Plan S

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Plan S is a strategy for the promotion of open access ( OA ) to scientific findings that were developed with public funds. The project is supported by 18 national and international research funders, as well as the European Commission and the European Research Council .

On September 4, 2018, the association cOAlition S published a strategy that is intended to further advance and accelerate the ongoing structural change in the scientific publication system towards Open Access . To this end, it is mandatory that state-funded research results must be published in open access journals or repositories that are freely accessible to the public from 2021 onwards . Plan S defines the framework under which publications must be made. According to Robert-Jan Smits , who largely designed Plan S, the “S” in Plan S could stand for science, speed, solution, shock (science, speed, solution, shock). "S" is also the first letter of his last name.

Several cOAlition S research sponsors, including those from Norway and the Netherlands, have also announced that, after a transitional period, additional licensing for research publications that have not been published as Open Access will be completely abandoned. cOAlition S was founded by eleven national research sponsors and research organizations and the European Research Council with the aim of achieving full and immediate free access to scientific research via Plan S.

Key points of the Plan S

The framework conditions are defined using 10 key points as follows:

  1. The authors remain the unrestricted copyright holders. All publications must be made under an open license such as Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY . The chosen license must comply with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Scientific Knowledge .
  2. The research funders create criteria and requirements for online services that compatible open access journals and platforms must provide.
  3. For departments in which high-quality open access journals and platforms are not yet available, the research funders coordinate incentives and assistance in creating appropriate offers.
  4. The funding of the open access publication fees should, whenever possible, be provided by the research sponsors and universities and not by individual researchers.
  5. The allocation of publication fees will be standardized and capped.
  6. The research sponsors require universities, research organizations and libraries to standardize the respective open access policies and strategies in the interests of the greatest possible transparency.
  7. These general conditions apply to all types of scientific publication. The timeframe for the full publication of academic books and monographs as Open Access can be delayed until after 2021.
  8. The central role and importance of open archives and repositories for ensuring long-term archiving and as an instrument for innovative further developments is explicitly recorded.
  9. Publication in hybrid open access journals is not permitted.
  10. The research funders check compliance with the framework conditions and issue sanctions in the event of non-compliance.

Coalition members

As of May 22, 2019, members of cOAlition S are 18 national and international research funders, as well as the European Commission, the European Research Council, the World Health Organization and other institutions:

Public support

Concrete implementation guidelines

Robert-Jan Smits , EU Special Representative for Open Access and the driving force behind Plan S, has set up a task force that has drawn up concrete implementation guidelines for the research funders. The specific implementation guidelines were published on November 27, 2018. The task force was led by John-Arne Røttingen, Director of the Research Council of Norway and David Sweeney, Director of United Kingdom Research and Innovation . Included in the development were u. a. also representatives from research institutions, academics, universities, research funders, charities, publishers and civil society.

Transitional provisions

Among other things, transitional provisions were formulated that are valid until 2024 under certain framework conditions. Publishing in hybrid journals remains permitted, provided the journal has a publicly comprehensible business plan to switch to a pure open access journal within a limited time frame of a maximum of three years.

Green way

Publication in any journal is possible at any time, provided that a copy of the article or at least the accepted manuscript is immediately published in parallel in a Plan S-compliant repository (Grüner Weg).

Copyright provisions

Scientific publications must be made under a worldwide, royalty-free and irrevocable license, which allows any further use and processing, including commercial use, without restrictions, provided that the original authors are named accordingly: For the publication of scientific journal articles, the use of the Creative Commons under Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 or the Creative Commons "Share under the same conditions" (CC BY-SA) 4.0 required. Publication in the public domain (CC0) is also open .

Requirements for open access journals and platforms

Mandatory requirements

Magazines and platforms compliant with Plan S may need to a. must meet the following criteria:

  • All scientific content must be immediately and freely accessible to the public without any delay (embargo). Technical restrictions or other forms that restrict immediate access are not permitted.
  • The content must be published under the Creative Commons license under attribution (CC BY) 4.0 or the Creative Commons “Share on equal terms” (CC BY-SA) 4.0. The transfer of copyrights or the complete transfer of the exploitation rights to the publisher is not permitted.
  • The journal / platform must implement review processes that meet the standards of the respective specialist discipline and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The relevant guidelines must be published on the provider's website.
  • The journal must be listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals or currently in the process of being included in the directory.
  • If fees are charged for publication (APCs), authors from countries with a low gross domestic product must be exempted from the fees; discounts must be offered for emerging countries .
  • Use of DOIs .
  • Strategy for long-term archiving of the content (e.g. via LOCKSS / CLOCKSS).
  • High quality metadata under license CC0 (Public Domain), including the number of citations , in a standardized format.
  • Standardized processes for the transmission of data to indexing services such as Pubmed .
  • Machine-readable information about the selected license for the open access publication.
  • Price transparency: the structure of any publication fees must be disclosed and publicly available.

Highly recommended requirements

  • Use of ORCIDs for the standardized and machine-readable identification of authors.
  • Publication of guidelines for secondary publications in the SHERPA / RoMEO database
  • Linking to any original data or programming code in external repositories.
  • Accessibility of the content and all additional materials in machine-readable format (e.g. as XML / JATS ) for text and data mining (TDM) via freely available interfaces .

So-called “mirror journals” are fundamentally not compatible with the requirements of Plan-S. “Mirror journals” are journals in which an almost identical scientific editorship publishes a freely accessible version on the one hand and a version with a paywall on the other . Publications in “mirror journals” are subject to the same transitional provisions as hybrid journals.

Public participation

Until February 8, 2019, interested parties had the opportunity to submit additional suggestions for the guidelines.

Revised implementation guidelines

After the public participation expired, cOAlition S published revised implementation guidelines on May 31, 2019. The timeframe for the mandatory implementation was extended by one year from 2020 to 2021. The time frame for converting existing journals to open access publications was also extended to the end of 2024 as part of a transition agreement.

The feedback from public participation was analyzed and the existing implementation guidelines specified. So z. For example, the publication of scientific work under restrictive licenses such as CC BY-ND (no processing / no derivatives) and CC BY-NC (no commercial use / non-commercial) is explicitly excluded. A publication under the liberal Creative Commons license CC BY (attribution) is adhered to to enable text and data mining as well as the use of scientific knowledge for the development of (commercial) drugs and vaccines. In order to take into account the concerns of the humanities and cultural sciences, cOAlition S recommends that research funding agencies allow individual exceptions for publication under CC BY-ND as part of a transitional solution upon request.

Reactions

Reactions after the initial publication of the framework conditions

The publication of Plan S provoked numerous and controversial reactions worldwide. On the same day, a commentary on Plan S appeared in the English-language journal Nature . The publisher Springer Nature urged research funding agencies to coordinate such initiatives worldwide and not to approach them as small groups. The American Association for the Advancement of Science has criticized Plan S as being detrimental to the publication of high quality, peer-reviewed scientific publications.

On September 4th, the Swiss National Science Foundation published a statement in which it announced its basic support for Plan S. According to the sociologist , library and information scientist Ulrich Herb , Plan S increases the pressure on publishers' pricing policies and could stimulate the open access movement. Journalist George Monbiot quoted in The Guardian Elsevier "If you think that information should not cost anything, go to Wikipedia" and countered by stating that this statement inadvertently reminded of the demise of the then established encyclopedias.

Tim Vines outlined in the publication organ of the Society for Scholarly Publishing a “Plan T” using “submission fees” as an alternative publishing strategy to the publication fees (Article Processing Charge) of Open Access, in order to simultaneously find a solution for high-quality academic Open Access Run magazines without having to resort to high publication fees.

On September 12, 2018, UBS confirmed a sell recommendation for shares in Elsevier (RELX). Elsevier shares lost 13% in value between August 28 and September 19, 2018 alone.

The Academy of Finland joined the cOAlition S on September 24, 2018 as the twelfth active member and signed the objectives of Plan S.

On September 24, 2018, three associations of researchers, the Eurodoc , the Marie Curie Alumni Association and the Young Academy of Europe (YAE), welcomed the objective of Plan S in a public statement to ensure full and immediate open access for scientific publications from 1 September 2018 January 2020.

Plan S received further support from the European University Association (EUA) , the League of European Research Universities (LERU) and the Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche (LIBER) .

On September 27, 2018, the Association of German Art Historians issued a statement on issues that were open to the subject of art history, particularly in the case of publications containing works protected by copyright (e.g. images).

On October 2, 2018, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) announced that it supported Plan S, but had not yet signed it at the moment.

On October 8, 2018, the Nordic University Association (NUS) announced support for Plan S. The Nordic University Association includes the universities of Denmark, Finland (UNIFI), Iceland, Norway and the Association of Swedish Higher Education Institutions (SUHF).

On October 9, 2018, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (Forte) joined COAlition S as the 13th member.

On October 15, 2018, the Global Young Academy (GYA), the international association of young scientists, welcomed Plan S and issued a position paper on the opportunities and risks of concrete implementation.

On October 18, 2018, the Cambridge University Press published a public position on Plan S and criticized the fact that, in contrast to the Finch Report from 2012, in which extensive hearings were carried out, Plan S formulated the specifications directly from the research funders become.

The Young European Research Universities Network (YERUN), a university alliance consisting of 18 universities from 12 EU countries, welcomed Plan S on October 18, 2018.

On October 19, 2018, the Advisory Board of the Fair Open Access Alliance published concrete recommendations for the announced and ongoing detailed elaboration of Plan S for the end of 2018. Peter Suber , member of the Advisory Board of the Fair Open Access Alliance, professor of the Philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond , Indiana and one of the leading players in the open access movement.

On October 25, 2018, DARIAH-EU published a position paper endorsing the main objectives of Plan S. DARIAH formulated additional recommendations for the concrete implementation of Plan S, which should take into account the needs of the humanities and cultural studies . In its present form, Plan S unilaterally takes into account the situation in the STEM (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics) area. The DARIAH network (Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities) includes 17 European member states and a further 8 countries as cooperation partners. DARIAH-DE is part of the European network.

On November 5, 2018, the Wellcome Trust and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they would implement Plan S. The world's two largest foundations in the field of research funding are thus committed to the objectives of Plan S. On November 9, 2018, the Swedish Riksbankens Anniversary Fund (RJ) joined the cOAlition S.

Around 1,500 researchers formulated in an open and controversial letter concerns about the fair OpenAccess Alliance criticized in a counter-opinion that the open letter posed by false pretenses and logical consequences of the implementation of the plan page fallacies prefer.

On November 12, 2018, EU-Life backed the objectives of the Plan-S. EU-Life is an association of 13 European research institutions and represents over 4000 researchers.

On November 16, 2018, the British Academy published a statement from the point of view of the humanities , welcomed Plan S in general terms and formulated recommendations for its concrete elaboration. Concerns were expressed in particular with regard to the requirements for excluding hybrid journals.

The US Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is considering revising and tightening the existing guidelines for the publication of results of state-funded research as Open Access. The COAlition S has received invitations for further discussions with government representatives from South Africa , India , China and Japan .

Reactions after publication of the implementation guidelines

On November 28, 2018, after the specific implementation guidelines had been published, an open letter in support of Plan S was published, which has already been signed by around 1,800 researchers worldwide.

On November 28, 2018, the journal Epidemiology & Infection published by Cambridge University Press announced the change to a full open access journal from January 1, 2019 and explicitly referred to a. on plan S.

On December 4, 2018, 113 institutions from 37 nations and 5 continents signed a joint statement of support for the core principles of OA2020 , Plan S and the Jussieu Appeal for Open Science and Bibliodiversity.

On December 5, 2018, it was announced that the Ministry of Science and Technology in China is supporting the objectives of Plan S. Xiaolin Zhang, chairman of the strategic committee of the National Science and Technology Library (NSTL) of the Ministry of Science and Technology, stressed that the idea that open access would not play a role in China is completely absurd. He announced that the Chinese government would in future urge researchers to publish scientific work immediately and freely as open access. With China, the support of Plan S is taking on international dimensions. China has published the largest number of scientific articles worldwide since 2018 and has overtaken the USA in terms of volume.

On December 10, 2018, the Society of German Chemists (GDCh) published a statement, basically committed to the principle of Open Access, but expressed a. Concerns that established journals such as the journal Angewandte Chemie published by the GDCh at Wiley-Verlag or the Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS Publications) would no longer be available for the publication of funded specialist articles. In its criticism, the GDCh explicitly refers to the "freedom of the researcher" and rejects the obligation to place work under a liberal and open license such as CC-BY, the exclusion of hybrid journals, and the threatened sanctions for non-compliance, also against the background of the in Germany applicable basic law (§ 5 Abs. 3 GG: "Art and science, research and teaching are free"). In its assessment, the GDCh explicitly assumed that broad international participation in Plan S, especially in research-intensive regions such as America and Asia, was not to be expected. On January 15, 2019, the DEAL project reached an agreement with Wiley that publications by researchers at project DEAL institutions will in future be published as Open Access in Wiley journals.

On January 17, 2019, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) in England announced its official support for the objectives of Plan S and announced that it would adjust its research funding guidelines accordingly. The National Institute for Health Research is Europe's largest clinical research funder, with an annual budget of over £ 1 billion .

On February 12, 2019, it was announced that India would sign Plan S. Taking China and India into account, 20% to 30% of the worldwide publication volume in the research area is therefore subject to the principles of Plan S. At the beginning of 2019, Zambia and Jordan had already signed Plan S.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Plan S: Principles and Implementation. cOAlition S. May 31, 2019, accessed on June 1, 2019 (English).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Holly Else: Radical open-access plan could spell end to journal subscriptions. Nature . September 4, 2018, accessed on September 23, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b c d National Research Funding Organizations Participating in cOAlition S. (PDF) ScienceEurope. October 9, 2018, accessed October 10, 2018 (PDF).
  4. ↑ a b c d Richard Van Noorden: Wellcome and Gates join bold European open-access plan. Nature . November 5, 2018, accessed November 5, 2018 .
  5. ↑ 'Plan S' and 'cOAlition S' - Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications - European Commission ( en ) September 4, 2018. Accessed September 15, 2018.
  6. ↑ ERC Scientific Council joins new effort to push for full open access (en) . In: ERC: European Research Council , September 3, 2018. Accessed September 15, 2018. 
  7. ↑ a b RJ ansluter sig till Plan S. 9 November 2018, accessed on 13 November 2018 (Swedish).
  8. ↑ Vinnova, Sweden's Innovation Agency, Joins cOAlition S. News - cOAlition S. May 22, 2019, accessed on May 27, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e India agrees to sign up to Plan S. researchresearch.com. February 12, 2019, accessed on February 12, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b Holly Else: Finland joins Europe's bold open-access push. Nature . September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 28, 2018 .
  11. ^ World Health Organization and TDR Join cOAlition S to Support Free and Immediate Access to Health Research. coalition-s.org. August 29, 2019, accessed August 30, 2019 .
  12. ^ WHO and TDR join coalition for free digital access to health research. www.who.int. August 29, 2019, accessed August 30, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Aligning Science Against Parkinson's (ASAP) Joins cOAlition p. September 26, 2019, accessed on September 26, 2019 .
  14. ^ Statement by the DFG on the establishment of "cOAlition S" to support Open Access. German Research Foundation. September 4, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  15. ↑ a b Free access to publications: The SNSF supports the European Plan S. Swiss National Science Foundation . September 4, 2018, accessed September 23, 2018 .
  16. ^ Federal Minister Faßmann for Open Access. meinungsbarometer.info. September 24, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  17. ↑ "The transfer to open access should take place as soon as it is possible". Swedish Research Council. September 4, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Portugal and FCT'S position towards Plan S. Portugese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). October 2, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  19. ↑ LIBER Supports New Plan to Make Open Access A Reality By 2020. LIBER. September 4, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  20. ↑ Accelerating the transition to full and immediate Open Access to scientific publications: LERU's reaction to Plan S. LERU. Accessed November 26, 2018 .
  21. ↑ Response to Science Europe's Open Access plan. EMBO. September 4, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  22. ↑ EU-LIFE reacts to Plan S: Support to Open Access and 10 key recommendations. EU-Life. November 12, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  23. ↑ Internationale coalitie wil versnelling Open Access. ZoneMw. September 4, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  24. ↑ EUA position: Open Access by 2020: EUA supports Plan S for an open scholarly system. (PDF) EUA. September 2018, accessed on November 26, 2018 .
  25. ↑ a b c Press Release: Researchers Support Open Access via Plan S. Eurodoc . September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2018 .
  26. ↑ New coalition of European funders join together to place unprecedented mandate on researchers to publish OA. September 5, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  27. ↑ COAR's response to Plan p. September 12, 2018, accessed on November 26, 2018 (English).
  28. ^ Building a Sustainable Knowledge Commons. COAR's response to the draft implementation requirements in Plan S. December 13, 2018, accessed on December 13, 2018 .
  29. ↑ The Fair Open Access Alliance (FOAA) on Plan p. 19 September 2018, accessed on 26 November 2018 (English).
  30. ^ A b Young European Research Universities Network : YERUN Position Statement on Plan. October 18, 2018, accessed October 20, 2018 .
  31. ↑ OASPA Offers Support on the Implementation of Plan p. October 2, 2018, accessed on November 26, 2018 (English).
  32. ↑ a b DARIAH-EU: Towards a Plan (HS) S: DARIAH's position on the plan. Announcement on the DARIAH-EU website. October 25, 2018, accessed October 27, 2018 .
  33. ↑ Plan S: A European Open Access Mandate. October 5, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  34. ↑ F1000 supports EC's plan for full and immediate open access (Plan S). September 4, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  35. ↑ a b Final Statement of the 14th Berlin Open Access Conference. December 4, 2018, accessed December 5, 2018 .
  36. ↑ a b Expression of interest in the large-scale implementation of Open Access to scholarly journals. List of signatories. December 4, 2018, accessed December 5, 2018 .
  37. ↑ a b c d Antoaneta Roussi: China backs Plan S. researchresearch.com. December 5, 2018, accessed December 5, 2018 .
  38. ↑ Systemic reforms and further consultation needed to make Plan S a success. December 12, 2018, accessed December 12, 2018 .
  39. ↑ Supporting Plan S, a model making research accessible & advancing science globally. January 11, 2019, accessed January 12, 2019 .
  40. ↑ a b NIHR gives support to international Open Access initiative. January 17, 2019, accessed on January 17, 2019 .
  41. ↑ a b c d e cOAlition S: Guidance on the Implementation of Plan S. (PDF) November 27, 2018, accessed on November 27, 2018 (English, PDF).
  42. ↑ a b cOAlition S: cOAlition S Adopts Implementation Guidance on Plan p. November 22, 2018, accessed on November 22, 2018 (English).
  43. ^ Holly Else: Mr Smits goes to Washington. Architect of bold European open-access plan hopes to garner US support. Nature . October 4, 2018, accessed October 4, 2018 .
  44. ↑ Holly Else: Funders flesh out details of Europe's bold open-access plan. Nature . November 27, 2018, accessed November 27, 2018 .
  45. ↑ Public Feedback on the Guidance on the Implementation of Plan S. Accessed on January 14, 2019 (English).
  46. ^ Rationale for the Revisions Made to the Plan S Principles and Implementation Guidance. cOAlition S. May 31, 2019, accessed on June 1, 2019 (English).
  47. ^ Ashley Yeager: Open Access Plan in Europe Bans Publishing in Paywalled Journals . In: The Scientist . September 4, 2018, ISSN  0890-3670 ( online ).
  48. ↑ Ralf Krauter : European sponsors want to cap publication fees. “Plan S” for Open Access movement. Ulrich Herb in conversation with Ralf Krauter. Deutschlandfunk . September 5, 2018, accessed September 23, 2018 .
  49. ^ George Monbiot: Scientific publishing is a rip-off. We fund the research - it should be free. The Guardian . September 13, 2018, accessed September 23, 2018 .
  50. ↑ Tim Vines: Plan T: Scrap APCs and Fund Open Access with Submission Fees. Scholarly Kitchen. September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
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  52. ↑ Richard Smith: Film. The business of academic publishing: "a catastrophe" . In: The Lancet . tape 392 , no. 10152 , October 6, 2018, p. 1186-1187 (English, online ).
  53. ^ A b Academy of Finland supports Plan S. Academy of Finland . September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018 .
  54. ^ Statement by the Association of German Art Historians eV on the Open Access strategy of cOAlition S (so-called Plan S of September 4, 2018). September 27, 2018, accessed December 13, 2018 .
  55. ↑ Antoaneta Roussi and Craig Nicholson: Lead developers of open-access Plan S named. October 2, 2018, accessed October 5, 2018 .
  56. ^ The Association of Swedish Higher Education Institutions: Endorsement of Plan p. October 8, 2018, accessed October 10, 2018 .
  57. ^ The Association of Swedish Higher Education Institutions: Det nordiska universitetssamarbetet (NUS). Retrieved October 10, 2018 (Swedish).
  58. ↑ ScienceEurope: cOAlitionS is pleased to welcome forteforskning as it's 13th member. Tweet. October 10, 2018, accessed October 11, 2018 .
  59. ↑ Opportunities and Challenges for implementing Plan S. The View of Young Academies. (PDF) Global Young Academy. October 15, 2018, accessed October 15, 2018 (PDF).
  60. ↑ Janet Finch: Accessibility, sustainability, excellence: how to expand access to research publications. Report of the Working Group on Expanding Access to Published. Research Findings. June 2012, accessed on October 19, 2018 .
  61. ↑ Cambridge University Press issues public statement on Plan p. October 18, 2018, accessed on October 19, 2018 .
  62. ↑ FOAA Board recommendations for the implementation of Plan S. (PDF) Fair Open Access Alliance. October 19, 2018, accessed October 19, 2018 .
  63. ↑ DARIAH-EU: Towards a Plan (HS) S: DARIAH's position on PlanS. (PDF) Position paper. October 25, 2018, accessed on October 27, 2018 (English, PDF).
  64. ↑ DARIAH-EU: Members and Cooperating Partners. Retrieved October 27, 2018 .
  65. ↑ Gerard Meijer: Science should not pay for overpaid CEOs of academic publishers. ScienceGuide. November 15, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018 .
  66. ^ Richard Van Noorden: Arguments over European open-access plan heat up. Nature. November 12, 2018, accessed November 14, 2018 .
  67. ↑ The Open Letter: Reaction of Researchers to Plan S: too far, too risky. A response from the Fair Open Access Alliance. (PDF) Fair Open Access Alliance. November 16, 2018, accessed November 17, 2018 .
  68. ↑ EU-LIFE reacts to Plan S: Support to Open Access and 10 key recommendations. November 12, 2018, accessed November 14, 2018 .
  69. ^ British Academy : Science Europe's Plan S: making it work for all researchers. A commentary by the British Academy. (PDF) November 16, 2018, accessed on November 16, 2018 .
  70. ^ A b David Kramer: Open access at a crossroads. Physics Today . October 11, 2018, accessed October 11, 2018 .
  71. ^ Michael Eisen: Open Letter in Support of Funder Open Publishing Mandates. November 29, 2018, accessed December 1, 2018 .
  72. ↑ Richard Van Noorden: Researchers sign petition backing plans to end paywalls. Nature . December 4, 2018, accessed December 4, 2018 .
  73. ^ Norman Noah: Epidemiology & Infection goes open access. Epidemiology & Infection. November 28, 2018, accessed December 2, 2018 .
  74. ↑ Quirin Schiermeier: China backs bold plan to tear down journal paywalls. Nature . December 5, 2018, accessed December 14, 2018 .
  75. ↑ Rachael Pells: Chinese support for Plan S "major blow" to opponents. Times Higher Education . December 17, 2018, accessed December 17, 2018 .
  76. ↑ Jeff Tollefson: China declared world's largest producer of scientific articles. Nature . January 18, 2018, accessed December 17, 2018 .
  77. ↑ Karin J. Schmitz: Statement by the Society of German Chemists on Plan p. December 10, 2018, accessed on December 14, 2018 .
  78. ↑ Wiley and project DEAL signed agreement. University Rectors' Conference . January 15, 2019, accessed January 17, 2019 .