Nafplio
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Municipality of Nafplio Δημοτική Κοινότητα Ναυπλιέων (Ναύπλιο) |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country |
 Greece
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| region | Peloponnese | ||
| Regional district | Argolis | ||
| local community | Nafplio | ||
| Geographic coordinates | 37 ° 34 ′ N , 22 ° 48 ′ E | ||
| Height above d. M. |
10 m |
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| Residents | 14203 (2011) | ||
| Post Code | 21100 | ||
| Telephone code | (+30) 27520 | ||
| Website: | www.nafplio.gr | ||
Nafplio ( modern Greek Ναύπλιο [ ˈnafpliɔ ] ( n. Sg. ), Also Nauplion , ancient Greek Ναυπλία Nauplia ( f. Sg. ), From 1686 to 1715 Italian Napoli di Romania ) is a port city on the Argolic Gulf in the Peloponnese in Greece . The actual city has 14,203 inhabitants (2011) and was the provisional capital of Greece from 1829 to 1834. The municipality of Nafplio was last significantly enlarged in 2011 by incorporations and has 33,356 inhabitants.
geography
As a port city, the city is located directly on the sea in the Peloponnese. Corinth is about 50 km north, Athens about 140 km northeast of the city. The neighboring towns are as follows:
| Northwest: Argos-Mycenae | North: Corinth | |
| West: Argolic Gulf | Nafplio | East: Epidavros |
| South: Argolic Gulf | Southeast: Ermionida |
A few kilometers outside the city is the Agia Moni nunnery , which was founded in 1144. Bishop Leo von Argos built the associated Theotokou Church in 1149, his dedication inscription is placed next to the west door. The church has an outer and an inner narthex , its dome is placed on four pillars.
About 4 km north of Nafplio, in Agia Trias at the entrance to the village, stands the church of Panagia , built in the second half of the 12th century. Their masonry consists of house stones with brick layers in between; a meander border runs along the top edge.
history
The name of the place is probably already around 1370 BC. Under Amenophis III. mentioned in one of his place name lists as Nupliya (nw-pi-r'-iy) . At that time there were trade relations between Egypt and the Argolis.
According to the myth , the city was founded under the name Nauplia by Nauplios , the son of Poseidon and the Amymone , and was the home of the legendary hero Palamedes . In the 7th century BC Nauplia was conquered from the neighboring Argos , otherwise it played no major role in antiquity and was already in the 2nd century BC. Left BC.
Nafplio was re-founded in Byzantine times and gained importance due to its strategic location. In 1211 Nafplio was conquered by the Venetians during the time of the Latin Empire . In 1542 the city came under Turkish rule, but it was recaptured by the Venetians and was called "Napoli di Romania" from 1686 to 1715, the capital of the Morea province . During this time, the city was fortified again, which is still evident today in the Palamidi bastion . In 1715 it was under Sultan Ahmed III. captured under the most cruel circumstances by the Turks who massacred the Greek civilian population and the Venetian soldiers.
Nafplio was besieged by Greek revolutionary troops for a year during the Greek Revolution and finally conquered in December 1822. From 1829 to 1834 Nafplio was after Aegina (1827-1829) the second capital of modern Greece after independence from the Ottoman Empire. In 1833 the city became the residence of Otto von Bayern , who became king of Greece . In 1834 the court moved to Athens , which has been the Greek capital ever since.
economy
Besides the port, the main source of income for the inhabitants of Nafplio today is tourism . The city has a railway connection to the narrow-gauge Peloponnese railway. The line was reopened in 2005 after a general renovation. Due to the austerity measures taken by the Greek government, operations were shut down in January 2011.
Attractions
Old city fortifications
The old town of Nafplio is located on a peninsula below the Akronauplia castle hill. The center of the old town is Syntagma Square (Constitution Square ), on which two historically significant buildings stand: the Venetian barracks built in 1713, which today houses the Archaeological Museum , and a former mosque. The Vouleftiko Mosque was built in 1550 and served as the meeting place for the first Greek parliament in 1825 .
Among the sights of Nafplio are the three fortresses of the city: The Akronauplia fortress is located on the castle hill above the old town; the Palamidi fortress , built by the Venetians between 1711 and 1714, crowns a 216 m high hill east of the old town and is named after the ancient legendary hero Palamedes . You can either get there by car or climb the 999 steps. The Bourtzi fortress is located on a small island in front of the harbor entrance, it is popularly known as the "executioner's island" because it was the former home of the executioner and prison for the delinquents.
Two protective towers and two city gates have been preserved from the earlier city walls.
A Venetian defense tower once stood on the Square of Friends of Greece , but it was demolished in 1866. Today the monument to the Friends of Greece forms the center of this square. It was built in 1903 to commemorate the French allies who helped Greece in the liberation struggle against the Turks. The design of the obelisk came from Paris, but the work was carried out in Greece. On one side, the personifications of Greece and France are shown in relief.
Churches
Next to the entrance to the Church of St. Spiridonas , the first Greek Prime Minister, Ioannis Kapodistrias, was murdered in 1831 . Other preserved places of worship are St. Sofia, St. Nicholas, Virgin Church, All Saints' Day, St. George (Georgios) .
Museums
In addition to the archaeological museum already mentioned, there is also a war museum and a folklore museum in Nafplio (the latter was set up in a building in the station building that was in operation until 1963).
Other sights
The station park, which arose from the area of the first station area built in Nafplio, is a popular resort in the city with the historic station building, a music school and a green palm grove.
The first primary school is on Navarchon Square and, opposite, the first high school in Greece since 1833, which is now used as the town hall.
People of the city's history
- Staikos Staikopoulos (1798–1835), Greek national hero who liberated the city from foreign rule in 1821
- Leon Sgouros († 1208), autonomous Byzantine ruler in Greece at the beginning of the 13th century
- Jean Spiropoulos (1896–1972), lawyer
- Otto I (1815–1867), first king of Greece, lived in Nauplio in 1833/1834
- Kalliopi Papalexopoulou (1809–1899), philanthropist and opposition leader in the uprising of Nafplio in 1862 against King Otto I.
- Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831), first head of state of Greece after the Greek Revolution
Twin cities
Web links
- Virtual tour of Nauplia in several languages
- Homepage Argolis - a lot of information about the Argolis and other regions of the Peloponnese. Homepage Argolis - a lot of information about the Argolis and other regions of the Peloponnese.
- GTP - Nafplio municipality
- Elisabeth Herschbach: Streets of Nafplion. Reveal Greek History
- Image by Peter von Hess
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΣΥΕ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ^ Richard Speicher: Peloponnese. Art and travel guide with regional studies . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-010031-9 , p. 170.
- ^ Richard Speicher: Peloponnese . Art and travel guide with regional studies . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-010031-9 , pp. 172-173.
- ↑ Elmar Edel, Manfred Görg: The place name lists in the northern columned courtyard of the mortuary temple Amenophis III. Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-447-05219-8 , pp. 181ff. and 208.