Orthosiphon

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Orthosiphon
Orthosiphon aristatus

Orthosiphon aristatus

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Genre : Orthosiphon
Scientific name
Orthosiphon
Benth.

Orthosiphon , sometimes called cat's whiskers , is a genus of plants within the mint family (Lamiaceae). The 40 to 45 species are distributed in tropical Asia , from tropical to southern Africa , Madagascar and northeastern Australia .

description

Illustration of Orthosiphon aristatus
Orthosiphon aristatus
Pollen from Orthosiphon aristatus
Orthisiphon rubicundus
Orthosiphon thymiflorus

Appearance and leaves

The Orthosiphon species grow as perennial herbaceous plants or subshrubs . The roots often become thick and can become lignified.

The opposite leaves are stalked or sessile. The simple leaf blades are toothed.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

Two to twelve flowers are borne in Scheinquirlen and form the terminal, ährigen or rispigen total inflorescences . The bracts are shorter than the flower stalks.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five intensely colored sepals are more or less broadly fused with tubes and form a two-lipped calyx. The upper lip is formed from four sepals. The calyx enlarges as the fruit ripens. The five white or reddish to purple-colored petals are fused to form a two-lipped crown. The upper lip is formed from three or four petals. The lower lip has a smooth edge and is concave. There are only four stamens present; the two pairs are of different lengths and the stamens are free. Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The stylus is spherical.

The claus fruit breaks down into four more or less spherical clauses.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Orthosiphon was placed in Edwards's Botanical Register by George Bentham in 1830 . Synonyms for Orthosiphon Benth. are: Nautochilus Bremek. , Clerodendranthus Kudô .

The genus Orthosiphon belongs to the tribe Ocimeae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the family Lamiaceae .

The 40 to 45 species are naturally distributed in tropical Asia , from tropical to southern Africa and northeastern Australia , and one species occurs in Colombia.

The genus Orthosiphon contains 40 to 45 species:

  • Orthosiphon adenocaulis A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar .
  • Orthosiphon allenii (CHWright) Codd : It is distributed from southern Tanzania via the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Malawi , Mozambique and Zambia to Zimbabwe .
  • Orthosiphon americanus Harley & AJPaton : It wasfirst described in Colombia in 2012.
  • Orthosiphon argenteus A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon aristatus (flower) Miq. : There have been two varieties since 2005:
    • Orthosiphon aristatus (flower) Miq. var. aristatus (Syn .: Orthosiphon grandiflorus Bold. nom. illeg., Orthosiphon spicatus (Thunb.) Backer, Bakh. f. & Steenis nom. illeg., Orthosiphon spiralis (Lour.) Merr. , Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. , Orthosiphon tagawae Murata , Orthosiphon velteri Doan ): They are distributed from tropical to subtropical Asia and in northern Australia .
    • Orthosiphon aristatus var. Velteri Suddee & AJPaton : It was first described from Vietnam in 2005 .
  • Orthosiphon biflorus A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon bullosus Chiov. : The home is Somalia .
  • Orthosiphon cinereus A.J.Paton : It wasfirst describedfrom Angola in 2014.
  • Orthosiphon cladotrichos Gürke : The home is Tanzania.
  • Orthosiphon cuanzae (IMJohnst.) AJPaton : The home is Angola.
  • Orthosiphon discolor A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon ellipticus A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon exilis A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon ferrugineus Balf. f. : It is endemic to Socotra .
  • Orthosiphon fruticosus Codd : It occurs only in the South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga .
  • Orthosiphon glandulosus C.EC fish. : The homeland is Assam and in Thailand only Ranong .
  • Orthosiphon hanningtonii (Baker) AJPaton : Home is Kenya and Tanzania.
  • Orthosiphon humbertii Danguy : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon incurvus Benth. : The distribution area extends from the Himalayas to Myanmar .
  • Orthosiphon lanatus Doan ex Suddee & AJPaton : It wasfirst describedfrom Vietnam in 2005.
  • Orthosiphon miserabilis A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon newtonii Briq. : The home is Angola .
  • Orthosiphon nigripunctatus G.Taylor : Home is Angola and Zambia .
  • Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth. (Syn .: Ocimum reflexum Ehrenb. Ex Schweinf. , Orthosiphon ehrenbergii Vatke , Orthosiphon reflexus (Ehrenb. Ex Schweinf.) Vatke , Orthosiphon inodorus K.D. Koenig ex Hook.f , Orthosiphon incisus A.Chev. , Orthosiphon macrocheilus M.R.Ashby ): The circulation area extends from Africa to India .
  • Orthosiphon parishii Prain : The home is Myanmar and Thailand.
  • Orthosiphon parvifolius Vatke : The distribution area extends from southern Ethiopia to Tanzania.
  • Orthosiphon pseudoaristatus Suddee : It was first described in 2005 from Thailand.
  • Orthosiphon robustus Hook. f. : It only occurs in Assam, India.
  • Orthosiphon rotundifolius Doan ex Suddee & AJPaton : It was first described in 2005. It occurs in Thailand and Vietnam.
  • Orthosiphon ruber A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth. : The distribution area extends from the Himalayas to Indochina and Hainan .
  • Orthosiphon sarmentosus A.J.Paton & Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
  • Orthosiphon scapiger Benth. : The distribution area extends from the Himalayas to Myanmar.
  • Orthosiphon scedastophyllus A.J.Paton : The home is Tanzania and Mozambique .
  • Orthosiphon schimperi Benth. : It is common in tropical and southern Africa .
  • Orthosiphon schliebenii A.J.Paton : It was first described in 2009 from southern Tanzania.
  • Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen (Syn .: Ocimum thymiflorum Roth , Plectranthus thymiflorus (Roth) Spreng. , Ocimum triste Roth , Plectranthus tristis (Roth) Spreng. , Ocimum thonningii Thonn. , Ocimum suffrutescens Schumach. , Orthosiphon . , Orthosiphon . , Orthosiphon viscosus Benth. , Orthosiphon glabratus var. africanus Benth. , Orthosiphon tomentosus var. parviflorus Benth. , Orthosiphon petiolaris Miq. , Plectranthus marmoritis Hance , Orthosiphon australis Vatke , Orthosiphon coloratus Vatke , Orthosiphon somalensis Vatke , Orthosiphon tomentosus var. glabratus (Benth.) Hook. f. , Orthosiphon tomentosus var. rubiginosus C.B.Clarke ex Hook. f. , Orthosiphon tomentosus var. viscosus (Benth.) Hook. f. , Orthosiphon sinensis Hemsl. , Orthosiphon heterochrous Briq. , Orthosiphon iodocalyx Briq. , Orthosiphon roseus Briq . , Orthosiphon usambarensis Gürke , Orthosiphon calaminthoides Baker , Orthosiphon mollis Baker , Orthosiphon stuhlmannii Gürke , Orthosiphon wilmsii Gürke , Ort hosiphon liebrechtsiauum Briq. , Orthosiphon hildebrandtii Baker nom. illeg., Orthosiphon longipes Baker , Orthosiphon mombasicus Baker , Orthosiphon inconcinnus Briq. , Orthosiphon neglectus Briq. , Orthosiphon viatorum S.Moore , Orthosiphon merkeri Gürke , Orthosiphon rabaiensis S.Moore , Orthosiphon rabaiensis var. Parvifolia S.Moore , Orthosiphon buryi S.Moore , Orthosiphon silvicola Gürke , Plectranthus bolusii T.Cooke , Orthosiphon marmoritis (Hance) Dunn , Orthosiphon chevalieri Briq. , Orthosiphon tenuifrons Briq. , Orthosiphon glabratus var. Parviflorus (Benth.) Gamble , Orthosiphon thymiflorus var. Viscosus (Benth.) Sleesen , Orthosiphon suffrutescens (Schumach.) JKMorton ): This species is usually listed in the literature under one of its many synonyms. It is widespread from Africa to tropical Asia.
  • Orthosiphon truncatus Doan ex Suddee & AJPaton : It was first described in 2005. It was last found in southern Vietnam in 1877; it is probably extinct.
  • Orthosiphon vernalis Codd : It is endemic to Swaziland .
  • Orthosiphon violaceus Briq. : This endemic occurs in Angola only in Huila.
  • Orthosiphon wattii Prain : It occurs only in Assam, India.
  • Orthosiphon wulfenioides (Diels) Hand.-Mazz. : There are two varieties:
    • Orthosiphon wulfenioides var. Foliosus E.Peter : It grows in open forests and on hills at altitudes from 800 to 2,300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi , Guizhou , Sichuan and Yunnan .
    • Orthosiphon wulfenioides (Diels) Hand.-Mazz. var. wulfenioides : It thrives in pine forests and on grassy hills at altitudes of 1200 to 2900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.

use

Some species of the genus Orthosiphon belong to the phytotherapy group of aquaretics . The ingredients are lipophilic flavones , essential oil and about 3% potassium salts . The properties are spasmolytic , anti-inflammatory and mildly aquatic in nature.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae : Orthosiphon , p. 298 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Rafaël Govaerts ( Ed.): Orthosiphon. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b Orthosiphon in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  4. ^ Fintelmann & Weiss: Textbook of Phytotherapy , Hippokrates-Verlag Stuttgart, 2009, ISBN 978-3-83045-418-2 .

Web links

Commons : Orthosiphon  - collection of images, videos and audio files