Poppenburg (noble family)
The genealogy and origin of the Counts von Poppenburg is not known. According to the latest research, his origins must be included in the politics of Emperor Heinrich IV when noble families from southern Germany came to the Saxon region . In the preface to the Sachsenspiegel , “those of Poppenburg” are named among the noble families who moved from southern Swabia to old Saxony. The name Beringar - one of the Counts of Poppenburg - which is unusual in Saxon circles, also suggests Swabian origins.
The beginnings
The first written references to the County of Poppenburg go back to the beginning of the 12th century; At that time there were written references to the comites de Poppenburg (German: Counts of Poppenburg) in Hildesheim documents .
After the transfer of county rights by the Diocese of Hildesheim , the Counts of Poppenburg called themselves . In Saxony in the 12th century, instead of naming it after the Gau (here: Ostfalengau ), it was customary to name it after the castle that owned it. Despite the name Comes (Count), the Poppenburgers are not dealing with Counts of a county in the sense of land law . The villages of the county belonged to different districts that since 1068 the Bishopric of Hildesheim were assigned. The castle and the surrounding villages were thus Hildesheim fiefs ; in documents of the diocese the counts are rightly referred to as Laici inheneficiati . The other feudal holdings of the counts in farms and lands extended as free float to the Diocese of Halberstadt and to the west as far as the Diocese of Minden . However, the counts did not succeed in increasing their own property, acquiring new villages and developing the area into an imperial county.
The Poppenburg was enfeoffed because the Counts of Poppenburg were loyal to the Staufers and, as a large Swabian family, had a respected position.
Through marriage, the Counts of Poppenburg had close family ties to the Counts of Oldenburg , Hallermund , the nobles of Hohenbüchen and the knights of Schwanebeck .
In addition to the castle and the county, which the Counts of Poppenburg carried as fiefs from the Hildesheim bishop , they also owned fiefs from the Dukes of Braunschweig . So they were drawn into the dispute between the bishops of Hildesheim and Heimrich the Lion of Braunschweig. The conflict and conflict of interest split the Count Poppenburg family as well as other noble families of the time. An example of this are the events of Easter in 1169 (see below).
history
It is known from the noble family that in 1068/69 Count Friedrich, together with his son Konrad, owned the Arin and Gudingau and in 1141 another Friedrich and Beringar von Poppenburg were together the first counts of Poppenburg mentioned in a document.
An Albert von Poppenburg has come down to us for 1155 to 1180 , father of Bernhard, Johann and Sophie von Poppenburg. He married the daughter of Count Christian von Oldenburg . Sophie belonged to the Quedlinburg Abbey as a capellan . Bernhard's life is mentioned in documents in 1160 and 1230. Some sources assume that he was a son of Beringar, other sources assume that the two were brothers.
Around 1161 this Beringar married the daughter of Vice-Dominus Bernhard von Wassel and thus became brother-in-law of Bishop Hermann von Hildesheim . With this, Beringar and Friedrich von Poppenburg celebrated Easter together in 1169 and settled property matters of the Godehard monastery in Hildesheim, while Bernhard von Poppenburg together with respected counts in Gittelde - including the vice-dominus Konrad II. Von Wassel , the counts of Wöltingerode , the lords of Ricklingen , Meinersen , Mahner , von Saldern and Königsdahlum - celebrated Easter with Duke Heinrich the Lion . In 1180, however, the Poppenburgs, together with the Counts of Wohldenberg , Adalbert von Everstein and Arnold Dorstadt, were loyal to Bishop Adelog of Hildesheim against Heinrich the Lion , as they participated in the spring synod in Hildesheim. In the following years, the counts took up church offices, so Beringar was provost of the Kreuzstiftes from 1173 to 1182 , today's St. Andrew's Church in Hildesheim, Johann worked from 1175 to 1195 as a canon in the same city, and in 1181 Bernhard was appointed Vogt des Used in Hildesheim.
In 1188 Albert von Poppenburg returned the salt works in Swalenhusen near Hemmendorf to the Amelungsborn monastery in order to cover the travel expenses for his planned participation in the Third Crusade . In May 1189 this Albert broke together with the Counts of Blankenburg , Geldern , Oldenburg and Hallermund and another 1000 knights under the leadership of Landgrave Ludwig III. of Thuringia together with Saxon, Bremen and Oldenburg crusaders from Weserhafen Blexen on this crusade. From August 1189 to July 1191 he took part in the siege of Acre in the north of what is now the State of Israel , but died soon afterwards on September 14th in Apulia . An entry in the Amelungsborn monastery necrology announces his death and asks the monks to pray on the day of his death .
His son Bernhard from Wennigsen , also called Bernhard von Poppenburg, was also financially affected by the death of his father, as the loot he had hoped for did not materialize and instead considerable costs must have arisen in the years 1199 to 1206. He notarised Albert von Poppenburg's renunciation in 1188 of the administration of the salt works in Swalenhusen that had been transferred from the Amelungsborn Abbey, which had financed his participation in the Third Crusade. This message about Wennigsen, which we have only received in a copy of the 13th century in the copial book of the Amelungsborn monastery, is in a document from Hartbert von Hildesheim , Bishop of Hildesheim from 1199 to 1216.
Bernhard sold his share of Poppenburg back to the Hildesheim bishop from 1215 to 1217, founded the county of Spiegelberg and built Spiegelberg Castle near Lauenstein . At least since 1217, Bernhard von Poppenburg called himself von Spiegelberg . It is believed that Bernhard founded the Wennigsen Monastery on the Deister around the year 1215, at the same time as the Spiegelburg . He will have given his property in Wennigsen to the church for the foundation of a monastery. Konrad I von Rüdenberg , Bishop of Minden from 1209 to 1236, had established an Augustinian convent with these funds - just like in Barsinghausen . In 1226, Spiegelberg Castle went under, probably after a feud between the noblemen of Homburg and the Counts of Spiegelberg.
After the sale of Bernhard's share from 1215 to 1217, the remaining half of Poppenburg and the county remained in the hands of Count Friedrich, who came from a subsidiary line and was reported by Hildesheim documents from 1184 to 1221, but nothing else is known. Around 1210 his son Wedekind or Widukind was born, the last descendant of the Poppenburg counts. At the age of twenty Wedekind transferred goods to the Lamspringe monastery in Elze in the presence of twelve ministerials at the Poppenburg , thereby contributing to the heyday of the monastery there. In 1243 he married Oda von Hohenbüchen and in 1260 received a fiefdom from Otto I. von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , the bishop of Hildesheim 1260-1279, castle, town and county of Peine . As a result, Peine finally belonged to the sphere of influence of the Diocese of Hildesheim and at the same time became a market place . Wedekind finally died in 1275 without leaving any biological heirs. The following year his wife Oda von Hohenbüchen also died. According to the legal situation at the time, the castle and the county fell to the sovereign, the bishop of Hildesheim, Otto I. von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
Coat of arms and seal
The seal impressions of the early Counts of Poppenburg have not survived. Some documents with attached seals were destroyed in the main state archive in Hanover during the Second World War . Careless handling of the younger counts' wax seals made the inscription illegible.
The oldest seal of the Counts of Poppenburg is preserved in a document from the Obernkirchen Abbey from 1229. It is the seal of Count Bernhard, who named himself from 1217 after his newly built castle of Spiegelberg . The seal shows three five-petalled roses on a cross band in the round shield and shows Bernardu ... Poppenhor ... on the inscription .
Count Wedekind's seals are numerous and well preserved and show five five-petalled roses in a three-to-two distribution on two transverse ribbons in the triangular shield. The inscription on a coat of arms from 1248 reads Sigill Widekini Comi de Poppenburegh , on the renewed seal in later years Sigillum Widekini de Poppenborg .
The coat of arms of Burgstemmen shows the five five-petalled roses of the Counts of Poppenburg on two transverse bands.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Genealogy Middle Ages on June 17, 2006
- ^ A b c Margret Zimmermann / Hans Kensche: Burgen und Schlösser im Hildesheimer Land , 1st edition Hildesheim: Lax, 1998, p. 127 ISBN 3-8269-6280-X
- ↑ a b c d Burgstemmen History of Castle and County Burgstemmen: History of Castle and County ( Memento from January 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) on January 22, 2007
- ↑ Origin of the place names and their meaning ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on June 3, 2006
- ↑ List of the Bishops of Hildesheim and the Hildesheim Episcopal Press Office ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on November 20, 2005, p. 31
- ↑ 750 years of Wennigsen 1200 - 1950 , published by the preparatory committee for the 750th anniversary of the Wennigsen community, printed in 1950 by the Hannover Book Printing Workshop, p. 8
- ↑ Helga Brand: History of the city (and office) Peine (accessed on August 21, 2015)
