SPD lip
The SPD Lippe was the state organization of the SPD in the Principality of Lippe or in the Free State of Lippe until 1933.
history
In the empire
As part of the election campaign for the Reichstag election in 1878 , a first social democratic rally took place in Schötmar in February 1878 , at which a social democratic agitator named Oehme spoke to hundreds of people. The Social Democrats did not present their own candidate in the constituency of the Principality of Lippe, but did in the neighboring constituencies. The number of Social Democrats in the Principality was below 20. The Socialist Act of 1878 restricted the organization of the Social Democrats, but could not prevent social democratic ideas from gaining approval. In the 1881 Reichstag election , the innkeeper Strothmann from Lemgo, who was close to the SPD in the constituency of the Principality of Lippe, ran for the first time. It received just 130 votes. In 1884 Strothmann ran unsuccessfully. In 1887 and 1890 the cigar worker Alwin Kerrl ran unsuccessfully for the SPD for the Reichstag. In 1887, however, 400 voters had already spoken out in favor of the SPD. After the application for admission of a Lippe workers' electoral association was rejected by the Lippe government, paying offices, support and branch associations were founded in many places in 1889, which formed the organizational basis of the Social Democrats in the run-up to the Reichstag elections in 1890 . In the election one received 1500 votes or almost 5% of the vote. With the end of the Socialist Act, local associations, the future SPD, existed in many parts of the principality. The Lippe government submitted a new association law to the state parliament , which the Lippe state parliament adopted on February 23, 1891. It restricted the activities of the SPD and regulated registration and monitoring rules for political parties.
In the state elections in Lippe in 1892 , Leopold Schnitger was the first social democrat to be successful. Schnitger had already been a left-wing liberal member of the state parliament and turned to the SPD. In the following elections, too, the proportion of votes held by the Social Democrats rose steadily, without it being enough to win a seat. The reason was the right to vote in three classes for the state parliament. In the state elections in Lippe in 1900 , the SPD achieved a breakthrough: With Max Obier , August Schmuck , Clemens Becker and Karl Becker , four Social Democrats entered the state parliament. In the following years the liberals were more united and the SPD lost seats.
Organizationally, the SPD had been divided into districts since 1904. The Principality of Lippe was part of the "District of Eastern Westphalia and the Principality of Lippe". The first district party conference took place in Salzuflen in 1904. The seat of the district was Bielefeld.
In the Weimar Republic
In 1918 the November Revolution also led to an upheaval in the Principality of Lippe. Mutinous sailors reached Detmold on November 8th. The princely government sought the support of the Social Democrats for an orderly transition and ensuring stability. As a result, the People's and Soldiers' Council was formed in Lippe. This consisted of the People's Council, which consisted of 3 liberal and 6 social democratic politicians, and the soldiers' council of equal size. See also the list of members of the People's and Soldiers' Council . In contrast to the workers' and soldiers' councils in other parts of Germany, which consisted only of socialists, the people's and soldiers' council was intended and practiced as a representation of the people, i.e. the democratic parties. Nevertheless, according to the power situation, the People's and Soldiers' Council was dominated by the Social Democrats. The chairman was Clemens Becker, secretary Heinrich Drake , both SPD.
The state elections in Lippe in 1919 resulted in an absolute majority for the SPD with 50.1% of the vote. Even if the SPD had received an absolute majority, it formed a coalition with the DDP which on February 12, 1919 formed the first state presidium ( Clemens Becker (SPD), Adolf Neumann-Hofer (DDP), Heinrich Drake (SPD)).
The state elections in Lippe in 1921 led to a crash of the SPD. It lost 17.4 percentage points and received only 32.7% of the vote. The coalition was expanded to include the DVP and Drake remained in office. The following years were a period of stability for the country and the party. The coalition was also confirmed in the 1925 and 1929 elections, the SPD was able to win in both elections and Drake led the Free State of Lippe until 1933.
The state elections in Lippe in 1933 were in the spotlight of the world public. In the Reichstag elections on November 6, 1932 , the National Socialists suffered a noticeable loss of votes. They declared the state elections in Lippe to be a test of the mood in the population and, given the size of the country, ran a very elaborate election campaign with appearances from all leading Nazis. The campaign had an impact: the democratic parties suffered heavy losses, while the KPD gained 5% and the NSDAP 36.1%. The SPD was only the second strongest party for the first time with 30.1%.
Ban on the SPD in 1933
In the course of the alignment of the states with the Reich, the state parliament was reorganized on the basis of the results of the Reichstag election of March 1933 at the beginning of April 1933. The legal basis was the provisional law for the alignment of the states with the Reich in connection with the Lippe implementation law of April 3, 1933. The state parliament was reduced to 17 members by this law. Of these, 10 belong to the NSDAP, 5 to the SPD and one each to the DNVP and KPD. Due to the ban on the KPD, its seat was canceled. A member of the SPD was able to take part in the constituent meeting for the last time. Thereafter, the SPD deputies were refused entry to the state parliament until the SPD was banned in the Reich on June 22, 1933 and in Lippe on June 23, 1933.
After the Second World War
After the Second World War and the end of the Nazi dictatorship , the SPD was also reorganized in Lippe. The British military government set Heinrich Drake as state president. In this function he was also responsible for Schaumburg-Lippe . In appointed Provincial (Lippe) three Social Democrats were represented in the appointed parliament 13 of 31 beginning of 1947, the Free State lip portion of North Rhine-Westphalia . The previous SPD in Lippe thus became the subdistrict of the SPD for the Lippe district.
people
MPs
| Surname | 1919 | 1921 | 1925 | 1929 | 1933 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hermann Albert | X | ||||
| Clemens Becker | X | ||||
| Auguste Bracht | X | ||||
| August Brauns | X | X | |||
| Heinrich Diestelmeier | X | X | X | X | |
| Heinrich Drake | State Presidium | State Presidium | State Presidium | State Presidium | X |
| Heinrich Ellerbrok | X | ||||
| Emil Feldmann | X | ||||
| Simon Grothof | X | X | |||
| Christian Hoppenstock | X | ||||
| Heinrich Klaus | X | ||||
| Marie Kraft | X | X | |||
| Ernst Kuhlemann | X | X | X | X | |
| August Linne | X | X | X | ||
| Wilhelm Mademann | X | President of the Landtag | |||
| Wilhelm Meier | X | President of the Landtag | President of the Landtag | President of the Landtag | |
| Heinrich Mesch | X | ||||
| Wilhelm Mellies | X | President of the Landtag | X | ||
| Heinrich Pieper | X | ||||
| Konrad Potthast | X | X | |||
| Luise Rinsche | X | ||||
| Heinrich Saake | X | ||||
| August jewelry | X | State Presidium | X | X | |
| Wilhelm Schröder | X | ||||
| Albert Schütte | X | ||||
| Wilhelm Schulte | X | ||||
| August Tölle | X | X | X | X | |
| Heinrich Waldvogt | X | X | |||
| August Wehrmann | X | ||||
| Friedrich Winter | X | X |
Socio-economic structure of the members of the SPD in the state parliament in the Weimar Republic
Between 1919 and 1932 there was always exactly one woman in the SPD parliamentary group. Depending on the size of the parliamentary group, the proportion of women among MPs was between 6.7% and 9.1%. The vast majority of MPs came from the cities. This was most evident in the state elections in 1919 with 13 representatives from the cities to 2 representatives from the state. This imbalance diminished over time. In 1929, 41.7% of the MPs (5 of 12) came from the rural communities. The distribution according to occupational groups was as follows:
| Occupational group | 1919 | 1921 | 1925 | 1929 | 1933 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-employed | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Officer | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Employees | 4th | 4th | 5 | 5 | 4th |
| Including party and trade union officials | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Workers | 8th | 4th | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Others | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
literature
- Peter Steinbach: On the history of the Lippe social democracy under the Socialist Law (1878–1890); in: Lippische Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde, 1980, p. 116 ff., digitized
- Hans Hüls: Voters and voting behavior in the state of Lippe during the Weimar Republic. (= Special publications of the natural science and historical association for the state of Lippe. 22). Detmold 1974, pp. 98, 112-113.
- Heinrich Drake: 1918. Looking back after 50 years; in: Lippische Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde, 37.1968, p. 5 ff., digitized