Nina Evgenjewna Wedenejewa

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Nina Evgenjewna Wedenejewa

Nina Evgenevna Wedenejewa ( Russian Нина Евгеньевна Веденеева ; born November 19 . Jul / 1. December  1882 greg. In Tbilisi ; † 31 December 1955 in Moscow ) was a Russian - Soviet physicist and university teacher .

Life

After attending high school, Wedenejewa wanted to study architecture in Belgium . When she stopped in Liège on the way to Ghent , she met her future husband Leonid Ivanovich Sirotinski from Nikolajew , who was studying in Liège at the Institut Électrotechnique Montefiore (IEM) founded by Georges Montefiore-Levi in 1883 . She gave up studying architecture and began studying at the IEM. After her father was murdered in January 1902, she returned home and stayed there until spring. After another year of study in Liège, she broke off her studies, married Leonid Sirotinski in the Russian Orthodox Church in Brussels on July 28, 1903, and after completing his studies returned with him to his parents' house in Nikolaev, where her son Yevgeny at the end of the year (1903–1983) was born.

In 1907 Wedenejewa began studying in the Moscow Higher Courses for women founded by Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier in the chemical department and then in the physics and mathematics faculty , which she successfully completed in 1913 with the final exams at Moscow University . In 1914 she began teaching and researching in the Moscow Higher Courses, which became the 2nd Moscow State University after the October Revolution . Until 1919 she taught chemistry , atomic physics including radioactivity and education there .

During the Russian Civil War , Wedenejewa separated from her husband in Nikolayev and moved in with Yevgenia Ivanovna Avramenko, who was on vacation with her son in Nikolayev. Since the way to Moscow was blocked because of the advance of the white army under Anton Ivanovich Denikin , Veneyeva and Avramenko traveled to Avramenko's hometown of Melitopol , where they found work in the girls' high school for the next two years.

From the beginning of 1921, Wedenejewa and Avramenko taught at the Moscow Forest Technology Institute until they were transferred to Leningrad in 1925 . In 1926, Veneeyeva's son Yevgeny, who studied at the Moscow Technical University , was arrested as an enemy of the people and exiled to Glazov after 6 months in the Solovetsky camp . In 1927 Wedenejewa met the poet Sofija Jakowlewna Parnok . Parnok's closest friend was the mathematician Olga Nikolajewna Zuberbiller , who helped Wedenejewa get textbooks.

In 1930, Wedenejewa became head of the crystal-optical cabinet of the All Union Institute for Mineral Resources in Moscow. The following year, she began one of the first studies of anomalous dispersion at the Giredmet State Research and Design Institute for Rare Metals .

In 1932, Wedenejewa left the apartment she had shared with Avramenko and moved to live with her son in Moscow. The relationship with Parnok began, and from January 1932 until her death in August 1933 she dedicated thirty poems in two cycles. Wedenejewa visited Parnok almost every day, who continued to live with Zuberbiller. After Parnok's death, Veneeyeva became depressed . In the summer of 1934 she went to Armenia alone to relax, but this did not bring any improvement. In early 1936 she was taken to a sanatorium near Moscow and then to Sudak .

In 1937 Wedenejewa successfully defended her dissertation for a doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences. In 1941 she moved to the Institute of Geological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) and headed the Department of Optics . During the German-Soviet War , Wedenejewa headed the optics sector of the AN-SSSR commission for geological and geographical services for the Red Army .

After the end of the war in 1945, Wedenejewa became head of the laboratory for crystal optics of the institute for crystallography of the AN-SSSR. Her research interests were the smoky quartz , the light absorption and luminescence of quartz in connection with the thermoluminescence properties that adsorption of organic dyes on thiazine - and barium - crystals and also to lead and strontium . She developed devices for improved crystal-optical examinations and methods for the classification and assessment of clay minerals that were used at home and abroad.

Wedenejewas younger brother was the hydraulic engineer Boris Evgenjewitsch Wedenejew .

Wedenejewa was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h ЛАБОРАТОРИЯ КРИСТАЛЛООПТИКИ ИНСТИТУТА КРИСТАЛЛОГРАФИИ РАН (65-летие основания) . In: КРИСТАЛЛОГРАФИЯ . tape 55 , no. 6 , 2010, p. 1146–1152 ( [1] [accessed June 12, 2020]).
  2. ↑ a b c Novodevichy Cemetery: ВЕДЕНЕЕВА Нина Евгеньевна (accessed June 12, 2020).
  3. ^ Diana Burgin: Sophia Parnok: The Life and Work of Russia's Sappho . NYU Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-8147-2504-7 .
  4. ^ Katherine Bliss Eaton: Enemies of the People: The Destruction of Soviet Literary, Theater, and Film Arts in the 1930s . Northwestern University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8101-1769-3 .
personal data
SURNAME Wedenejewa, Nina Evgenjewna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Веденеева, Нина Евгеньевна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-Soviet physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi
DATE OF DEATH December 31, 1955
Place of death Moscow