Rudolf Baschant

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Rudolf Baschant (born August 29, 1897 in Salzburg , Austria-Hungary , † July 1, 1955 in Linz ) was an Austrian painter , graphic artist , plant hunter and teacher .

Live and act

The mother of Baschant comes from Kleinzell in the Mühlkreis . His father was a Viennese architect . Shortly after his birth, the family moved to Breslau , later to Essen (1909) and finally to Idstein am Taunus . His passion for collecting initially extended to insects, stimulated by a teacher, from the age of 12 he worked intensively on collecting and identifying plants, acquiring knowledge of floristry with the help of literature.

Despite his great interest in the world of plants, he did not study botany , but attended courses in graphics , lithography , etching and commercial graphics at art schools in Essen , Frankfurt am Main , Weimar and Leipzig with the aim of becoming a graphic artist . Together with Walter Herzger ( flat printing ), he became the workshop manager of the graphic workshop at Burg Giebichenstein , headed by Charles Crodel .

After his wedding in 1940 he lived in Dessau , Berlin and in southwest Germany and moved to Linz after the end of the war, where he managed to bring his extensive herbarium to Austria intact. In Linz Baschant worked as a magistrate first in the Neue Galerie and from November 1953 in the Botanical Garden of the City of Linz . From 1952 until his death he belonged to the artists' association MAERZ and the professional association of visual artists of Upper Austria .

Baschant was married to Elfriede from 1940 and had a daughter. He died in Linz in 1955.

Graphic artist

From 1921 to 1924 worked at the graphic printing works of the Bauhaus with Paul Klee , Lyonel Feininger and Wassily Kandinsky . After the master's examination in copperplate printing at the Academy for Book Trade in Leipzig , he worked as a freelance artist and as such resided in Halle an der Saale for several years . From 1930 to 1933 he taught at the Burg Giebichenstein School of Applied Arts . From 1934 to 1949 he worked as a scientific draftsman at the Botanical Institute of the University of Halle and at the University of Innsbruck .

Plant hunter

Baschant repeatedly sought contact with botanists such as Joseph Friedrich Nicolaus Bornmüller , Otto Schwarz , Wilhelm Troll and Hermann Meusel ; he joined their excursions and from 1924 to the beginning of the Second World War undertook targeted trips within Europe as well as to North and West Africa and South America . Baschant's only contribution to a scientific and botanical work resulted from his collaboration with Helmut Gams , in which he created the templates for the illustrations of the moss and fern plants in the small cryptogam flora of Central Europe .

Baschant's herbarium, comprising more than 20,000 copies , was sold by his widow Elfriede to the Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem in April 1959 and also contained duplicates from several other, sometimes important, collectors.

Works

Baschant's works were rated as “ degenerate art ” and had to be removed from all museums during the National Socialist era .

exhibition

Baschant's works were mostly shown in group exhibitions, but occasionally also in solo exhibitions:

  • New Gallery of the City of Linz (1951)
  • New Gallery of the City of Linz, 3rd Linz Culture Conference in connection with the Paul Klee exhibition (1955)
  • Exhibition in Rotterdam and Amsterdam as part of the artists' association MAERZ
  • Bern Art Museum (1955)
  • On the 5th anniversary of his death, Engelbert Kliemstein dedicated one of his 16 art exhibitions in the Kliemstein Gallery under the title Rudolf Banschant, a witness and descendant of the Bauhaus .
  • Exhibitions in the Bauhaus archive in Darmstadt and then in the Kunsthalle Düsseldorf (art association for the Rhineland and Westphalia), 1963
  • Mirabell Casino Salzburg (Salzburg Cultural Association, 1963)

Baschant's works have recently been shown repeatedly in group exhibitions in Linz:

  • The Führer’s cultural capital, Schlossmuseum Linz , 2008
  • Linz view. Cityscapes in Art 1909 to 2009, Lentos Art Museum Linz , 2009
  • Ahoy Herbert! Bayer and the Modern Age, Lentos Art Museum Linz, 2009
  • Timeline - Painting by MAERZ - The founding generation, Artemons , Hellmonsödt, 2011
  • In the garden. Living spaces between longing and experiment, Nordico , 2011
  • Waypoints. March 1952 to 2002, Architekturforum Oberösterreich , 2013
  • On the Danube, River Stories of a City, Nordico, 2014

literature

  • Carina Neubauer : Elfriede Trautner (1925 to 1989), attempt to classify time-critical drypoint etchings, diploma thesis, University of Vienna, Art History, Vienna, 2012, in it: Rudolf Baschant as the most important artist who significantly influenced Elfriede Trautner. othes.univie.ac.at (PDF)

Publications

  • My way to lovely science . In: Natural History Yearbook of the City of Linz , 1956, pp. 235–240, landesmuseum.at (PDF)
  • Ruderal areas and their plants in and around Linz . In: Naturkundliches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz , 1955, pp. 253–261
  • With H. Gams: Small cryptogam flora of Central Europe , Volume I, The moss and fern plants (Archegoniaten) . Jena, 1940
  • P. Hiepko: The Herbarium by Rudolf Baschant , manuscript (PDF) accessed on November 14, 2015

Appreciation

  • Rudolf-Baschant-Strasse is named after him in the Weißensee district of Berlin .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Association of Upper Austrian Artists, in: Regiowiki.at website, accessed on November 14, 2015
  2. ↑ a b Rudolf-Baschant-Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  3. ↑ Alfred Marks: The curriculum vitae of Rudolf Baschant. 3 pages, online on ZOBODAT
personal data
SURNAME Baschant, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian painter, graphic artist and plant hunter and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH July 1, 1955
Place of death Linz