Namie (Fukushima)

Namie Town Hall
Namie-machi ; 浪江町
Geographical location in Japan
Region :	Tōhoku
Prefecture :	Fukushima
Coordinates :	37 ° 30 ′ N , 141 ° 0 ′ E Coordinates: 37 ° 29 ′ 41 ″ N , 141 ° 0 ′ 1 ″ E
Basic data
Surface:	223.10 km²
Residents :	937 ; (April 1, 2020)
Population density :	4 inhabitants per km²
Community key :	07547-7
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Tree :	jaw
Flower :	Jewelry baskets
Bird :	Common gull
town hall
Address :	Namie Town Hall ; 7 - 2 , Aza Rokutanda, Ōaza Kiyohashi; Namie- machi , Futaba-gun ; Fukushima 979-1592
Website URL:	www.town.namie.fukushima.jp
Location Namies in Fukushima Prefecture

Namie ( Japanese 浪江町 , - machi ) is a small town in the Futaba district of the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima .

geography

Namie is on the Pacific Ocean . The Abukuma highlands , which are dominated by forests and largely uninhabited, rise 10 km from the coast . The western half of Namie also extends deep into this highland and is only connected to the much more populated eastern part by a comparatively narrow corridor.

Namie is surrounded by Minamisōma in the northeast, Iitate in the north, Kawamata in the northwest, Nihonmatsu and Tamura in the west, Katsurao in the southwest, and Ōkuma and Futaba in the south.

history

The municipality of Namie was created in the course of the nationwide reorganization of the municipality on April 1, 1889 and was located in the then Shineha County ( 標葉郡 , - gun ). This district was merged on April 1, 1896 with the district of Naraha ( 楢葉郡 , -gun ) to the district of Futaba ( 双葉郡 , -gun ), literally: "two ha ( 葉 )".

In 1898, Namie achieved a historical appreciation with the establishment of a parish station of the Nippon Tetsudō . On March 1, 1900, it was upgraded from a village community ( mura ) to a small town ( machi ).

On October 10, 1953, the villages of Ukedo ( 請戸村 , -mura ) and Kiyohashi ( 幾世橋村 , -mura ) were incorporated southeast and northeast of Namie, respectively. On May 1, 1956, Ōbori ( 大堀村 , -mura ) followed to the southwest, Karino ( 苅野村 , -mura ) to the west and Tsushima ( 津島村 , -mura ) deep in the Abukuma highlands to the west. In 1955, the population of Namie was 28,800. On April 1, 1958, the district of Nakano and parts of Morotake, which were part of the earlier Ukedo, were incorporated into Futaba . Exactly two later this was repeated with parts of Nakahama and again parts of Morotake.

The city sought to counteract population decline and financial difficulties. When Fukushima Prefecture built nuclear power plants in its area in 1960 , Namie was initially a candidate location, but the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was eventually built in the nearby cities of Futaba and Ōkuma . The nuclear power plant subsequently contributed to the slowing down of the population decline and thus to the dispersion of society and economy. Many nuclear power plant employees (2010: around 30 percent of the workforce) lived in Namie and strengthened its economic strength. Of the 20,888 residents Namie had in December 2010, around 2,500 worked at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster 2011

Damage and sacrifice

House in Namie destroyed by the tsunami on March 11, 2011 (Photo: April 11, 2011)

The city was hit hard on March 11, 2011 by the Tōhoku earthquake and the tsunami that it triggered . The number of completely destroyed residential buildings is put at 772, the partially destroyed at 2,384.

The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) reported a total of 182 dead and 2 missing persons for Namie as a result of the triple disaster (namely the tsunami) of 2011, up to their 145th damage report of March 13, 2012, then increased their number in their 146th damage report from September 28, 2012 on 344 dead and 33 missing and up to the 158th damage report from September 7, 2018 on 576 dead and 31 missing.

Measured against the total population of Namies, which was given as 20,905 in the 2010 census, the casualty rate from the 2011 disaster was 2.9% if all dead and missing persons recorded in the 157th FDMA damage report are taken into account.

evacuation

Radiation exposure and relationship between Namie and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
and the long-term evacuation zones

Radiation exposure from late March to early April 2011:
Namie and the evacuation route leading to the northwest via national road 114 are in the area of particularly high radiation exposure.

As of April 22, 2011:
Orange = restricted area within a 20 km radius
Yellow = "Evacuation Prepared Area"
Pink = "Deliberate Evacuation Area"

As of June 15, 2012:
In addition to the restricted area and “Deliberate Evacuation Area”, there are 3 categories:
Category 1: Area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted
Category 2 = residents are prohibited from permanent residence.
Category 3 = long-term unsuitable for return of residents

Namie is partly in the restricted area. The part of Namies that is not in the area of the exclusion zone is largely in the area of particularly high radiation exposure.

As a countermeasure to the nuclear disaster, a restricted area was designated around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant within a radius of 20 km. However, there were also many other locations with high radiation values beyond this 20 km radius, as radioactive particles were carried away from the damaged power plant by the wind. These places included Namie and 10 other villages and towns, including Minamisōma , Naraha , Tomioka , Kawauchi , Ōkuma , Futaba , Katsurao , Iitate , Tamura and Kawamata . According to the evacuation orders of May 7, 2013, these regions were divided into four different categories according to their radioactive exposure: Areas with a radiation exposure of less than 20 mSv per year, which were treated by the government as a threshold value for permanent return Category 1. Areas of this Category 1 could be entered at their own discretion and without the use of protective equipment with the only restriction that they were not allowed to stay overnight there. These areas were ready for the evacuation order to be lifted. In areas with a radiation exposure between 20 and 50 mSv per year (category 2), residents were prohibited from permanent residence. Areas with over 50 mSv per year (category 3) were seen as unsuitable for a return of residents in the long term. A fourth evacuation area had a special status.

Due to the tsunami and the nuclear disaster in Fukushima triggered by the natural disaster , the entire city and most of the community, whose area is within the 20 km exclusion zone except for the less populated western half, had to be evacuated. On March 12, residents evacuated themselves using their own vehicles and city-provided buses. Most of them left the area in a northwesterly direction - the same direction the radioactive clouds had taken - on National Road 114 as the only existing escape route and sought refuge in the Tsushima Kaseika Center, which was within the area of the most exposed group. It is assumed that Namies residents were exposed to radiation levels of 19 μSv / h. Emergency shelters outside the 20 km evacuation zone subsequently accommodated 14,000 evacuees, while 7,000 evacuees were soon taken in to other prefectures. The town hall was moved to Nihonmatsu . The Mayor of Namie, Tamotsu Baba, said in 2012 that the nuclear incident was heard on the morning of March 12, 2011, when the Prime Minister ordered the residents of the 10 km zone around the nuclear power plant to evacuate. By contrast, the government had not issued any evacuation orders. The agreement between the city of Namie and the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), to be informed in the event of any incidents never worked. According to guidelines set by the Japanese government, TEPCO has to pay 100,000 yen a month to every resident who has been forced to evacuate while they are evacuated. The amount was calculated in relation to the monthly allowance of around 120,000 yen, which is paid through motor insurance to people who are hospitalized as a result of traffic accidents. Namie City Council argued that the amount was underestimated as it did not take into account the damage caused by the nuclear accident. In addition, do not take into account the fact that the nuclear disaster dissolved communities that had been built up over many years. The Namie government has requested that the monthly allowance be increased to 350,000 yen for mental abuse.

Because radioactive decontamination takes a long time, Namie, Okuma, Futaba and Tomioka local governments began planning “temporary cities” or migrant communities for those displaced from their original communities in late 2011. Both municipal administrations and public institutions as well as the residents were moved to these temporary cities. In December 2011, the Fukushima Prefectural Administration formulated a reconstruction plan, the basic concepts of which were to build a safe and sustainable non-nuclear society, to revitalize Fukushima and to restore cities. In March 2012, a law of "Special Measures for Fukushima Rebirth" was passed. In July 2012, the Cabinet adopted basic guidelines for reconstruction in Fukushima with the aim of promoting post-nuclear reconstruction and resuscitation in a holistic manner. From September 2012 to March 2013, the four communities Namie, Ōkuma, Futaba and Tomioka - to which the residents could not return - formulated rehabilitation plans. Since it was not known when people would be able to return to their home parishes, plans included relocation to other parishes but not detailed rebuilding of the original parishes.

In March 2013, at the invitation of Baba's Google cars, drove through the blocked city to take pictures for the Google Street View Internet service .

The evacuees in emergency shelters were mostly older people, as many young families with children had moved to more distant cities because of the fear of invisible hazardous substances and the lack of job opportunities. Residents evacuated from the community reported frustration, deteriorating health and a growing sense of unfair treatment. The majority of evacuated residents subsequently lived apart from their extended families, which is believed to be one of several causes of increased frustration. Over half of residents moved away from other family members (including elderly parents) with whom they had lived before the disaster. According to a survey, a third of the evacuees made the decision never to return to their hometown. The reasons given were that there was no hope of a reduction in radiation exposure, that the nuclear accident would never be brought under control and that it would be difficult to rebuild the social infrastructure. Seventy percent of those evacuated residents who took part in the survey and who wanted to return to Namie set conditions for their return, in particular the reduction of radiation exposure, the rebuilding of infrastructure and the return of a certain percentage of the population.

Exclusion zone

On April 1, 2013 Namie was removed from the exclusion zone and instead graded according to radioactive contamination into three zones of categories 1 (area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted), 2 (residents are prohibited from permanent residence) and 3 (long-term unsuitable for return of residents) assigned. On March 31 and April 1, 2017, the Japanese government revoked the evacuation orders for around 32,000 residents from the four radiation-contaminated communities of Iitate, Kawamata, Namie and Tomioka, allowing them to return to their homes. The only places that were still the subject of evacuation orders were Futaba and Ōkuma as well as parts of the five neighboring cities and villages Minamisōma, Iitate, Namie, Tomioka, Katsurao.

traffic

The main highways from Namie are the Jōban highway to Misato or Watari , the national road 6 to Chūō (Tokyo) or Sendai , the national road 114 to Fukushima , the national road 399 to Iwaki or Nan'yō , and the national road 459 to Niigata .

Connection to the rail network is provided by the JR Jōban line to Nippori station in Arakawa (a district of Tokyo ) or to Iwanuma . There is only one train station in Namie.

education

In Namie are the elementary schools ( 浪江町立 X 小学校 , Namie-chōritsu X shōgakkō ) Namie, Ukedo, Kiyohashi, Ōbori, Karino and Tsushima, the middle schools ( 浪江町立 X 中学校 , Namie-chōritsu X chūgakkō ) Namie, 浪江東 , Namie higashi ) and Tsushima, as well as the prefectural high school Namie ( 福島県立浪江高等学校 , Fukushima-kenritsu Namie kōtō gakkō ) and its branch in Tsushima ( 福島県立浪江高等学校津島校 , Fukushu-kenō-kenō-kenō , Fukushima- kenō-kenō kō ).

Web links

Commons : Namie - collection of images, videos and audio files

10 万分 1 浸水範囲概況図 , 国土地理院 ( Kokudo Chiriin , Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, formerly: Geographical Survey Institute = GSI), www.gsi.go.jp: 地理院ホーム> 防災関連> 平成 23 年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震に関する情報提供> 10 万分 1 浸水範囲概況図:

The GSI published here a map with Namie ( 浸水範囲概況図15 ) on which the 2011 flooded areas are drawn on the basis of reports of aerial photographs and satellite images from the Tōhoku tsunami, as far as was possible.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Dinil Pushpalal, Zhang Yan, Tran Thi Diem Thi, Yuri Scherbak, Michiko Kohama: Tears of Namie: An Appraisal of Human Security in the Township of Namie . In: Dinil Pushpalal, Jakob Rhyner, Vilma Hossini (eds.): The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011: Lessons Learned And Research Questions - Conference Proceedings (11 March 2013, UN Campus, Bonn) . 2013, ISBN 978-3-944535-20-3 , ISSN 2075-0498 , pp. 80-87 .
^ Message 190 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated October 9, 1953
^ Message 221 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated April 30, 1956
^ Message 94 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated the same day
^ Message 110 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated the same day
↑ ^a ^b ^c 東日本大震災図説集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved December 22, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated).
↑ ^a ^b 平成 23 年（2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（第 158 報） ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite )
ホーム> 東北地方太平洋沖地震 (東日本大震災) 被害報> 【過去】被害報>平成 23 年（2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震被害報 157 報～ (1 月～ 12 月) ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite ) , 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 158th damage report , September 7, 2018.
↑ 平成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について (第 145 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 145th report, March 13, 2012.
↑ 平成 23 年 (2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（第 124 報) ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 124th report, May 19, 2011.
↑ 東日本大震災図説集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved June 19, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated).
↑ 平成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について (第 146 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 146th report, September 28, 2012.
↑ 平成 22 年国勢調査 - 人口等基本集計結果 - （岩手県，宮城県及び福島県） ( Memento from March 24, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF, Japanese), stat.go.jp (Statistics Japan - Statistics Bureau , Ministry of Internal Affairs and communication), 2010 Census, Summary of Results for Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/index.html .
↑ 平成 23 年（2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について（第 157 報） ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 7, 2018.
^ Reiko Hasegawa: Disaster Evacuation from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Disaster and the Fukushima Nuclear Accident . In: Studies . No. 5 , 2013, ISSN 2258-7535 , p. 1-54 . (Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales, IDDRI).
↑ Masaru Arakida, Mikio Ishiwatari: Evacuation . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 11, pp. 99-108 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( limited preview in Google book search). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
↑ Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( limited preview in Google book search). , here: p. 335, Map 36.1 "Rearrangement of evacuation zoning" "Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.", License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (June 15, 2012) ( Memento July 9, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
↑ Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( limited preview in Google book search). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
↑ Tamotsu Baba: Imagery on Google Maps of Fukushima Exclusion Zone Town Namie-machi . In: Google Official Blog. March 27, 2013
↑ Tobias Dorfer: Google Street View shows the region around Fukushima - a stroll through a ghost town . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 28, 2013
↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (March 7, 2013) ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
↑ Even as Evacuation Orders are Lifted, Recovery Remains Distant Prospect for Many Fukushima Residents ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) , nippon.com, May 24, 2017, by Suzuki Hiroshi.

[PushpalalEtAL2013_GEE_Namie_no_Namida_pp80-87-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Dinil Pushpalal, Zhang Yan, Tran Thi Diem Thi, Yuri Scherbak, Michiko Kohama: Tears of Namie: An Appraisal of Human Security in the Township of Namie . In: Dinil Pushpalal, Jakob Rhyner, Vilma Hossini (eds.): The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011: Lessons Learned And Research Questions - Conference Proceedings (11 March 2013, UN Campus, Bonn) . 2013, ISBN 978-3-944535-20-3 , ISSN 2075-0498 , pp. 80-87 .

[2] Message 190 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated October 9, 1953

[3] Message 221 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated April 30, 1956

[4] Message 94 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated the same day

[5] Message 110 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated the same day

[sinsai_zusetsu-6] 東日本大震災図説集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved December 22, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated).

[FDMA_2018-09-07_Rep158-7] 平成 23 年（2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（第 158 報） ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite )
ホーム> 東北地方太平洋沖地震 (東日本大震災) 被害報> 【過去】被害報>平成 23 年（2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震被害報 157 報～ (1 月～ 12 月) ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite ) , 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 158th damage report , September 7, 2018.

[FDMA_2012-03-13_Rep145-8] 平成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について (第 145 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 145th report, March 13, 2012.

[FDMA_2011-05-19_Rep124-9] 平成 23 年 (2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（第 124 報) ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 124th report, May 19, 2011.

[10] 東日本大震災図説集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved June 19, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated).

[FDMA_2012-09-28_Rep146-11] 平成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について (第 146 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 146th report, September 28, 2012.

[Census2010_stat-go-jp-12] 平成 22 年国勢調査 - 人口等基本集計結果 - （岩手県，宮城県及び福島県） ( Memento from March 24, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF, Japanese), stat.go.jp (Statistics Japan - Statistics Bureau , Ministry of Internal Affairs and communication), 2010 Census, Summary of Results for Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/index.html .

[FDMA_2018-03-07-13] 平成 23 年（2011 年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について（第 157 報） ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite )), 総務省消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 7, 2018.

[Hasegawa2013_IDDRI_Studies_5_1-54-14] Reiko Hasegawa: Disaster Evacuation from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Disaster and the Fukushima Nuclear Accident . In: Studies . No. 5 , 2013, ISSN 2258-7535 , p. 1-54 . (Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales, IDDRI).

[Ranghieri&Ishiwatari2014_LFM_Kap11_S099-108-15] Masaru Arakida, Mikio Ishiwatari: Evacuation . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 11, pp. 99-108 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( limited preview in Google book search). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.

[Ranghieri&Ishiwatari2014_LFM_Kap36_331-343_Map36-1-16] Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( limited preview in Google book search). , here: p. 335, Map 36.1 "Rearrangement of evacuation zoning" "Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.", License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.

[METI_RAA_2012-06-15-17] Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (June 15, 2012) ( Memento July 9, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)

[Ranghieri&Ishiwatari2014_LFM_Kap36_331-343-18] Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( limited preview in Google book search). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.

[19] Tamotsu Baba: Imagery on Google Maps of Fukushima Exclusion Zone Town Namie-machi . In: Google Official Blog. March 27, 2013

[20] Tobias Dorfer: Google Street View shows the region around Fukushima - a stroll through a ghost town . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 28, 2013

[METI_RAA_2013-03-07-21] Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (March 7, 2013) ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)

[nippon-com_2017-05-24_EEO-22] Even as Evacuation Orders are Lifted, Recovery Remains Distant Prospect for Many Fukushima Residents ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) , nippon.com, May 24, 2017, by Suzuki Hiroshi.