Tipcha

Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character	֖
Unicode	U + 0596
Tipcha (Ashkenazi)	טִפְחָ֖א
Tarcha (Sephardic and Italian)	טַרְחָ֖א

Tipcha or Tifcha ֖ ( Hebrew טִפְחָ֖א, diagonal) is a trope ( Greek τρόπος tropos , dt .: intonation, melody, tone, song) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, accent and cantillation symbols Teamim , which appear in the Tanach and other books. In the Ashkenazi tradition it is called tipcha . In the Sephardic and Italian tradition, it is called tarcha ( Aramaic : טַרְחָ֖א).

description

Tipcha

טִפְחָ֖א

֭

דָּבׇ֖ר

Biblical stress marks

ֽ ׃

׀

֑

֒

֓

֔

֕

֖

֗

֘

֙

֚

֛

֜

֝

֞

֟

֠

֡

֢

֣

֤

֥

֦

֧

֨

֩

֪

֫ ֥

֬

֭

֮

֗

֜ ֗

֗

֤ ׀

֨ ׀

֨ ֜

-

ֽ

grammar

On the first level, Sof pasuq / Silluq and Etnachta are used as separators. Tipcha is a second level separator with a slightly weaker disjunctive function than the other second level separators. It can appear in the Sof pasuq as well as in the Atnach group and is always in front of a Sof pasuk or an Atnach without any further separators of the second level in between. Tipcha is under the first letter of the stressed syllable.

If there are two words in a Tipcha segment and the previous word refers to the word with the Tipcha, then this word is emphasized with the Mercha connector. The melody on Mercha-Tipcha is slightly different, depending on whether it is before Atnach or Sof pasuq.

1 Kings 3:24

Jacobson illustrates this with the example of 1 Kings 3:24 BHS :

1 Kings 3:24
Entire verse	וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ קְח֣וּ לִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיָּבִ֥אוּ הַחֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ 24 And the king said, Bring me a sword. And when the sword was brought before the king, [25 the king said, Divide the living child in two parts and give half to one and half to one.] 1 Kings 3:24 + 25 KJV
1st level	וַיָּבִ֥אוּ הַחֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ Sof-Pasuq Group		וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ קְח֣וּ לִי־חָ֑רֶב Etnachta group
2nd level	לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃	וַיָּבִ֥אוּ הַחֶ֖רֶב Mercha and Tipcha	קְח֣וּ לִי־חָ֑רֶב	וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ Mercha and Tipcha

Exodus 2.1

If the entire Sof-Pasuq group consists of only two words, as in Ex 2.1 BHS , for example , then a tipcha is used instead of a mercha. Here, however, this does not develop the disjunctive role.

Exodus 2.1
Entire verse	וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִ֖ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית לֵוִ֑י וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי׃ And a man from the Levi house went and took a girl from the Levi house to wife. Ex 2.1 LUT
1st level	וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי׃ Sof-Pasuq group		וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִ֖ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית לֵוִ֑י Etnachta group
2nd level	אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי׃ Sof-Pasuq	וַיִּקַּ֖ח just Tipcha	מִבֵּ֣ית לֵוִ֑י Etn. and Munach	וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִ֖ישׁ Mercha and Tipcha

Exodus 35.8

If the entire Etnachta group only consists of two words, Tipcha can also take on the role of Munach , as for example in Ex 35.8 BHS .

Exodus 35.8
Entire verse	וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּאֹ֑ור וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ Oil for lamps and spices for anointing oil and fragrant incense, Ex 35.8 LUT
1st level	וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ Sof-Pasuq group	וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה Zakef Katon group	וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּאֹ֑ור Etnachta group
2nd level			לַמָּאֹ֑ור	וְשֶׁ֖מֶן Tipcha instead of Munach

Deuteronomy 32.1

In Deuteronomy 32.1 BHS the verse on the first level is divided into an Etnachta segment and a Sof-Pasuq segment. The second level is divided into mercha and tipcha.

Deuteronomy 32.1
Entire verse	הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה וְתִשְׁמַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ אִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ Notice, heavens, I want to speak, and the earth hear my mouth speak. Deuteronomy 32.1 LUT
1st level	וְתִשְׁמַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ אִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ Sof pasuq		הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה Etnachta
2nd level	אִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃	וְתִשְׁמַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ Mercha and Tipcha	וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה	הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם Mercha and Tipcha

Occurrence

Tipcha occurs twice in most sentences and is therefore very common. It appears 11,285 times in the Torah, more than any other trope. The table shows the occurrence of Tipcha in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh	Tipcha
Torah	11285
Front prophets	8442
Rear prophets	9756
Ketuvim	6497
total	35980

melody

$\ relative c '' {\ override Staff.TimeSignature # 'stencil = ## f \ key g \ major g8 \ phrasingSlurDown a [\ (g fis e] \ voiceOne b'4 \ fermata \)} \ addlyrics {Tif - cha - - - -}$

$\ relative c '' {\ override Staff.TimeSignature # 'stencil = ## f \ key g \ major g8 g [(e])} \ addlyrics {Tif_- cha _}$

$\ relative c '' {\ override Staff.TimeSignature # 'stencil = ## f \ key g \ major \ slurDown a8 g [(b16] e, 8)} \ addlyrics {Tif_- cha __}$

Tipcha has a different melody, depending on whether it is in front of Etnachta or Sof pasuq.

Johannes Reuchlin : Tipcha
Jewish Encyclopedia : Tipcha in the Sof-Pasuq group
Jewish Encyclopedia: Tipcha in the Etnachta group
Jewish Encyclopedia: Tipcha in the Etnachta group

literature

William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).

Web links

Tipcha on YouTube.com by Hazzan Michael Krausman www.cyBarMitzvah.com
Tipcha on YouTube.com by Hazzan Arianne Brown

Individual evidence

^ Jacobson (2005), p. 43.
^ Jacobson (2002), p. 50.
↑ Unless otherwise stated, this section follows the chapter Two Words in a Tippeha Segment in Jacobson (2005), p. 43.
↑ Jacobson (2000), pp. 67-68.
↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.
^ Cohen, p. 546 [Melody for Tipcha before Sof pasuq].
↑ Cohen, p. 545 [Melody for Tipcha in the Sof-Pasuq group]
↑ Cohen, p. 542 [Melody for Tipcha in an Etnachta group]

[1] Jacobson (2005), p. 43.

[2] Jacobson (2002), p. 50.

[3] Unless otherwise stated, this section follows the chapter Two Words in a Tippeha Segment in Jacobson (2005), p. 43.

[4] Jacobson (2000), pp. 67-68.

[Price5-5] James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.

[6] Cohen, p. 546 [Melody for Tipcha before Sof pasuq].

[7] Cohen, p. 545 [Melody for Tipcha in the Sof-Pasuq group]

[8] Cohen, p. 542 [Melody for Tipcha in an Etnachta group]