Red spring rush

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Red spring rush
Blysm rufus.jpeg

Red spring rush ( Blysmus rufus )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Spring rushes ( blysm )
Type : Red spring rush
Scientific name
Blysm rufus
( Huds. ) Link

The red spring rush ( Blysmus rufus ), also known as red-brown spring rush or red-brown spring rush , is a plant species within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It thrives on the coasts of the northern hemisphere .

description

The red spring rush grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 30, sometimes up to 40 centimeters. It forms long underground, arched, branched runners ( rhizomes ). The mostly upright flowering stems are leafy up to the middle and round in cross-section at the base, further upwards more or less round and smooth and gray-green in color. The parallel-veined, blue-gray-green colored, 3 millimeter wide and about 20 centimeter long leaves are flat and weakly runny but not keeled and always shorter than the stem. The leaf sheaths are round. The anterior vaginal wall is membranous and the posterior vaginal walls extend very far forward. The vaginal mouth is circular with a pronounced skin collar.

Red spring rush ( Blysmus rufus , right), illustration

Three to eight spikelets stand together in a terminal, 1 to 2 centimeter long, two- lined, spiked inflorescence . At the base of the inflorescence there is a husky, small bract which is no longer than 3 centimeters. The husks are chestnut brown. The single flowers have three soft-haired flower envelope bristles .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Difference from similar species

The compressed spring rush ( Blysmus compressus ) is similar . However, this has keeled leaves that are rounded and compressed in cross section. The husks are red-brown. The inflorescence consists of three to six rough inflorescence bristles.

Occurrence

The red spring rush thrives mainly on the coasts from Europe to Siberia and Mongolia and from subarctic North America to Canada. The red spring rush grows almost exclusively in salt marshes on the coast or in inland salt areas . It is the characteristic of the plant society (association) of the quellried salt rush lawn (Blysmetum rufi Du Rietz 1925 em. Gilln. 1960).

In Central Europe it occurs almost exclusively in mud flats on the North and Baltic Sea coasts; it is rare there, and it is also absent in some areas. On sandy beaches they are only found in dune valleys (in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, for example, in Greifswald , Grimmen and in Sülze ; in Saxony-Anhalt around Halle, e.g. near Artern , but not in the vicinity of the salt mines in East Hesse or in southern Alsace ) , in Switzerland and Austria it is missing. The red spring rush is one of the few Central European plant species that are bound to a salty subsoil. Although it can grow for some time in places with little salt, it does not thrive there optimally.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

The red spring rush is rare in Germany , mostly only with small or very uneven stands.

The red spring rush thrives best on salty, mainly saline soils , which should be fairly compacted; it tolerates only moderately high concentrations of nitrogen .

Endangerment in Germany

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

The red spring rush was rated severely endangered in 1996 in the red list of endangered fern and flowering plants in Germany. In the federal states of Brandenburg and Berlin as well as Saxony-Anhalt , the species is considered extinct. The plant is threatened with extinction in Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . it is also endangered in Lower Saxony . Their stocks are currently falling sharply. The reasons for the decline include the fallowing of extensively used fresh and wet meadows , the failure to flood salt meadows and marshes due to coastal protection measures and the draining of wet meadows.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer, Theo Müller, Dieter Korneck: Plant-sociological excursion flora. UTB / Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 (UTB) / ISBN 3-8001-2684-2 (Ulmer).
  • Asmus Petersen, Waltraut Petersen, Günther Wacker: The sour grasses. Key to the determination in the bloomless state (together with short summary descriptions of the location and value of the sour grasses and their control). 2nd edition, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-05-500257-1

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 163 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Blysmus rufus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  3. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe , Volume 5, swan flower plants to duckweed plants . 2nd revised edition, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Web links

Commons : Red spring rush ( Blysmus rufus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files