Overall, this verse shows that, despite the monotony and boredom, the mitzvot should be implemented.

Numbers 35.5  BHS
Entire verse

וּמַדֹּתֶ֞ם מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֗יר אֶת־פְּאַת־קֵ֣דְמָה אַלְפַּ֪יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֟ה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־נֶגֶב֩ אַלְפַּ֨יִם בָּאַמָּ֜ה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־יָ֣ם׀ אַלְפַּ֣יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֗ה וְאֵ֨ת פְּאַ֥ת צָפֹ֛ון אַלְפַּ֥יִם בָּאַמָּ֖ה וְהָעִ֣יר בַּתָּ֑וֶךְ זֶ֚ה וְהָעִ֣יר ו זֶ֚ה יהְיֶ֣ה להֶ֔ם ר
you should now eat from the city on the ָָהֶ֔ם side East two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits, that the city was in the middle. That should belong to them as pasture near the cities. Numbers 35,5  LUT

אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה
two thousand cubits 		וְאֵ֨ת פְּאַ֥ת צָפֹ֛ון אַלְפַּ֥יִם בָּאַמָּ֖ה
Mercha and Tipcha 		וְאֶת־פְּאַת־ יָ֣ם׀ אַלְפַּ֣יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֗ה
Munach legarmeh and Munach and Rewia 		וְאֶת־פְּאַת־נֶגֶב֩ אַלְפַּ֨יִם בָּאַמָּ֜ה
Kadma we-asla 		אֶת־פְּאַת־קֵ֣דְמָה אַלְפַּ֪יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֟ה
Qarne para and Jerach ben jomo

Qarne para and Jerach ben jomo

The accentuation marks Qarne para and Jerach ben jomo are intended to illustrate the feeling when the mitzvot is performed with great enthusiasm for the first 2000 times.

Kadma we-asla

The accentuation marks Kadma and Asla are sung in high notes, indicating that the exhilaration is still going on - even the next 2000 times the mitzvot is performed.

Munach legarmeh, Munach and Rewia

Now that the mitzvot has been performed a total of 4000 times, the enthusiasm is slowly disappearing, for which the emphasis symbols Munach legarmeh, Munach and Rewia symbolize. These are sung in low notes and thus indicate that the enthusiasm is going down ("showing that enthusiasm is going down").

Mercha and Tipcha

Now that the mitzvot has been performed a total of 6000 times, the feeling of boredom and monotony occurs up to 8000 times. This is represented by the accents Mercha and Tipcha used here, which are performed almost without a melody. ("Are recited in a lazy mode as if they are basically being recited without a melody")

In the book of Esther

In the book of Esther , which is read twice a year in Orthodox Judaism , the trope appears in 7.9 before the word Haman .

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of Jerach ben jomo in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh Jerach ben jomo
Torah 1
Front prophets 3
Rear prophets 3
Ketuvim 9
total 16

melody

\ relative c '' {g8 \ (a32 gfg b8 d, g16 [a] \ times 2/3 {bag} a4 g2 \)}

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
  • Marshall Portnoy, Josee Wolff: The art of Torah Cantillation . tape 1 : A Step-by-step Guide to Chanting Torah . Uahc, New York 2000, OCLC 609566565 .
  • Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff: The art of cantillation . tape 2 : A step-by-step guide to chanting Haftarah and m'gillot . UAHC Department of Synagogue Music, New York 2001, OCLC 78841385 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).
  • Ronald H. Isaacs: A taste of Torah. An introduction to thirteen challenging Bible stories . URJ Press, New York, NY 2006, ISBN 0-8074-0813-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Jacobson (2005), p. 76.
  2. ↑ נוסח תימן Yemenit . Tradition on YouTube.com
  3. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. Volume 1, p. 4. Price is called the trope Galgal
  4. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. Volume 1, p. 5. Price is called the trope Galgal
  5. ^ Cohen, p. 548 .