Zarqa (Trope)

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֮
Unicode U + 05AE
Zarka
זַרְקָא֮
Sirko
זִרְקָא֮
Zinnor
צִנּוֹר֮

Zarqa , Zarka or Sarka ֮ Hebrew זַרְקָא֮is a trope (from Yiddish טראָפּtrop) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim that appear in the Tanach .

In the Ashkenazi , Sephardic and Italian traditions the accent sign is called Zarqa. In the Yemeni tradition it is called Zinnor (צִנּוֹר֮).

description

Zarqa
זַרְקָא֮ ֮ דָּבָ֬ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ


symbol

The symbol of Zarqa or Zinnor resembles a lying, mirror-inverted S, in some fonts or printed matter it also looks like the handle of an umbrella or half a horseshoe. It is a post position and therefore the symbol always appears to the left after the last consonant as in זַרְקָא֮. The trope zinnorite uses the same symbol, but only appears in the poetic books. The symbol Zinorit stands directly above the stressed consonant as in צִנּוֹרִת֘ and always in combination with Mercha or Mahpach. If the stress of the word is not on the last syllable, a second zarqa may appear above the first consonant of the stressed syllable.

grammar

The Trope Zarqa is a subordinate separator and divides a Segol segment. When there are two words in a Zarqa segment, the preceding word is usually stressed with a Munach or Mercha.

Possible combinations

Zarqa Munach
or Mercha 		Kadma Telisha qetanna Munach
֮ ֣
֥ 		֨ ֩ ֣

If the previous word refers in meaning to the word with sarka, then it is marked with a connector, either Munach or Mercha . If another subjunctive accent appears before Munach or Mercha, it is kadma . Telischa qetanna and Munach are possible as further preceding conjunctive accents .

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of Zarqa in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh Zarqa
Torah 371
Front prophets 245
Rear prophets 186
Ketuvim 182
total 984

In the poetic books

Zarqa or Zinnor also appears as a disjunctive accent in the three poetic books. It is a third level sub-separator used in Ole-we-Jored segments. A Zarqa segment can be further subdivided by an Azla legarmeh and in rare cases a pazer can appear in front of it as a further separator.

Sinnor often stands alone or otherwise has only a single conjunctive sign, either Munach or Mercha. In a few exceptional cases there is a second conjunction, but this is then a substitute for a maqqef that has been omitted.

Occurrence

Sarka or Zinnor is one of the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet טַעֲמֵי סִפְרֵי אֱמֶ"ת. "Emet" is an acronym consisting of the Hebrew first letters of the books of Jobאִיוֹב= Aleph , proverbsמִשְלֵי(Mischle) = meme and psalmsתְהִלִּים(Tehilim) = Taw , there are also vowels to be able to pronounce the term. The table shows the occurrence of sarka in the three poetic books.

Part of the Tanakh Sarka
Psalms 219
Job 18th
claims 14th
total 251

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org )
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The characters for Zarqa and Zinnorite are incorrectly named in Unicode. For the representation of Zarqa or Zinnor use Unicode "HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR" (U + 05AE), and for Zinnorite use "HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA" (U + 0598). See Unicode Technical Note # 27: "Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names" , and especially Appendix A therein .
  2. ↑ from the table : Cantillation
  3. ^ Jacobson (2002), pp. 190f.
  4. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus  ».
  5. ↑ נוסח תימן Yemenit . Tradition on YouTube.com
  6. ↑ a b c Jacobson (2005), pp. 61-63.
  7. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.
  8. ↑ a b Price, Vol. VS 1219-1220.
  9. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Volume V, p. 1095. Price uses the term Sinnor for the trope.