Philip Wylie

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Philip Gordon Wylie (born May 12, 1902 in Beverly , Massachusetts , † October 25, 1971 in Miami , Florida ) was an American writer and screenwriter, best known as an author of science fiction and as the author of the polemical-satirical book Generation of Vipers . In addition to novels, he wrote a dozen non-fiction books, around 200 short stories and numerous newspaper articles and essays.

Life

Willy's father was the Presbyterian pastor Edmund Melville Wylie. His mother Edna, nee Edwards, was a novelist and died when Wylie was just five years old. His family moved to Montclair , New Jersey , where he studied at Princeton University from 1920 . In 1923 he broke off his studies for more private reasons. In 1928 he married Sally Johanna Ondek, with whom he had a daughter, Karen. Karen became known as the developer of clicker training . She married Taylor Alderdyce Pryor, a Marine - helicopter - pilot , who later Senator from Hawaii was and the Sea Life Park Hawaii and the Oceanographic Institute in Hawaii co-founded. After Willy's divorce from Sally in 1937, he married Frederica Ballard in 1938. The marriage remained childless.

In 1925 Wylie began to work for the New Yorker , from 1927 he was employed in the advertising department of the Cosmopolitan Book Company . Eventually he went to Hollywood and became a screenwriter, for Paramount Pictures from 1931 to 1933 and for MGM from 1936 to 1937 . He then became a full-time writer. In 1944 he was an editor for Farrar & Rinehart.

Wylie's achievements as a screenwriter are intertwined with the novels of HG Wells , whom Wylie valued and admired. He wrote the screenplay for Wells' novel The Island of Dr. Moreau- based film The Island of Lost Souls from 1932 and when it came to filming Wells' The Invisible Man , Universal Studios bought the rights to Wylie's thematically similar, recently published novel The Murderer Invisible . The 1933 film The Invisible Man with Claude Rains was based on both Wells' and Wylie's work.

In 1926, Wylie had published a first science fiction short story Seeing New York by Kiddie Car . This was followed by two mainstream novels and then in 1930 the novel Gladiator about a superhuman young man who can lift objects weighing tons and jump so high that he seems to be able to fly. Bullets cannot harm him either. Despite and precisely because of his unusual abilities, he has difficulties finding his way in the world of normal people. We're not talking about Superman , but about Hugo Danner, the hero of Wylie's novel. Years later, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster were inspired by Wylie when they created their later world-famous cartoon character.

Another superman from Wylie's pen is Henry Stone, the protagonist of his 1932 novel The Savage Gentleman. The son of a newspaper magnate is raised by a group of scientists, educators and coaches on a desert island in the Pacific and grows into a man of extraordinary strength and strength unusual mental abilities. When he returned to civilization as an adult, his superior gifts allow him to pursue crimes and injustices in various adventures and to protect the innocent. Parallels to Edgar Rice Burroughs ' Tarzan are obvious; conversely, the figure of Doc Savage , who appeared in the Pulps a year later , has obvious similarities.

In 1933 and 1934 the novels When Worlds Collide (German as Wenn Welten collide ) and After Worlds Collide (German as Auf dem neueplanet ) appeared, which Wylie wrote together with Edwin Balmer . The two novels are considered classics of science fiction. When Worlds Collide was published in four sequels in the Blue Book Magazine from September 1932 , and a hardcover edition appeared in 1933. The novel depicts a cosmic catastrophe in which a vagabond pair of planets is discovered, consisting of a large gas planet and a smaller, Earth-like satellite. The gas planet will cross the earth's orbit and is likely to destroy it, the earth planet will find a stable orbit in the habitable zone of the sun. In the face of the impending catastrophe, the brilliant scientist Bronson developed a means to save humanity: several thousand people should fly in a spaceship to the earth-like world and build a new civilization there. The basic constellation of the book (earth threatened with annihilation; brilliant scientist builds spaceship; virile hero with lover flees into the vastness of space) is said to have been the inspiration for the original storyline by Flash Gordon .

In the sequel After Worlds Collide , the spaceship - the "Ark" - lands on the new planet now named Bronson Beta . There you will find the remnants of a civilization, cities run by automatic machines that are preserved in the cold of space and continue to function. However, you can find no trace of the former residents, who, as found images show, were human-like. But not only the passengers of the American spaceship were able to save themselves, spaceships from other nations also landed and there is a conflict between the Americans and the members of a German-Russian-Japanese alliance - a troika of the "rogue states" of 1933 - who intend to introduce a Soviet system in the new world . As is foreseeable, the Americans will win in the end.

The idea for the two books came from Balmer, and Wylie wrote the text. A third novel, which would have completed the trilogy and cleared up the riddle about the whereabouts of the natives of the new planet, could no longer be produced, presumably because Balmer interfered with the text of the second book, which did not meet Wyly's scientific standards.

During World War II, Wylie worked in the Office of Facts and Figures , the forerunner of the Office of War Information , in 1942 and was employed in US Air Force personnel administration in 1944 . But he was also involved as a writer in the United States' war effort: in early 1945, Wylie submitted his story The Paradise Crater to American Magazine , in which the Nazis after their defeat in the war in 1965, the United States with a uranium-237- based Attacking a bomb - a very explosive story at the time, as the Manhattan project to develop an American atomic bomb was top secret and the use of the first atomic bomb in Hiroshima was more than a year in the future. As a result, the author received visits from government agents and was briefly placed under house arrest. From 1949 Wylie then became an advisor to the Federal Civil Defense Administration , the US civil protection agency. He remained in this position until his death and the experiences in this area flowed into his works several times. Wylie was also a temporary advisor to the chairman of the Congress Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE), the powerful congressional committee on nuclear affairs.

In the United States, Wylie was best known as the author of Generation of Vipers , a collection of essays that became a bestseller in the 1940s. In this all-round attack he attacked everyone and everything, church, school, economy, science, military, he made everyone the subject of thoroughly caustic remarks. So far, however, the American mom has always remained sacrosanct as the subject of social criticism. Wylie also attacked American mothers and coined the term "momism", which he used to describe what he considered to be the exaggerated cult of mothers and motherhood in American society. There was quite a stir among readers and critics and the result was that he was now often accused of being a misogynist.

Even if Wylie may not have been a misogynist, misogynists appear several times in his novels (for example in The Savage Gentleman ) and the relationship between the sexes - especially in the USA - was critically reflected by Wylie. For example, in the novel The Great Disappearance , in which he describes how mankind wakes up one morning and realizes that all representatives of the opposite sex are no longer there (women awaken in a world without men and vice versa).

Another subject of Wylie was fishing . He had been an avid, if often hapless, sport fisherman since his youth, initially in rivers and later on big game fishing off the coast of Miami. His intimate knowledge of the world of the skipper off Florida offered Wylie a solid background for a literary treatment, similar to Hemingway for his novel To Have and Have Not so in 1937. Wylie total wrote from 1939 to 1959 49 stories to Crunch Adams, his boat Poseidon at Sport fishermen hired out, and his mate Des Smith, who go on various, not-too-serious adventures deep-sea fishing in the Gulf Stream . The Crunch & Des stories appeared in the Saturday Evening Post and later became the basis of the television series of the same name. He also influenced John D. MacDonald's Travis McGee, who has some traits of Crunch Adams.

In 1941 Wylie was elected Vice President of the International Game Fish Association (IGFA) and was there for several years responsible for setting the rules of competition in sport fishing and for reviewing claims to world records . Wylie was also interested in marine biology and ecology and was temporarily on the board of directors of the Lerner Marine Laboratory , a research facility of the AMNH in the Bahamas .

One of his articles, Anyone Can Raise Orchids , published in The Saturday Evening Post in 1951, sparked a boom in orchid breeding because it was now engaging not only wealthy people but also amateur gardeners of all income levels.

In 1963 his Janice Wylie, the daughter of his brother Max Wylie, who was also a writer, was murdered together with her roommate Emily Hoffert in New York. The case, known as Career Girls Murders , resulted in the conviction of an innocent man and became one of the major judicial scandals in the United States. The case was the basis for the television film The Marcus-Nelson Murder Case , the pilot of the crime series Kojak .

In 1971 Wylie died at the age of 69. He is buried with his second wife in Rushford , New York . His estate is in the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections at Princeton University Library .

Awards

  • 1953: Freedom Foundation Gold Medal
  • 1959: Henry H. Hyman Memorial Trophy
  • 2002: International Game Fish Association Hall of Fame

Honorary Doctorates from the University of Miami and Florida State University

bibliography

Novels
  • Heavy Load (1928)
  • Babes and Sucklings (1929, also called The Party , 1966)
  • Blondy's Boy Friend (1930, as Leatrice Homesley)
  • Gladiator (1930)
  • Footprint of Cinderella (1931, also as 9 Rittenhouse Square , 1959)
  • The Murderer Invisible (1931)
  • Five Fatal Words (1932, with Edwin Balmer)
  • The Savage Gentleman (1932)
  • When Worlds Collide (1933, with Edwin Balmer)
    • German: When worlds collide. Translated by Else von Hollander-Lossow. Weiss, Berlin-Schöneberg 1959. Also as: Heyne Science Fiction Classics # 3178, 1970.
  • After Worlds Collide (1934, with Edwin Balmer)
    • English: On the new planet: after the collision of the worlds. Translated by Else von Hollander-Lossow. Weiss, Berlin-Schöneberg 1960. Also as: Heyne Science Fiction Classics # 3183, 1970.
  • Finnley Wrenn: A Novel in a New Manner (1934)
  • The Golden Hoard (1934, with Edwin Balmer)
  • As They Reveled (1936)
  • Too Much of Everything (1936)
  • The Shield of Silence (1936, with Edwin Balmer)
  • An April Afternoon (1938)
  • Danger Mansion (1941)
  • The Other Horseman (1942)
  • Corpses at Indian Stones (1943)
  • Opus 21 (1949)
  • The Disappearance (1951)
    • English: The great disappearance. Translated by Edith Gradmann and Rolf Burgauer. Pan-Verlag, Zurich & Stuttgart 1954. Also as: Ullstein Taschenbuch # 189, 1958. Also as: The great disappearance. Translated by Walter Brumm. Heyne Science Fiction # 3148/3149, 1969.
  • Tomorrow! (1954)
  • Triumph (1963)
  • They Were Both Naked (1965)
  • Autumn Romance (1965)
  • A Resourceful Lady (1966)
  • The Spy Who Spoke Porpoise (1969)
  • Los Angeles: AD 2017 (1971, novel version of a television film)
  • The End of the Dream (1972)
    • English: Planet in agony. Translated by KH Schulz. Ullstein Taschenbuch # 3482, 1978, ISBN 3-548-03482-9 .
Collections
  • The Fifth Mystery Book (1944)
  • Night unto Night (1944)
    • German: night after night. Translated by Walter F. Gerlach. Taurus, Hamburg 1951.
  • Selected Short Stories (1946)
  • Three to Be Read (1952, 2 volumes)
  • The Answer (1956)

Crunch & Des:

  • The Big Ones Get Away! (1940)
  • Salt Water Daffy (1941)
  • Fish and Tin Fish: Crunch and Des Strike Back (1944)
  • Crunch and Des: Stories of Florida Fishing (1948)
  • The Best of Crunch and Des (1954)
  • Treasure Cruise and Other Crunch and Des Stories (1956)
  • Crunch & Des: Classic Stories about Saltwater Fishing (1990)
  • Ten Thousand Blunt Instruments and Other Mysteries (2010)
Short stories
  • Seeing New York by Kiddie Car (1926)
  • Westward Hoax (1926)
  • Cartography (1926)
  • Le Sport (1926)
  • Against Dialect (1926)
  • A Cat (1927)
  • New Shoes for Baby (1927)
  • Love Is Blonde (1928)
  • The Coward (1929)
  • Ann Called Six Times (1929)
  • Her Fatal Beauty (1929)
  • The Girl Who Was Afraid (1929)
  • She Couldn't Act (1929)
  • For Love and for Spite (1929)
  • Found— $ 100.00 (1929)
  • Camera! (1929)
  • The Girl at the Red Door (1930)
  • Fire Next Door (1930)
  • Patricia (1930)
  • Darkness (1930)
  • Echo of Heart-Beat (1930)
  • Maid of Manhattan (1930)
  • The Footprint of Cinderella (1931)
  • The Rest Must Perish (1931)
  • She Actually Came from Podunk (1931)
  • Perkins' Second "First Case" (1931)
  • Perkins Takes the Case (1931)
  • Twenty Cigarettes (1931)
  • Thy Neighbor's Wife (1931)
  • Never Question Youth (1931)
  • In a Hole (1931)
  • Interference (1931)
  • Perkins Finds $ 3,400,000 (1931)
  • Agatha's Affairs (1931)
  • The Wild Wallaces (1931)
  • Then He Met Lucy (1931)
  • Sued on All Sides (1931)
  • Angela Blocks a Kick (1931)
  • The Man in Armor (1931)
  • Henry's Emotional Outlet (1932)
  • An International Episode (1932)
  • Angela Regrets an Invitation (1932)
  • The Pink Chemise (1932)
  • Perfect Cast and Setting (1932)
  • The Easy Miracle (1932)
  • The Flying Coed (1932)
  • A Good Wife (1932)
  • Make Way for Marcia (1932)
  • Mad House (1933)
  • Privacy Impossible (1933)
  • A Resourceful Lady (1934)
  • Middle Class (1934)
  • Don't Send Flowers (1934)
  • Death Flies East (1934)
  • Mogu Bogo Gets a Brain Trust (1934)
  • The Ignominious Picnic (1934)
  • What, no harem? (1934)
  • I Found the Bodies (1934)
  • Re-Employment Engineer (1934)
  • Lady Without a Past (1934)
  • The Battling Butler (1935)
  • Emotionally American (1935)
  • Murder at Galleon Key (1935)
  • The Mystery of Galleon Key (1935)
  • Experiment in Barter (1935)
  • Not Easy to Kill (1935)
  • The Trial of Mark Adams (1935)
  • One Love at a Time (1935)
  • Too Much of Everything (1936)
  • Death on the 6/8 (1936)
  • The Paradise Canyon Mystery (1936)
  • Invitation to Murder (1936)
  • Murderers Welcome (1936)
  • The Girl Who Really Got Kissed (1936)
  • Second Honeymoon (1936)
  • Smoke Across the Moon (1937)
  • The Blizzard Murder Case (1937)
  • Puzzle in the Snow (1937)
  • Home from the Hills (1937)
  • Danger Mansion (1937)
  • Murder Takes Wings (1938)
  • James McVane, MD (1938)
  • Profile of a Prodigal (1938)
  • Neither Strong nor Silent (1938)
  • Death Takes a Reno Holiday (1939)
  • It Couldn't Be Murder (1939)
  • Widow Voyage (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • Hooky Line and Sinker (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • Will We Do It All Over Again? (1939)
  • The Old Crawdad (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • The Big Ones Get Away (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • Blowing East (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • There He Blows! (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • The Visiting Fire-Eater (1939, Crunch & Des series)
  • I Haunt a Castle (1939)
  • Crunch Goes Haywire (1940, Crunch & Des series)
  • Fresh-Water Mermaid (1940, Crunch & Des series)
  • Salt-Water Daffy (1940)
  • Away from It All (1940)
  • Light Tackle (1940, Crunch & Des series)
  • No scandal! (1940)
  • The Hex on Mr. Hicks (1940)
  • The Missing Mariners (1940, Crunch & Des series)
  • Spare the Rod (1940)
  • A Man Can Stand So Much (1940)
  • Fifty-Four, Forty and Fight (1940)
  • You Can't Beat Beauty (1940)
  • Hull Down (1941, Crunch & Des series)
  • Fire on the Beach (1941, Crunch & Des series)
  • Black Water (1941)
  • The Expert (1941, Crunch & Des series)
  • Troubled Waters (1941)
  • Fish Bites Man (1941, Crunch & Des series)
  • At Nineteen You're Nothing (1941)
  • The Way of All Fish (1941)
  • Bimini Haul (1941)
  • A Day Off for Desperate (1941)
  • Crunch and the Golden Lure (1942, Crunch & Des series)
  • Reports from a Rookie (1942)
  • Shake-Up Cruise (1942, Crunch & Des series)
  • Three-Time Winner (1942, Crunch & Des series)
  • Girl Comes Home (1942)
  • She Wanted to Be a Hero (1942)
  • A Sales Talk from Sari (1942)
  • One-Legged Gull (1943)
  • Lingerie Lady (1943)
  • The Man Who Had Been Around (1943)
  • Judy Adjudicates (1943)
  • Crunch Catches a Megrim (1943, Crunch & Des series)
  • IQ — Suzie Q. (1943)
  • The Murder at Recluse House (1943)
  • Trophy (1943)
  • The Snarling Santa Claus (1943)
  • Judy Pre-Judges (1943)
  • Stab in the Back (1943)
  • Once Upon a Sunday (1943)
  • The Band Played a Fine Tune (1943)
  • Judy Comes Home with a Hero (1944)
  • War Paint for the Poseidon (1944)
  • Ten Thousand Blunt Instruments (1944)
  • Judy Saves a Marriage (1944)
  • The Shipwreck of Crunch and Des (1944, Crunch & Des series)
  • A Diet of Fish (1944)
  • Beauty and the Poor Fish (1944)
  • Strike Three (1944)
  • Everybody's Got Phobias (1944)
  • Beautiful Rich — and Dumb (1944)
  • Mr. Pike and the Tin Fish (1944)
  • Man Wanted (1944)
  • Off Tackle (1945)
  • Bait for McGillicudy (1945)
  • Fresh Water Nightmare (1945)
  • Infidelity (1945)
  • Too Much Fish for Rugmund (1945)
  • Sea Monster (1945)
  • Perkins' "First Case" (1945, Willis Perkins series)
  • Jungle Journey (1945)
  • No Bitter Wind (1945)
  • The Paradise Crater (1945)
  • A Question of Survival (1945)
  • Passengers (1945)
  • Death Whispers (1945)
  • Blunder (1946)
  • Winter Vacation (1946)
  • Too Much Fish for Ragmund (1946)
  • Time Short, But (1946)
  • Quadruple Threat (1946)
  • Eve and the Sea Serpent (1946)
  • Doc Cutney's Bonefish Marathon (1947)
  • Fair-Caught (1947)
  • By Hook — or Crook (1947)
  • Key Jinx (1948, Crunch & Des series)
  • Sharks Make Good Models (1948)
  • Comrade Casey (1948)
  • Sporting Blood (1948, Crunch & Des series)
  • Experiment in Crime (1949)
  • The Sixth Sense (1949)
  • Smugglers' Cover (1950)
  • Christmas Dinner (1950, Crunch & Des series)
  • The Man Who Loved a Joke (1951, Crunch & Des series)
  • The Smuggled Atom Bomb (1951)
  • Philadelphia phase (1951)
  • Dead Man in the Water (1952)
  • The Bad Luck Kid (1952)
  • Plane Down, Hurricane Area! (1952)
  • Danger at Coral Key (1953)
  • The Affair of the Ardent Amazon (1954)
  • The Answer (1955)
  • Treasure at Tandem Key (1956)
  • East Into Danger (1957)
  • The Girl on Bongo Key (1959)
  • Sailfish, Ho! (1966, Crunch & Des series)
Scripts
  • Island of Lost Souls (1932, with Waldemar Young)
  • The Invisible Man (1933, with RC Sherriff)
  • Murders in the Zoo (1933)
  • The King of the Jungle (1933, with Fred Niblo, Jr.)
  • Death in Paradise Canyon (1936, with Saul Elkins and Norman Foster)
Non-fiction
  • The Army Way: A Thousand Pointers for New Soldiers (1940, with William W. Muir)
  • Generation of Vipers (1942)
  • An Essay on Morals (1947)
  • Denizens of the Deep: True Tales of Deep-Sea Fishing (1953)
  • The Innocent Ambassadors (1957)
  • The Lerner Marine Laboratory at Bimini, Bahamas (1960)
  • The Magic Animal (1968)
    • German: Das Wundertier: The human being seen anew. Translated by Robert Brenner. Econ, Düsseldorf & Vienna 1970, ISBN 3-430-19867-4 .
  • Sons and Daughters of Mom (1971)

Filmography

script
Templates and adaptations
  • 1933: The invisible one
  • 1934: Come On, Marines!
  • 1935: Death Flies East
  • 1937: Fair Warning
  • 1937: Second Honeymoon
  • 1937: Under Suspicion
  • 1938: A gladiator named Hugo
  • 1939: Charlie Chan in Reno
  • 1941: betrothed to death
  • 1942: Springtime in the Rockies
  • 1946: Cinderella Jones
  • 1949: Night Unto Night
  • 1951: Tales of Tomorrow (TV series, episode Blunder )
  • 1951: Judgment Day
  • 1955: Playwrights '56 (TV series, episode The Answer )
  • 1955–1956 Crunch and Des (TV series, 37 episodes)

literature

  • Hans Joachim Alpers , Werner Fuchs , Ronald M. Hahn : Reclam's science fiction guide. Reclam, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-15-010312-6 , p. 464 f.
  • Hans Joachim Alpers, Werner Fuchs, Ronald M. Hahn, Wolfgang Jeschke : Lexicon of Science Fiction Literature. Heyne, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-453-02453-2 , p. 1077 f.
  • Robert Howard Barshay: Philip Wylie: The man and his work. University Press of America, Washington 1979.
  • Clifford P. Bendau: Still Worlds Collide: Philip Wylie and the End of the American Dream. Borgo Press, San Bernardino 1980.
  • Peter A. Brigg: Wylie, Philip (Gordon) . In: James Gunn : The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Viking, New York et al. a. 1988, ISBN 0-670-81041-X , p. 515.
  • Peter A. Brigg: Wylie, Philip (Gordon) . In: Noelle Watson, Paul E. Schellinger: Twentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writers. St. James Press, Chicago 1991, ISBN 1-55862-111-3 , pp. 890-892.
  • John Clute : Wylie, Philip. In: John Clute, Peter Nicholls : The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction . 3rd edition (online edition), version dated August 12, 2018.
  • Don D'Ammassa : Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Facts On File, New York 2005, ISBN 0-8160-5924-1 , p. 426 f.
  • Truman Frederick Keefer: Philip Wylie. Twayne, Boston 1977.
  • Sam Moskowitz: Philip Wylie. In: (ders.): Explorers of the Infinite: Shapers of Science Fiction. World Publishing Co, Cleveland, Ohio 1963, pp. 278-295.
  • Bruce F. Murphy: The Encyclopedia of Murder and Mystery. Palgrave Macmillan, 2001, ISBN 0-312-29414-X , p. 538.
  • Robert Reginald : Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. A Checklist, 1700-1974 with Contemporary Science Fiction Authors II. Gale, Detroit 1979, ISBN 0-8103-1051-1 , p. 1135.
  • Donald H. Tuck : The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy through 1968. Advent, Chicago 1974, ISBN 0-911682-20-1 , pp. 470 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sam Moskowitz: Philip Wylie. In: (ders.): Explorers of the Infinite. Cleveland, Ohio 1963, p. 282.
  2. ↑ Sam Moskowitz: Philip Wylie. In: (ders.): Explorers of the Infinite. Cleveland, Ohio 1963, pp. 278-280.
  3. ↑ Siegel had read Gladiator and discussed it in his fanzine science fiction . See Jess Nevins: The Evolution of the Costumed Avenger: The 4,000-Year History of the Superhero. ABC-Clio, 2017, ISBN 978-1-4408-5484-2 , pp. 202 f ..
  4. ↑ Sam Moskowitz: Philip Wylie. In: (ders.): Explorers of the Infinite. Cleveland, Ohio 1963, p. 283.
  5. ↑ Chris Knowles: Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes. Weiser Books, 2007, ISBN 978-1-57863-406-4 , pp. 80 f.
  6. ↑ Al Williamson, Peter Poplaski: Introduction. In: Alex Raymond: Flash Gordon: Mongo, the Planet of Doom. Kitchen Sink Press, Princeton 1990, ISBN 0-87816-114-7 , p. 5: "Raymond took the basic premise of Philip Wylie's When Worlds Collide, which was being reprinted in Blue Book magazine at the time, and used it as his starting point for adventure. "
  7. ↑ Heather Urbanski: Plagues, Apocalypses and Bug-Eyed Monsters: How Speculative Fiction Shows Us Our Nightmares. McFarland & Co, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7864-2916-5 , p. 29.
  8. ^ H. Bruce Franklin: War Stars: The Superweapon and the American Imagination. University of Massachusetts Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-55849-651-4 , p. 147.
  9. ^ Truman F. Keefer: Philip Wylie. Boston 1978, p. 109.
  10. ↑ Generation of Vipers Loses Its Bite , article by Jonathan Yardley in the Washington Post, July 30, 2005, accessed November 14, 2018.
  11. ↑ In 1941 he put the Philip Wylie Hard Luck Trophy at a sport fishing tournament in Miami for the biggest unlucky person among the participants. See Charlie Courtney: My Favorite Fish Tales. GOFC Newsletter, August 1995, accessed on November 14, 2018.
  12. ↑ Crunch and Des in the Internet Movie Database .
  13. ↑ a b IGFA Hall of Fame
  14. ↑ George Reiger: Profiles in Salt Water Angling.  Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1973.
  15. ^ Susan Orlean: The Orchid Thief. Random House, New York 1998, p. 140.
  16. ^ TJ Deutsch: The Savage City: Race, Murder, and a Generation on the Edge. William Morrow, 2011, ISBN 978-0-06-182455-5 , pp. 25 ff.
  17. ^ The Marcus Nelson murder case in the Internet Movie Database .
  18. ↑ Philip Wylie Papers in the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections at Princeton University Library, accessed November 13, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Wylie, Philip
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wylie, Philip Gordon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 12, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Beverly, Massachusetts, United States
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1971
Place of death Miami , United States