List of FFH habitat types
All habitat types occurring in Europe in accordance with Annex I of the Habitats Directive are listed below.
Annex I of the Habitats Directive lists natural and semi-natural habitats of community interest, for the conservation of which special protected areas are to be designated in the Natura 2000 network . Of the different habitat types, 91 are found in Germany and 72 in Austria.
The preceding number corresponds to the EU code of the habitat types according to the Habitats Directive, the name corresponds to the original name of the latest version of Annex I of the Habitats Directive of December 20, 2006.
in column 2 * = priority habitat types: these are threatened with disappearing and the European Community has a special responsibility for its preservation because its main area of distribution is in Europe
| EU code |
* | Habitat type (official name) | Occurrence in Germany |
Occurrence in Austria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LIVING SPACES IN COASTAL AREAS AND HALOPHYTIC VEGETATION | |||
| 11 | Marine waters and intertidal zones | |||
| 1110 | Sandbanks with only weak permanent flooding by sea water | X | ||
| 1120 | * | Posidonia - seagrass meadows (Posidonion oceanicae) | ||
| 1130 | Estuaries | X | ||
| 1140 | Vegetation-free silt, sand and mixed mud flats | X | ||
| 1150 | * | Coastal lagoons (beach lakes) | X | |
| 1160 | Shallow, large inlets and bays (shallow water zones and sea grass meadows ) | X | ||
| 1170 | Reefs | X | ||
| 1180 | Submarine structures created by gas leaks | |||
| 12 | Rocky coasts and pebble beaches | |||
| 1210 | Annual flushing hems | X | ||
| 1220 | Perennial vegetation of the pebble beaches | X | ||
| 1230 | Atlantic rocky coasts and Baltic Sea rocky and steep coasts with vegetation | X | ||
| 1240 | Mediterranean rocky coasts with vegetation with endemic Limonium species | |||
| 1250 | Macaronesian rocky coasts with endemic plant species | |||
| 13 | Atlantic salt marshes and meadows as well as inland salt marshes and meadows | |||
| 1310 | Pioneer vegetation with Salicornia and other annual species on mud and sand (Quellerwatt) | X | ||
| 1320 | Silt grass stocks ( Spartinion maritimae ) | X | ||
| 1330 | Atlantic salt marshes (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae) | X | ||
| 1340 | * | Inland salt marshes | X | |
| 14th | Salt marshes and meadows of the Mediterranean and the temperate Atlantic | |||
| 1410 | Mediterranean salt marshes (Juncetalia maritimi) | |||
| 1420 | Queller mudflats of the Mediterranean and temperate Atlantic regions (Sarcocornetea fruticosae) | |||
| 1430 | Halo-nitrophilic scrub (Pegano-Salsoletea) | |||
| 15th | Halophilic and gypsophilic inland steppes | |||
| 1510 | * | Mediterranean salt marshes (Limonietalia) | ||
| 1520 | * | Iberian plaster steppes (Gypsophiletalia) | ||
| 1530 | * | Pannonian salt steppes and salt marshes | X | |
| 16 | Archipelagos, coasts and uplift areas of the Boreal Baltic States | |||
| 1610 | Esker ( moraine ) islands of the Baltic States with sand, rock or gravel beach - vegetation and sublittoral vegetation | |||
| 1620 | Small and tiny islands of the Boreal Baltic States | |||
| 1630 | * | Coastal meadows of the Boreal Baltic States | ||
| 1640 | Sandy beaches with perennial vegetation of the boreal Baltic region | |||
| 1650 | Small, narrow bays in the boreal Baltic region | |||
| 2 | DUNES ON THE SEA COAST AND INLAND | |||
| 21st | Dunes on the coasts of the Atlantic and the North and Baltic Seas | |||
| 2110 | Primary dunes | X | ||
| 2120 | White dunes with beach grass Ammophila arenaria | X | ||
| 2130 | * | Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ( gray dunes ) | X | |
| 2140 | * | Decalcified dunes with Empetrum nigrum | X | |
| 2150 | * | Fixed decalcified dunes of the Atlantic zone (Calluno-Ulicetea) | X | |
| 2160 | Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides | X | ||
| 2170 | Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae) | X | ||
| 2180 | Forested dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal regions | X | ||
| 2190 | Moist dune valleys | X | ||
| 21A0 | Machair (* in Ireland) | |||
| 22nd | Dunes on the Mediterranean coast | |||
| 2210 | Fixed dunes in the coastal area with Crucianellion maritimae | |||
| 2220 | Dunes with Euphorbia terracina | |||
| 2230 | Malcolmietalia dune grass | |||
| 2240 | Brachypodietalia dune grass with annuals | |||
| 2250 | * | Mediterranean coastal dunes with juniper Juniperus spp. | ||
| 2260 | Dunes with hard -leaf vegetation of the Cisto-Lavenduletalia | |||
| 2270 | * | Dune forests of Pinus pinea and / or Pinus pinaster | ||
| 23 | Inland dunes (old and decalcified) | X | ||
| 2310 | Dry sandy heaths with Calluna and Genista | X | ||
| 2320 | Dry sandy heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum | X | ||
| 2330 | Dunes with open grass areas with Corynephorus and Agrostis | X | ||
| 2340 | * | Pannonian inland dunes | X | |
| 3 | FRESHWATER LIVING SPACES | |||
| 31 | Standing waters | |||
| 3110 | Oligotrophic , very weakly mineral waters of the sand plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae) | X | ||
| 3120 | Oligotrophic, very weakly mineral waters mostly on sandy soils of the western Mediterranean area with Isoëtes spp. | |||
| 3130 | Oligo- to mesotrophic standing water with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and / or the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea | X | X | |
| 3140 | Oligo- to mesotrophic calcareous waters with benthic vegetation of chandelier algae | X | X | |
| 3150 | Natural eutrophic lakes with magnopotamion or hydrocharition vegetation | X | X | |
| 3160 | Dystrophic lakes and ponds | X | X | |
| 3170 | * | Temporary shallow Mediterranean waters | ||
| 3180 | Temporary water-bearing karst lakes ( turloughs ) | X | ||
| 3190 | Gypsum karst lakes on gypsum-based subsoil | X | ||
| 31A0 | * | Transylvanian hot springs with tiger lotus formations (Nymphaea lotus) | ||
| 32 | Running waters - Sections of watercourses with natural or near-natural dynamics (small, medium and large running waters), the water quality of which does not show any significant impairment | X | ||
| 3210 | Natural rivers of Fennoscandia | |||
| 3220 | Alpine rivers with herbaceous bank vegetation | X | X | |
| 3230 | Alpine rivers with riparian trees of Myricaria germanica | X | X | |
| 3240 | Alpine rivers with wood on the banks of Salix elaeagnos | X | X | |
| 3250 | Permanent Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum | |||
| 3260 | Rivers of the planar to montane level with vegetation of the Ranunculion fluitantis and the Callitricho-Batrachion | X | X | |
| 3270 | Rivers with mud banks with Chenopodion rubri pp and Bidention pp vegetation | X | X | |
| 3280 | Permanent Mediterranean rivers: Paspalo agrostidion and gallery forests from Salix and Populus alba | |||
| 3290 | Temporary Mediterranean rivers with paspalo agrostidion vegetation | |||
| 32A0 | Tufa cascades of karst rivers in the Dinaric Mountains | |||
| 4th | MODERATE HEATHER AND BUSH VEGETATION | |||
| 4010 | Moist heaths of the North Atlantic with Erica tetralix | X | ||
| 4020 | * | Moist heaths of the temperate Atlantic area with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix | ||
| 4030 | Dry European heaths | X | X | |
| 4040 | * | Dry Atlantic heaths on the coast with Erica vagans | ||
| 4050 | * | Endemic Macaronesian Pagans | ||
| 4060 | Alpine and boreal heathens | X | X | |
| 4070 | * | Bush vegetation with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti) | X | X |
| 4080 | Subarctic willow bushes | X | X | |
| 4090 | Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse | |||
| 40A0 | * | Subcontinental peripannonian bushes | X | X |
| 40B0 | Potentilla fruticosa - Bushes of the Rhodope Mountains | |||
| 40C0 | * | Pontic- Sarmatian deciduous bushes | ||
| 5 | HARD LEAVES ( MATORRALS ) | |||
| 51 | Bushes of the sub-Mediterranean and temperate areas | |||
| 5110 | Stable xerothermophilic formations of Buxus sempervirens on rocky slopes (Berberidion pp) | X | ||
| 5120 | Formations of Cytisus purgans in mountain areas | |||
| 5130 | Formations of Juniperus communis on limestone heaths and lawns | X | X | |
| 5140 | * | Formations of Cistus palhinhae on maritime heaths | ||
| 52 | Tree-covered Matorrals in the Mediterranean | |||
| 5210 | Tree-shaped matorrals with Juniperus spp. | |||
| 5220 | * | Tree-shaped matorrals with Ziziphus spp. | ||
| 5230 | * | Tree-shaped matorrals with Laurus nobilis | ||
| 53 | Thermo-Mediterranean bush formations and pre-steppes | |||
| 5310 | Laurel bushes | |||
| 5320 | Euphorbia formations on cliffs | |||
| 5330 | Thermo-Mediterranean bush formations and pre-deserts (other societies) | |||
| 54 | Phrygane | |||
| 5410 | Western Mediterranean Phrygane (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae) on rocky coasts | |||
| 5420 | Sarcopoterium spinosum - Phryganes | |||
| 5430 | Endemic phrygan of the Euphorbio-Verbascion | |||
| 6th | NATURAL AND NEAR NATURAL GRASSLAND | |||
| 61 | Natural grassland | |||
| 6110 | * | Gap basophilic or lime pioneer lawn (Alysso-Sedion albi) | X | X |
| 6120 | * | Dry, calcareous sandy lawns | X | |
| 6130 | Heavy metal lawn (Violetalia calaminariae) | X | X | |
| 6140 | Silicate grasslands in the Pyrenees with Festuca eskia | |||
| 6150 | Boreo-alpine prairie on silica substrates | X | X | |
| 6160 | Oro-Iberian grasslands on silicate soils with Festuca indigesta | |||
| 6170 | Alpine and subalpine limestone grasslands | X | X | |
| 6180 | Mesophilic Macaronesian grasslands | |||
| 6190 | Gappy Pannonian grassland (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis) | X | ||
| 62 | Near-natural dry grassland and stages of bushes | |||
| 6210 | Near-natural dry calcareous lawns and their stages of shrubbery (Festuco-Brometalia) (* special stands with remarkable orchids) | X | X | |
| 6220 | * | Mediterranean dry grassland of the Thero-Brachypodietea | ||
| 6230 | * | Species-rich montane grass grass (and submontane on mainland Europe) on silicate soils | X | X |
| 6240 | * | Sub-Pannonian steppe dry grasslands | X | X |
| 6250 | * | Dry Pannonian steppe grasslands on loess | X | |
| 6260 | * | Pannonian steppes on sand | X | |
| 6270 | * | Species-rich, mesophilic, dry lawn of the lower areas of Fennoscandia | ||
| 6280 | * | Nordic Alvar - dry grassland and flat Pre-Cambrian limestone cliffs | ||
| 62A0 | Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) | |||
| 62B0 | * | Serpentine grassland in Cyprus | ||
| 62C0 | * | Pontic-Sarmatian steppes | ||
| 62D0 | Oro - Mesoic acidic grasslands | |||
| 63 | Hard deciduous forests ( dehesas ) used as pastureland | |||
| 6310 | Dehesas with evergreen oak species | |||
| 64 | Near-natural moist grassland with tall grass | |||
| 6410 | Pipe grass meadows on lime-rich soil, peaty and clayey-silty soils (Molinion caeruleae) | X | X | |
| 6420 | Mediterranean wet grassland with tall perennials of the Molinio-Holoschoenion | |||
| 6430 | Moist tall herbaceous vegetation of the planar and montane to alpine level | X | X | |
| 6440 | Burning cones floodplain meadows (Cnidion dubii) | X | X | |
| 6450 | North Boreal floodplain meadows | |||
| 6460 | Bog meadows of the Troodos Mountains | |||
| 65 | Mesophilic grassland | |||
| 6510 | Lean lowland hay meadows ( Alopecurus pratensis , Sanguisorba officinalis ) | X | X | |
| 6520 | Mountain hay meadows | X | X | |
| 6530 | * | Meadows with trees in Fennoscandia | ||
| 6540 | Sub-Mediterranean grassland of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini | |||
| 7th | HIGH AND LOW MOORS | |||
| 71 | Acid bogs with sphagnum | |||
| 7110 | * | Living raised bogs | X | X |
| 7120 | Degraded raised bogs that can still be renatured | X | X | |
| 7130 | Open bogs (* active bogs) | |||
| 7140 | Transitional and swinging lawn bogs | X | X | |
| 7150 | Peat Bog Schlenken (Rhynchosporion) | X | X | |
| 7160 | Mineral springs and fens springs in Fennoscandia | |||
| 72 | Lime-rich fens | |||
| 7210 | * | Lime-rich fens with Cladium mariscus and species of Caricion davallianae | X | X |
| 7220 | * | Tufa springs ( cratoneurion ) | X | X |
| 7230 | Lime-rich fens | X | X | |
| 7240 | * | Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris atrofuscae | X | X |
| 73 | Boreal peat bogs | |||
| 7310 | * | Aapa moors | ||
| 7320 | * | Palsa moors | ||
| 8th | ROCKY LIVING SPACES AND CAVES | |||
| 81 | Rubble and rubble heaps | |||
| 8110 | Silicate heaps of the montane to nival level (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani) | X | X | |
| 8120 | Limestone and limestone schist heaps of the montane to alpine level (Thlaspietea rotundifolii) | X | X | |
| 8130 | Thermophilic rubble heaps in the western Mediterranean | |||
| 8140 | Debris heaps in the eastern Mediterranean | |||
| 8150 | Siliceous debris heaps in the mountainous areas of Central Europe | X | X | |
| 8160 | * | Calcareous debris heaps of the colline to montane level of Central Europe | X | X |
| 82 | Stony rock slopes with crevice vegetation | |||
| 8210 | Limestone cliffs with crevice vegetation | X | X | |
| 8220 | Silicate rocks with crevice vegetation | X | X | |
| 8230 | Silicate rocks with pioneer vegetation of Sedo-Scleranthion or Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii | X | X | |
| 8240 | * | Lime rock pavement | X | |
| 83 | Other rocky habitats | |||
| 8310 | Caves that are not open to tourists | X | X | |
| 8320 | Lava fields and cavities | |||
| 8330 | Fully or partially submerged sea caves | |||
| 8340 | Permanent glaciers | X | X | |
| 9 | FORESTS (Near-natural and natural forests with native species in the high forest stage, including medium-sized forests with typical undergrowth, which meet one of the following criteria: rare or residual stocks and / or occurrence of species of Community interest) | |||
| 90 | Forests of boreal Europe | |||
| 9010 | * | Western taiga | ||
| 9020 | * | Epiphyte-rich , old, natural, hemiboreal deciduous forests ( Quercus , Tilia , Acer , Fraxinus or Ulmus ) | ||
| 9030 | * | Natural primary forest succession of the land uplift areas in the coastal area | ||
| 9040 | Subalpine / subarctic Nordic forests of Betula pubescens ssp. Czerepanovii | |||
| 9050 | Herb-rich spruce forests in Fennoscandia | |||
| 9060 | Coniferous forests on or in connection with fluvio-glacial Esker moraines | |||
| 9070 | Forest pastures of Fennoscandia | |||
| 9080 | * | Hardwood swamp forests of Fennoscandia | ||
| 91 | Forests of temperate Europe | |||
| 9110 | Grove beech forest (Luzulo-Fagetum) | X | X | |
| 9120 | Atlantic, acidic beech forest with undergrowth of holly and occasionally yew (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion) | X | ||
| 9130 | Woodruff beech forest (Asperulo-Fagetum) (incl. Barley-beech forest ) | X | X | |
| 9140 | Central European subalpine blue-grass beech forest with maple and Rumex arifolius | X | X | |
| 9150 | Central European orchid-lime-beech forest (Cephalanthero-Fagion) | X | X | |
| 9160 | Subatlantic or Central European pedunculate oak forest or star chickweed oak-hornbeam forest (Carpinion betuli) | X | X | |
| 9170 | Bedstraw- oak-hornbeam forest Galio-Carpinetum | X | X | |
| 9180 | * | Tilio-Acerion canyon and slope mixed forests | X | X |
| 9190 | Old acidic oak forests on sandy plains with Quercus robur | X | ||
| 91A0 | Oak forests in the British Isles with Ilex and Blechnum | |||
| 91AA | * | Eastern downy oak forests | ||
| 91B0 | Thermophilic ash forests with Fraxinus angustifolia | |||
| 91BA | Moesian fir forests | |||
| 91C0 | * | Caledonian forests | ||
| 91CA | Scots pine forests of the Rhodope Mountains and the Balkan Mountains | |||
| 91D0 | * | Bog forests | X | X |
| 91E0 | * | Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) | X | X |
| 91F0 | Hardwood forests with Quercus robur , Ulmus laevis , Ulmus minor , Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia ( Ulmenion minoris ) | X | X | |
| 91G0 | * | Pannonian forests with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus | X | X |
| 91H0 | * | Pannonian downy oak forests | X | |
| 91I0 | * | Euro-Siberian oak steppe forests | X | |
| 91J0 | * | Yew forests of the British Isles | ||
| 91K0 | Illyrian beech forests (Aremonio-Fagion) | X | ||
| 91L0 | Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion) | X | ||
| 91M0 | Pannonian -balkanische turkey oak - sessile oak forests and | X | ||
| 91N0 | * | Pannonian inland sand dune bushes (Junipero - Populetum albae) | ||
| 91P0 | Fir forest of the Heiligkreuzgebirge (Abietum polonicum) | |||
| 91Q0 | Pinus sylvestris - Forests of the Western Carpathians on limestone | |||
| 91R0 | Scots pine forests of the Dinaric Dolomites (Genisto januensis-Pinetum) | |||
| 91S0 | * | Western Pontic beech forests | ||
| 91T0 | Central European lichen-pine forests | X | X | |
| 91U0 | Pine forests of the Sarmatian steppe | X | ||
| 91V0 | Dacian beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion) | |||
| 91W0 | Moesian beech forests | |||
| 91X0 | * | Beech forests of Dobruja | ||
| 91Y0 | Bedstraw- oak-hornbeam forest Galio-Carpinetum | |||
| 91Z0 | Moesian silver linden forests | |||
| 92 | Deciduous Mediterranean deciduous forests | |||
| 9210 | * | Beech forest of the Apennines with Taxus and Ilex | ||
| 9220 | * | Beech forest of the Apennines with Abies alba and beech forest with Abies nebrodensis | ||
| 9230 | Galician-Portuguese oak forests with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica | |||
| 9240 | Iberian oak forests with Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis | |||
| 9250 | Oak forests with Quercus trojana | |||
| 9260 | Oak forests with Castanea sativa | X | ||
| 9270 | Greek beech forests with Abies borisii-regis | |||
| 9280 | Forests with Quercus frainetto | |||
| 9290 | Cypress forests (Acero-Cupression) | |||
| 92A0 | Gallery forest with Salix alba and Populus alba | |||
| 92B0 | Gallery forest on temporary Mediterranean rivers with Rhododendron ponticum , Salix and other vegetation | |||
| 92C0 | Forests with Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis (Platanion orientalis) | |||
| 92D0 | Mediterranean gallery forests and river-side bushes (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae) | |||
| 93 | Mediterranean hardwood forests | |||
| 9310 | Aegean forests with Quercus brachyphylla | |||
| 9320 | Forests with olea and ceratonia | |||
| 9330 | Forests with Quercus suber | |||
| 9340 | Forests with Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia | |||
| 9350 | Forests with Quercus macrolepis | |||
| 9360 | * | Macaronesian laurel forests ( Laurus , Ocotea ) | ||
| 9370 | * | Phoenix palm groves | ||
| 9380 | Forests of Ilex aquifolium | |||
| 9390 | * | Bush and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia | ||
| 93A0 | Forests with Quercus infectoria (Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae) | |||
| 94 | Temperate mountain and coniferous forests | |||
| 9410 | Montane to alpine acidic spruce forests (Vaccinio-Piceetea) | X | X | |
| 9420 | Alpine larch and / or Swiss stone pine forest | X | X | |
| 9430 | Montaner and subalpine Pinus uncinata forest (* on gypsum or lime substrate) | X | ||
| 95 | Mediterranean and Macaronesian mountain conifer forests | |||
| 9510 | * | Forest of the South Apennines with Abies alba | ||
| 9520 | Forests with Abies pinsapo | |||
| 9530 | * | Sub-Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines | X | |
| 9540 | Mediterranean pine forests with endemic pines | |||
| 9550 | Canarian endemic pine forest | |||
| 9560 | * | Endemic forests with Juniperus spp. | ||
| 9570 | * | Forests with Tetraclinis articulata | ||
| 9580 | * | Mediterranean forests with Taxus baccata | ||
| 9590 | * | Cedrus brevifolia forests (Cedrosetum brevifoliae) | ||
| 95A0 | Oro-Mediterranean pine forests of the high altitudes |