Philipp (Hachberg-Sausenberg)

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Coat of arms of Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg and his wife Marie de Savoie in Neuenburg am See Castle

Margrave Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg - known in France and the Romandie as Philippe de Hochberg - (* 1454 in Neuchâtel ; † September 9, 1503 in Seurre ). Philip ruled 1487–1503 as Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Count of Neuchâtel . Since 1466 he called himself Herr von Badenweiler . He was Grand Chamberlain of France , Governor and Grand Seneschal of Provence and Marshal of Burgundy.

The family

Philipp was the son of Margrave Rudolf IV von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Margaretha von Vienne . He married Mary of Savoy († 1509), the daughter of Amadeus IX. of Savoy and the Yolande of Valois around 1476/78. The French King Charles VIII was a nephew of Philip's mother-in-law. With Maria he had a daughter:

At the side of Charles the Bold

Philippe had been educated at the Burgundian court in Dijon from the age of 12 and Duke Philip the Good was his godfather. Philip's family had possessions in Burgundy from his mother and were feudal relations with the duke. In 1474 he took part in the Burgundian sieges of Neuss and on November 30th 1475 he moved into Nancy , which had been conquered by the Burgundians, in the closest company of Charles the Bold . In 1476 he fought for Charles the Bold in the battles near Grandson and Murten . He was also involved in the battle of Nancy on January 5, 1477 - in which Charles the Bold was slain - and was taken prisoner. He was only released in September 1477 for a ransom of 150,000 guilders, with which he had to pay the highest ransom of all prisoners.

When taking Grandson

The execution of the Bernese garrison of Grandson

The Bernese occupation of the town and castle of Grandson were promised free retreat by the Burgundians. Philipp in particular is said to have exposed himself and thus contributed to the surrender of the crew. Duke Charles the Bold did not keep this promise and had the entire crew of over 400 men executed on February 28, 1476. The federal population demanded revenge and also demanded measures against Philip's father, Rudolf, although he had castle rights in Bern and was in the federal contingent with his Neuchâtel and Röttler subjects. Margrave Rudolf was first placed under house arrest in a Bern inn, but was later allowed to visit his Rötteln castle under Bernese supervision. Philip also took part in the Battle of Grandson on March 2, 1476 on the Burgundian side.

In French service

Division of the Burgundian lands

After the death of Charles the Bold in the Battle of Nancy in 1477 , Margrave Philip of Burgundy turned away and took sides with France , believing that this would allow him to keep his Burgundian possessions, which was still the case after the Peace of Arras (1482) .

The French King Louis XI. 1478 confiscated the goods of the Prince of Orange, John IV of Chalon , and handed the Principality of Orange over to Philippe de Hochberg, who ruled it until it was returned to the House of Chalon in 1482.

In 1484 Philip took part in the coronation of the French King Charles VIII in Reims . In 1489 he became chamberlain and member of the royal council of France. In 1491/1492 he held the post of Grand Chamberlain of France for a short time .

The king liked to use Philip as a negotiator with the confederates. As Marshal of the now French Burgundy and Grand sénéchal de Provence , Philippe de Hochberg , as he was called in France, had an influence on politics there.

In 1493 - after the Treaty of Senlis - Philip lost his possessions in the Free County of Burgundy ( Pontarlier , Vesoul , Faucogney-et-la-Mer ) due to his close connection to the French court , since the Free County was awarded to the Habsburg Philip the Fair in the peace treaty . However, Philippe de Hochberg was appointed governor and grand seneschal of Provence and France by the French king . In 1500 he received from Louis XII. the Lettre de naturalité and became French.

In the Swabian War (1499) France supported the Confederates with its artillery. As Marshal of Burgundy, Philip was Commander-in-Chief of the French Artillery. He organized the transport of 24 large snakes and 8 cartoons including ammunition and service to Solothurn, where they did not arrive until July 26th - after the battle of Dornach . A 600 man strong contingent of the margraviate Hachberg-Sausenberg was in the Swabian War among the troops of the Swabian Federation , with which lord and subjects supported different warring parties.

Construction activity

In August 1494, Philipp took part in the inauguration of the northern extension ("new building") of the palas at his Rötteln castle . The portal of the building has the back of a donkey whose keystone shows Philip's coat of arms (in addition to the Baden shield, this also shows the Neuchâtel coat of arms and his wife's Savoy one ) with the number 1494. He had the south wing built at Château de Neuchâtel .

Death and inheritance dispute

Philip fell seriously ill in July 1503 during a stay in Montpellier and was brought to Seurre , where he made his will on July 31 and died on September 9. Philip's body was buried in the collegiate church in Neuchâtel - his heart was buried on October 15, 1503 in the parish church of Rötteln . A “leaden box” with the inscription “Le coeur de Msgr Le Marquis pbe de Hochberge” was found in September 1783 when the princely graves were opened in the Röttler church. With Philipp, the legitimate male line of the Hachberg-Sausenberg family died out.

Philipp's father, Rudolf, had already started negotiations with the House of Baden about the conclusion of an inheritance contract and Philipp brought these negotiations to a conclusion on August 31, 1490 with Margrave Christoph I of Baden . The contract is known as the "Röttelsches Gemächte". The background to the inheritance contract was the intention to marry a son Christoph I, Philipp von Baden , to the heiress of Hachberg-Sausenberg, Johanna, which, however, failed due to political pressure from the French king.

Johanna von Hochberg

His daughter Johanna became Countess of Neuchâtel after the death of her father and married Ludwig von Orléans in 1504 , who also called himself marquis de Rothelin . After Johanna's death (1543), her son François Marquis de Rothelin also called himself and a grandson Johannas founded the branch line Orléans-Rothelin .

Johanna and the House of Orléans-Longueville tried to challenge the inheritance contract between Christoph I von Baden and Philipp, and they also asked for support from the federal estates of Solothurn , Lucerne , Freiburg im Üechtland and Bern . The dispute was only settled in 1581 with the payment of 225,000 guilders by the House of Baden to the House of Orléans-Longueville. The sideline Orléans-Rothelin nevertheless continued to carry the title of Marquis de Rothelin .

See also

literature

The inheritance contract is printed in the following article:

Web links

Commons : Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Sachs p. 575
  2. ↑ a b s. Since p. 51, note 49
  3. ↑ Gérard Pelot: Les derniers grands feux (?) D'une maison comtoise et bourguignonne: Guillaume de Vienne, Seigneur de Saint-Georges et de Sainte-Croix, 1362-1437 , 2012, Vol. IV, p. 1080
  4. ^ Bernhard Emanuel von Rodt : The campaigns of Charles the Bold and his heirs , Volume 1, Hurter, Schaffhausen 1843, p. 496 digital copy of the ULB Düsseldorf
  5. ↑ Bernhard Emanuel von Rodt : The campaigns of Charles the Bold and his heirs , Volume 2, Hurter, Schaffhausen 1844, p. 417 digitized version of the ULB Düsseldorf
  6. ↑ Bernhard Emanuel von Rodt : The campaigns of Charles the Bold and his heirs , Volume 2, Hurter, Schaffhausen 1844, p. 52 digitized version of the ULB Düsseldorf
  7. ^ Bernhard Emanuel von Rodt : The campaigns of Charles the Bold and his heirs , Volume 2, Hurter, Schaffhausen 1844, p. 104/105 digitized version of the ULB Düsseldorf
  8. ↑ see A. de Pontbriand: Histoire de la principauté d'Orange , 1891, p. 23 digitized from Gallica
  9. ↑ Philip also had coins minted during his brief reign as Prince of Orange; see cgb.fr Numismatist Paris
  10. ↑ s. Anselme de Sainte-Marie: Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, ... , Paris 1733, p. 452 online at gallica
  11. ↑ see about this office in general also the article in the French Wikipedia Grand sénéchal de Provence
  12. ↑ Honoré Bouche: La Chorographie ou Description de Provence et l'histoire chronologique du même pays. Paris 1664, volume II online in the google book search
  13. ↑ see the general article on this term in the French Wikipedia Lettre de naturalité
  14. ↑ Gérard Pelot: Les derniers grands feux (?) D'une maison comtoise et bourguignonne: Guillaume de Vienne, Seigneur de Saint-Georges et de Sainte-Croix, 1362-1437 , 2012, Vol. IV, p. 1081
  15. ↑ s. Front table p. 127
  16. ^ Karl Seith: The position of the Markgräflerland in the war of the empire against the Swiss (Swabian War) i. J. 1499. In: Das Markgräflerland Heft 1/1962, p. 12
  17. ↑ see Jürgen Krüger: Burg Rötteln. Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich, Berlin 2006, p. 25
  18. ↑ Gérard Pelot: Les derniers grands feux (?) D'une maison comtoise et bourguignonne: Guillaume de Vienne, Seigneur de Saint-Georges et de Sainte-Croix, 1362-1437 , 2012, Vol. IV, p. 1085
  19. ↑ s. Huber p. 112
  20. ↑ Georg Philipp Helminger, Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Hitzig, Johann Jakob von Rebstock: Report on the opening of the princely graves in the church of Rötteln from September 1 to 8, 1783. In: Das Markgräflerland Volume 1/2001, pp. 342–349, here p. 344 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  21. ↑ Philip's illegitimate half-brother Olivier was not capable of succession.
  22. ↑ Johannes Staub: The contract of inheritance between Margrave Christoph I of Baden and Margrave Philipp von Hachberg from August 31, 1490 , in: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1991. Schopfheim, 1991
  23. ^ Karl Seith: The castle Rötteln in the course of their master families , A contribution to the history and building history of the castle , special edition published by the Röttelbund eV, Haagen, o. O .; OJ, p. 28
predecessor Office successor
Rudolf IV. Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg
1487–1503 		Christoph I of Baden
Rudolf IV. Count of Neuchâtel
1487–1503 		Johanna von Hochberg
personal data
SURNAME Philip
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hachberg-Sausenberg, Philipp von (full name); Hochberg, Philippe de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg
DATE OF BIRTH 1454
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuchâtel
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1503
Place of death Seurre