Redningsselskapet
| Redningsselskapet (RS) |
|
|---|---|
|
|
| legal form | Charity |
| founding | July 9, 1891 in Kristiania |
| founder | Oscar Tybring |
| Seat | Drammenveien 288, 0283 Oslo Norway ( ⊙ ) |
| precursor | Norsk Selskab til Skibbrudnes Redning (NSSR) |
| motto | Nobody should drown ( Norwegian Ingen Skal drukne ) |
| purpose | Sea rescue |
| Action space | Norwegian Atlantic coast and lakes Femunden and Mjøsa |
| Chair | Nicolai Jarlsby (President) |
| Managing directors | Rikke Lind (General Secretary) |
| sales | approx. NOK 682 million (€ 59.5 million) |
| Employees | approx. 202 crew, 70 administration |
| Volunteers | approx. 1,300 |
| Members | approx. 94,000 |
| Website | redningsselskapet.no |
| Source: 2018 annual report | |
The Redningsselskapet (generally abbreviated as RS ) is the sea rescue organization of Norway and responsible for the search and rescue service (SAR) in emergencies along the Norwegian Atlantic coast and on the lakes Femunden and Mjøsa . It is used in 80% of all sea emergencies in Norway. Similar to the German DGzRS , the society is a voluntary humanitarian association that belongs to its members. As a charity , it receives state support, which accounts for around 15% of its income, for historically assumed state tasks. Since it was founded, it has so far (as of 2018) saved over 6,400 people from 'wet' death.
Tasks and organization
The RS is based in Lysaker near Oslo and has five regional offices in Tromsø , Ålesund , Bergen , Horten and Lysaker. They are responsible for organizing sea rescue in their region and initiate events and fundraising. The aim of the RS is to save lives nationwide, to preserve assets, to improve the environmental conditions of Norwegian waters in order to ensure the safety of seafaring. The general secretary Rikke Lind is responsible for the management . The patron of the society is the Norwegian King Harald V.
On the 2,650-kilometer coastline (excluding fjords and bays), the RS has 51 lifeboats available for SAR services at 50 stations, which are operated by the JRCC Stavanger for southern Norway (south of 65 ° N) and the JRCC Bodø for northern Norway. Norway to be coordinated. 26 boats are driven by a professional crew and are immediately available for use around the clock ( 24/7 ). The other 25 boats are operated by the "Freiwillige Seerettungs-Corps" ( Frivillige sjøredningskorps ) and manned by 1,300 volunteers who are ready for action within 30 minutes. These units were used for 8,371 missions in 2018, with 27 people rescued. Most of the missions were aimed at supporting over 22,000 members annually. Membership in the RS is tied to a boat and each member receives three hours of free support.
In addition to the lifeboats, the RS operates four ambulance ships on behalf of the hospitals in Nordland . The 20 meter long ships are registered in Sandnessjøen and are moored in the harbors of the islands of Vega , Dønna and Rødøya . They reach a speed of 40 knots and can transport and supply 12 people, two of them lying down. The fourth boat, 15 meters long, operates from Ørnes and reaches 29 knots.
Located by the Oslofjord in Horten has RS settled a subsidiary that is to become the leading educational center in Europe for safety and rescue at sea. The RS Sjøredningsskolen AS is an academy for the training of their permanent crews and volunteers. The safety training is also offered to the offshore and other industries. In addition, the Academy is responsible for innovation and research in the field of prevention of drowning .
For children and young people between 14 and 25 years of age, the RS Ung has been a youth organization of the RS since 2009 . Events along the entire coast (summer schools, youth camps and sailing courses) teach them about the dangers in and on the water and teach them how to safely handle ice, fire and first aid.
The RS also has an official mascot : the little lifeboat «Elias» . As the friendly title character of Norwegian children's books, animated films and TV series, it teaches children how to safely handle boats and sea rescue.
financing
The RS is a non-profit aid organization and finances its core mission - searching for and rescuing people and helping their boats - through the contributions of its members, voluntary donations, donations and operating income. In addition, there are grants from the state lottery (Norsk Tipping AS) and public subsidies. In total, the RS earned NOK 682 million in 2018. 14% of this came from members and 18% (NOK 121 million) from the public purse. The state lottery returned 23% and donations made up 13%. The rest came from the company's other activities.
Of this income, approx. 60% (404 million NOK) went to the operation of the lifeboats and 8% went to information and prevention measures. The administration needs about 4% of the funds and the rest is the effort to raise funds. The operation of the ambulance ships cost NOK 33 million, which is covered by corresponding income from hospital care.
RS administers a sea rescue fund ( Sjøredningsfondet ) to renew the fleet and retrofit the existing boats . At the end of 2018, the balance sheet showed funds of NOK 716 million.
history
Following the example of the already existing rescue stations in Europe, Norway had also built stations in the south of the country from 1851. The stations were manned by volunteers and their number grew to five by 1890. For further stations, however, the conditions on the Norwegian coast with its many archipelagos and large, long fjords were found to be too difficult to set up a comprehensive rescue system.
In 1861 the social scientist Eilert Sundt published an evaluation according to which around 750 fishermen per year were killed in Norway between 1846 and 1860. He suggested that instead of the state stations, a private company should set up sea rescue on the coast. But his recommendations were not heard.
The experience of the marine doctor Dr. Oscar Tybring (1846–95), who in 1882 witnessed a dramatic shipwreck in which many sailors drowned. He became the protagonist for an organized sea rescue along the entire coast of Norway, as the existing sea rescue organizations of most European coastal states already had. But he met with great resistance and a negatively minded population. The length of the coastline alone, which including all fjords and islands would extend twice around the world, made this unimaginable. In addition, the costs were considered too high if one wanted to set up rescue stations between the North Sea and the Barents Sea .
He found support in the merchants ( Kjøbmannsforening ) of Christiania (today the capital Oslo ) and especially in the fishing industry. They wanted to promote the establishment of a sea rescue company in Norway and set up a working committee to which their chairman Heinrich Scheller, Oscar Tybring and the well-known boat builder Colin Archer belonged. Tybring gave lectures to increase interest and Scheller publicly asked for financial support. With the collected initial capital of 144,000 gold crowns, the " Norwegian Society against Shipwreck " ( Norwegian Norsk Selskab til Skibbrudnes Redning NSSR ) was founded on July 9, 1891 .
For fisheries far off the coast, it was important to have company boats on their long fishing trips, who could be on the spot in an emergency because the journeys from land stations would be too far and therefore too tedious. For such patrol boats , the NSSR saw sailing boats as quite suitable, since they were cheaper than steam boats . This system was the Norwegian adaptation of the European rescue idea.
The rescue service started with the first rescue boats RS 1 to RS 4 in 1893. The acceptance in the coastal population grew by the transport of doctors, priests and midwives to remote places of the coast. The NSSR first became known to the general public on May 20, 1894 , when the crew of the RS 1 "Colin Archer" was able to save a total of 36 shipwrecked people in a huge storm in a spectacular rescue voyage in Finnmark off Hamningberg . The society gained further approval and support in April 1938 through the direct radio transmission of a rescue operation off the coast at Møre og Romsdal , which could be followed throughout the country. In the dramatic and long-lasting rescue of six of the twelve men of the crew, two rescuers were also killed.
By the turn of the century, the balance sheet showed that almost 900 people could be rescued and 250 ships safely salvaged. On the 100th anniversary of the Society in 1991, the status of rescue activities was: 5,301 people and 1,780 ships were saved.
In 1932 the state rescue stations were handed over to the NSSR . To offset the costs, the company accepted a low level of government participation. In 1950, these funds were increased to pay for the salaries of the administration and the ship's crews in order to compensate for the continuous services to the authorities.
The NSSR has been training divers since 1969 and carries appropriate equipment on its boats with permanent employees to help drowning people and to remove nets and ropes from ship's propellers. In the first year the 'frogmen' had 84 missions. From 1974 the rescue fleet is operated all year round and the permanent crews are employed full-time. The rescue station at Mjøsa started in 1979.
In 1996 the rescue company founded the first " Voluntary Sea Rescue Corps ". A total of 1,300 men and women are now serving in the 25 corps as volunteer crews on the smaller lifeboats along the entire Norwegian coast.
From 2010 the NSSR changed the appearance of its fleet. The previous three stripes on the fuselage in the national colors red - blue - red have been replaced by the new logo with the "Hanse Cross". Instead, the NSSR logo on the side of the body disappeared. The red roof now adorns the boat number in large letters.
Development of the fleet
At the founding meeting of the NSSR in the Oslo Stock Exchange, no decision had yet been taken on how the rescue fleet should be constructed: smaller boats or large lifeboats. In any case, lifeboats should be able to accompany the Norwegian fishing fleet on their long fishing trips across the North Sea in order to be able to provide help immediately on site. Colin Archer as the designer of the polar research ships (e.g. Fram ) was asked to design a sailing lifeboat that met these ideas. The company's first lifeboats were put into service in 1893 as the RS 1 “Colin Archer”, RS 2 “Langesund”, RS 3 “Tordenskjold” and RS 4 “Feie”. All ships of the Redningsselskapet have had the prefix "RS" for Redningsskøyte (English lifeboat or lifeboat) and a number.
The RS 1 "Colin Archer" brought him great recognition and a legendary reputation thanks to the rescue operation off Hamningberg in 1894. During a violent hurricane in Finnmark with steep cross lakes , the boat proved its extremely robust construction. In a spectacular rescue operation, the RS 1 skipper was able to save a total of 36 people. This was the first time that the NSSR rescue organization became known to the general public through the press and received more support. RS 1 was in service until 1934 and was able to save the lives of 132 people and save 41 ships from sinking.
The NSSR launched a design competition for the future fleet , which CL Stephansen from Arendal won and was then allowed to build his first RS 5 "Liv" boat. With some design changes by Colin Archer, the first class of sailing lifeboats was developed from it . The extremely sturdy Colin Archer-class boats became icons in Norway, and to this day some are used as private pleasure craft or kept in museums.
The first attempt with a motorized lifeboat took place in 1897 with the RS 7 «Frithjov». The tests were unsuccessful and the RS 7 was sold. In the same year Colin Archer improved his boat construction and built RS 12 “Svolvær” accordingly, which became the lead ship of the new Svolvær class .
After the successful installation of a motor in the RS 36 "Andreas Aarø", the RS 38 "Bischof Hvoslef" started the generation of motor lifeboats in 1932 . By 1940, a total of 14 lifeboats had been built of this type, which could use both engine and sails for propulsion. At the beginning of the 1940s, the NSSR owned 26 lifeboats.
After the Second World War , the NSSR started a design competition for a first "rescue cruiser" in order to adapt the rescue fleet to the larger fish trawlers . The new ships to escort and secure the fishing fleet should only be equipped with engines. The RS 53 “JM Johansen” started up in 1949 with a wooden hull. It was followed by five similar new buildings in different sizes. With two Wichmann diesel engines of 100 or 120 hp, the ships could make a speed of 10 knots . After the first steel boat RS 58 "Sørlandsskøjta" was floated in in 1956, only steel was used in shipbuilding. The largest rescue cruiser in 1968 was the RS 75 "Sjøfareren" with a length of 28 meters. With a machine output of approx. She achieved 1,500 hp at 12 knots and could generate 20 tons of bollard pulling force. Greater pulling forces have been required since the 1960s in order to take account of the increased ship sizes when towing at sea. According to the task, the ship had a range of 4,800 nautical miles.
The lifeboats, which were put into service until the early 1970s, were not specially designed for sea rescue, but rather designs that had proven particularly seaworthy when fishing. This made them not particularly fast, but they had a long range. The last steel boat to be built for the NSSR in 1979 was the RS 94 "Oscar Tybring III" , although the first aluminum boats were already in service.
Since the 1980s, aluminum has been used exclusively in the construction of lifeboats. In order to save further weight, FRP ( fiber-plastic composite ) or GRP ( glass-fiber-reinforced plastic ) in sandwich construction was added from 1986 . However, these fiber composite materials proved to be less durable in the construction of the hull, so that today the hull of large boats is made of aluminum and plastic is only used in the superstructure of the deck.
Diesel engines in a 1 + 1 arrangement serve as a drive as a safety measure in the event of an engine failure. In the newest boats, they each act on a water jet propulsion system, which is more efficient at higher speeds . The maximum speed is over 40 knots. The other lifeboats have controllable pitch propellers , with which 25 to 29 knots can be driven.
All boats have a stern platform for rescuing people. In the Petter CG Sundt class , this platform is designed as a movable flap, as has been the norm at KNRM in the Netherlands since 1988.
Sources: and
Lifeboat fleet today
The boats for permanent employees
The increase in recreational boating at high speeds and the resulting increase in accidents and necessary assistance led to the decision of the NSSR to adapt its fleet to these conditions and, like other companies, to use fast moving boats for sea rescue. So between 1973 and 1975 the first series of pure sea rescue boats was created: the Nanki-Bergesen class with a length of approx. 14 meters. The total of eight specimens were made of aluminum to save weight and thus create less depth. With two engines with a combined output of 450 kW, the boats could reach 20 knots and had a range of 330 nautical miles. The last boat in this class retired from service in 2013.
For the next generation, the NSSR was aiming for a speed of at least 25 knots, even with the larger ships. This was achieved in 1986 with the commissioning of RS 99 “Skomvær III”, the lead ship of the Skomvær class with a total of 6 units, which have a length of 20 meters. As a supplement, the company also needed a smaller version, which was created with the Adeler class .
For service at sea or as a patrol boat , three large ships with a length of 23 meters were built: the Van Koss class with a maximum range of 800 nautical miles. Despite their size, these ships can reach speeds of 28 knots.
A special feature is the Emmy Dyvi class , which is characterized by a high deckhouse and in which the lounge below deck moved forward. The raised navigating bridge offers a good and wide all-round view for rescue tasks. This class is the only NSSR boat to have a 'real' daughter boat that is kept in a protected dock in the stern . The dock can be opened by hydraulic flaps and the 5 meter long daughter boat can extend and retract independently.
With a length of up to 26.7 meters, the ships of the Fosen class are the longest units in the fleet, with a range of 600 nautical miles reaching speeds of 25-29 knots. All classes put into service up to then had ship propellers to drive them. When designing the next generation of ships, the NSSR opted for waterjet propulsion to increase the speed to around 40 knots. This was used from 2007 in the Petter CG Sundt class and the Ulstein class .
For smaller rescue missions and for the use of divers, the boats of the permanent employees carry a dinghy. At first it was a simple inflatable boat ( ZODIAC ) that was stowed on the foredeck. The latest boats have a rescuerunner in the stern . This is a special rescue jet ski from Sweden with an integrated transport surface for picking up people from the water.
The equipment of the lifeboats includes the navigation and communication devices common to all sea rescue organizations . For towing and moving loads, the boats have a hydraulic crane, a hydraulic winch and a towing hook. The hook is designed for a towing force of 10 to 12 tons - exceptions: Sundt class 6 t and Fosen class 23 t. The appropriate equipment including underwater communication is carried for diving missions. There are also bilge pumps , fire extinguishing equipment and a thermal imaging camera .
Table of boat classes for permanent employees
| Lifeboats for permanent employees - ready for immediate use | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boat class | length | width | gravure gang |
Bau- mat. |
crew | i. D. since |
Number Motors total power |
v-max (drive) |
Range | Number i. D. |
Number born |
Number Res. |
Dinghy |
| Ulstein | 22.0 m | 6.26 m | 1.20 m | Alu | 3 FA | 2015 | 2 → 2,440 kW | 38 kn (jet) | 600 nm | 2 | ? | 0 | RescueRunner |
| PCG Sundt | 17.0 m | 4.60 m | 1.00 m | Alu | 3 FA | 2007 | 2 → 1,470 kW | 42 kn (jet) | 400 nm | 6th | 6th | 0 | RescueRunner |
| Fosen | 24.7 m 26.7 m |
6.38 m | 2.10 m | Alu | 3 FA | 2005 | 2 → 2,880 kW | 25–29 kn (VP) | 600 nm | 6th | 6th | 0 | RIB 4.5 m |
| Emmy Dyvi | 20.4 m | 6.80 m | 1.45 m | Alu | 3 FA | 1997 | 2 → 1,920 kW | 25 kn (full board) | 600 nm | 3 | 3 | 0 | Norsafe Midget TB |
| Van-Koss | 23.0 m | 6.50 m | 1.40 m | Alu | 4 FA | 1996 | 2 → 3,000 kW | 28 kn (full board) | 800 nm | 2 | 3 | 0 | RIB 5.0 m |
| Skomvaer | 21.0 m 19.6 m |
5.70 m | 3.30 m 3.00 m |
Alu / FKV GRP |
3 FA | 1986 | 2 → 2,100 kW 2 → 1,470 kW |
25 kn (full board) | 600 nm 400 nm |
1 3 |
2 4 |
1 0 |
Inflatable boat Zodiac 3.6 m |
| Nobles | 16.1 m | 4.70 m | 1.70 m | Alu | 3 FA | 1986 | 2 → 1,320 kW | 25 kn (full board) | ? 00 sm | 2 | 4th | 0 | Zodiac 3.6 m |
| Stand @ 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Abbreviations: m = meter | kW = kilowatt | kn = knot | sm = nautical mile | FA = permanent employee i. D. = in service | v-max = greatest speed | born = built | Res. = Reserve | VP = controllable pitch propeller |
|||||||||||||
Picture gallery FA
RS 168 "Hans Herman Horn" of
the Ulstein class
RS 147 “Inge Steensland” of
the PCG Sundt class
RS 137 "Kristian Gerhard Jebsen" of
the Fosen class
RS 112 "Emmy Dyvi" of
the Emmy Dyvi class
RS 103 “Dagfinn Paust” of
the Skomvaer class
RS 105 "Ruth Opsahl" of
the Adeler class
The boats for volunteers
With the establishment of the Voluntary Sea Rescue Corp , the NSSR created its own boat classes with lengths of 12 to 13 meters for their purposes. The first unit in the new Simrad class was the RS 120 “Sundt” in 2000. This 34 knot type was followed by another 14 boats of the same design by 2009. The subsequent Bergesen class increased the speed level to over 40 knots, which is also achieved with the newest boats of the Staff class . The staff class is the only lifeboat type to have a half-open steering position, so that the crew must wear earmuffs . A jet ski can be carried behind the steering position on the stern platform .
All boats of the volunteers are well suited for shallow water operations due to the jet drive and only have a shallow draft of 60 to 80 centimeters. On the two lakes Femunden and Mjøsa the volunteers occupy one boat each. The RS 170 “Prinsesse Ragnhild”, a staff class boat, has been in service since the end of 2019 .
Table of boat classes for volunteers
| Lifeboats for permanent employees - ready for immediate use | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boat class | length | width | gravure gang |
Bau- mat. |
crew | i. D. since |
Number Motors total power |
v-max (drive) |
Range | Number i. D. |
Number born |
Number Res. |
Dinghy |
| Staff | 12.6 m | 3.90 m | 0.60 m | Alu | 3 FW | 2016 | 2 → 735 kW | 42 kn (jet) | 200 nm | 6th | 6th | 0 | Opt: jet ski |
| Vectors | 11.2 m | 3.80 m | 0.75 m | Alu | 3 FW | 2012 | 2 AB → 440 kW | 45 kn (jet) | 125 nm | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Mountain range | 13.9 m | 4.20 m | 0.70 m | FKV | 3-4 FW | 2011 | 2 → 735 kW | 42 kn (jet) | 250 nm | 8th | 8th | 0 | |
| Simrad | 12.0 m | 3.52 m | 0.70 m | Alu | 3-4 FW | 2000 | 2 → 650 kW | 34 kn (jet) | 165 nm | 14th | 15th | 1 | |
| Stand @ 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Abbreviations: m = meter | kW = kilowatt | kn = knot | sm = nautical mile | FW = volunteers i. D. = in service | v-max = greatest speed | born = built | Res. = Reserve |
|||||||||||||
Picture gallery FW
RS 143 "Uni Kragerø" of
the Bergesen class
RS 131 “Uni” of
the Simrad class
RS 148 «Mjøsvekteren» of
the vector class
.jpg)
See also
Web link
- Homepage of the company. Retrieved August 19, 2015 (Norwegian).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e RS Annual Report 2018. (PDF) Retrieved April 5, 2020 (Norwegian).
- ^ Organization of the RS. Retrieved April 5, 2020 (Norwegian).
- ↑ a b c d e f g history of society. NSSR, accessed April 5, 2020 (Norwegian).
- ↑ HG Prager: Rescuers without Ruhm , Ullstein-Verlag (1999) ISBN 3-548-24618-4 (p. 258 ff)
- ↑ The NSSR lifeboat classes on redningsselskapet.no , accessed on April 22, 2020
- ^ Clayton Evans: Rescue at Sea: An International History of Lifesaving, Coastal Rescue Craft and Organizations Conway Maritime Press 2003, ISBN 978-0-85-177934-8
- ↑ Tochterboot the "Emmy Dyvi" movie on youtube.com , accessed on April 30, 2020
- ↑ NSSR adds RescueRunner to its fleet on cision.com , accessed April 30, 2020
- ↑ RS 161 with jet ski on redningsselskapet.no , accessed on April 30, 2020