Saab 39

Saab JAS 39 Gripen
Swedish JAS 39 "Gripen" at ILA 2010
Type:	Multipurpose fighter
Design country:	Sweden
Manufacturer:	Saab
First flight:	December 9, 1988
Commissioning:	June 6, 1996
Production time:	In series production since 1995
Number of pieces:	237 (as of 2012)

The Saab JAS 39 Gripen (short form "Gripen", Swedish for "the griffin ") is a Swedish multi-purpose fighter and the successor to the Saab JA 37 Viggen . The term JAS stands for Jakt, Attack och Spaning (Swedish for "hunting, attack and reconnaissance").

The first flight of the Saab 39 took place in 1988; the current version JAS 39C / D has been in service with the Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet) since 2005 . In addition, the air forces of South Africa , Hungary , the Czech Republic and Thailand fly the "Gripen". The UK's Empire Test Pilots School also operates a Gripen for training purposes.

development

A Swedish JAS 39 Gripen after an air refueling

The aircraft is being built by a subsidiary of SAAB AB , “Gripen International” (cooperation between “Saab Technologies” and BAE Systems ) in Linköping, Sweden . The majority of the aircraft is manufactured and assembled in Sweden. Other components come mainly from European companies, but some parts from the United States and South Africa . Saab, Volvo , Ericsson and FFV Aerotech joined forces to develop the machine to form the JAS industrial group. In 1981 they presented a first draft. The first system tests began in 1984, and in February 1986 the first mock-up was ready. The rollout took place on February 26, 1987. On December 9, 1988, Stig Holmström took off with the first prototype for its maiden flight. After its crash, the second prototype flew on May 4, 1990. Five prototypes (the last first flew in October 1991), a cell for static tests and two cabins for tests with the ejection seat were built. The testing took longer than planned because of two crashes and problems with the US fly-by-wire software. The Saab 39 was put into service by the Swedish Air Force at Linköping Airfield in 1993 . The first two-seater aircraft flew on April 29, 1996.

In the 2010s, the development of the next generation of Gripen, the Gripen "NG" began. The Swedish government plans to procure 60 Gripen E; It is unclear whether Gripen Cs that have already been delivered will be converted or whether the Flygvapnet will be equipped with newly built aircraft.

description

The Saab 39 is a Swedish multi-role fighter aircraft that is available in single and double seats. It is designed for tough winter use, including on makeshift slopes , motorways and unpaved roads. In addition, it fulfills the requirements for high reliability, easy maintenance (in part by conscripts) and universal use. In particularly cold weather, the machine can be  quickly lifted into the air after a comparatively short warm-up phase with the auxiliary power unit . Even on difficult ground conditions, take-off and landing are not a major problem for experienced pilots. The cost of one flight hour was quoted by the South African Air Force (SAAF) at US $ 10,000 in 2012.

Since the development for Saab is only financially worthwhile with a production of well over 200 units, 68 units have so far been sold to other, at the time non-aligned countries such as South Africa, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Thailand.

technology

construction

The aircraft is a middle- wing aircraft with delta wings swept at 45 ° on the leading edge with sawtooth and movable canards on the side air inlets. The canards are not only used for maneuverability, but can also be used to shorten the landing distance. In the rear part of the fuselage there are also two air brakes. To extend the range, the machine has a retractable tank probe on the left air inlet for air refueling. The landing gear consists of a double-tyred nose gear and two single-tyred main landing gears. The avionics consists of a pulse Doppler radar PS-05 / A from Ericsson / GEC-Marconi with several operating modes ( look-down, shoot-down ) and a detection range of about 120 km, an Ericsson SDS-80 central computer about 40 processors and a standard MIL-1553B bus. The machine is controlled via a fly-by-wire system. Various multifunctional screens and a wide-angle head-up display from Kaiser Electronics are available in the cockpit . The aircraft is made of about thirty percent composite materials . The canards and some cladding of the fuselage as well as parts of the wings, the fin, the rudder and the landing flaps are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics . The radome is made of glass fiber reinforced plastics, while an aluminum alloy is used for the fuselage and a titanium alloy is used for the wing connections.

Engine

The JAS 39A and B use a Volvo Aero RM12 - an improved F404 engine from General Electric with an afterburner  . The improved Volvo RM12UP was used for the JAS 39C / D. In 2007, the possibility of retrofitting with a GE F414G engine was examined. The first test flight with this engine took place in 2008 and is used on the JAS 39E / F ("Gripen NG"). The air inlets of the engines are not adjustable.

• Volvo Aero RM12
• Volvo Aero RM12UP
• General Electric F414G

Security and rescue systems

Detonating cord

In the upper part of the cockpit canopy, a detonating cord is incorporated in order to prevent injuries to the pilot in the event of an exit with the ejector seat by means of a controlled dismantling of the canopy.

Ejection seat

For the emergency exit at subsonic speeds are for the pilots fully automatic Martin-Baker Mk.10LS - ejection seats installed. In addition to the pilot's parachute, the gas-powered ejection seat also has a connection for anti-g trousers, an oxygen connection and a survival kit. In 2007 there were problems with an unwanted reject, when the anti-g-suit apparently activated the release handle at high g-acceleration.

Airbag

For the pilot in the second cockpit (with the double seat variants), an airbag is built into the front panel to protect him from splinters of the bursting cockpit hood when the pilot seated in front with the ejector seat exits.

SECTION

The chassis of the Saab 39 has brakes with ABS so that it can take off and land on the Swedish makeshift runways in poor slope conditions and over short distances.

Armament

The suspension points of the armament

Permanently installed on-board cannon

• 1 × 27-mm automatic revolver cannon AKAN Mauser BK-27 with 120 rounds of ammunition (only in single-seat machines)

Armament at external load stations In addition, a large number of different weapons with a maximum total weight of 4200 kg can be carried at four lower wing stations , two wing end rails and two lower fuselage stations. In the Gripen NG version with the more powerful engine, two additional lower hull stations are available and the total weight increases to 5200 kg.

Air-to-air guided missile

• 6 × LAU-7 starting rails for one RB 74 each (Robotsystem 74, Swedish license production of Raytheon AIM-9L "Sidewinder") - infrared controlled for short distances
• 6 × MML starting rails for one Raytheon AIM-9L / I "Sidewinder" each  - infrared controlled for short distances
• 6 × MML starting rails for one RB 98 each (Robotsystem 98, Diehl BGT Defense "IRIS-T") - infrared controlled for short distances
• 4 × MML starting rails for one RB 99 each (Robotsystem 99, Swedish license production of Raytheon AIM-120B "AMRAAM") - radar-controlled for medium-haul routes
• 4 × MML starting rails for one Raytheon AIM-120C-5 AMRAAM each  - for export version, radar-controlled for medium -haul routes
• 4 × MML starting rails for one MBDA Meteor each (currently still in the testing phase) - radar-controlled for medium-haul routes
• 6 × starting rails for one Kentron V3E A-Darter each (for South African machines)
• 4 × starting rails for one Kentron V4 R-Darter each (for South African machines)

Air-to-surface guided missile

• 4 × LAU-117A start rails for one Saab RB 75TV (Robotsystem 75, Swedish license production of AGM-65B "Maverick") - electro-optically controlled for anti-tank combat
• 4 × LAU-117A starter rails for one Raytheon AGM-65D / G / H "Maverick" each - thermal image-controlled  for fighting tanks
• 2 × Saab Bofors / Diehl BGT RBS-15F Mk.3 (Robotsystem 15) - radar-controlled for ship combat

Guided bombs

• 4 × Lockheed-Martin GBU-12C / B "Paveway II" (laser-guided 227 kg glide bomb)
• 4 × GBU-16B / B "Paveway II" (laser-guided 454 kg glide bomb)
• 2 × GBU-10E / B "Paveway II" (laser-guided 907 kg glide bomb)

Unguided air-to-surface missiles

• 4 × Bofors -ARAK-70 rocket tube launch containers for six unguided air-to-surface missiles each; Caliber 135 mm

Unguided bombs

• 8 × Mark 82 (227 kg free fall bomb )
• 8 × M51 (120 kg free-fall bomb)
• 2 × bomb capsule BK 90 "Mjolner" (DASA DWS 39, inertial navigation guided 600 kg glide / bulk bomb with 72 × MJ-1 fragmentation grenades against tank units)

Additional electronics container

• 1 × Rafael / Nortroph-Grumman AN / AAQ-28 (V) "Litening G.III" target lighting container ( Forward Looking Infrared Pod with thermal imaging device, TV camera, laser direction finder and laser search and tracking system)
• 1 × Vinten Vicon 18 / 72C reconnaissance and surveillance container (now replaced by SPK39)
• 1 × Rafael RECCELITE reconnaissance container
• 1 × Saab SPK39 ( SLAR - reconnaissance tank )
• 1 × Saab-Ericsson "BOQ-X300" (EKF fault container; only JAS 39A / B)
• 1 × Ericsson "Eriejammer A110" (EKF jamming container; only JAS 39A / B)
• 1 × Ericsson "Eriejammer 200" (EKF jamming container; only JAS 39A / B)

Fuel tanks

• 3 × drop-off additional fuel tanks with 1700 liters of kerosene (only JAS 39E "Gripen NG")
• 3 × disposable additional fuel tanks with 1400 liters of kerosene (only JAS 39EBS)
• 3 × drop-off additional fuel tanks with 1100 liters of kerosene
• 3 × drop-off additional fuel tanks of the Saab 35 Draken with 530 liters of kerosene (only prototypes)

Planned expansions of the arsenal

• 2 × "TAURUS" KEPD-150 (cruise missile)
• 2 × Kentron MUPSOW
• 2 × Kentron RAPTOR
• 2 × bomb racks for 4 × GBU-39 (Small Diameter Bomb) each
• 4 × Lockheed-Martin GBU-49 "Paveway II" (laser-guided 227 kg glide bomb)

Self-defense systems

The Saab 39 is equipped with the integrated IDAS-3 self-defense system, which can automatically take countermeasures if necessary.

Radar warning system The ends of the launch rails at the wing tips carry a total of four SAAB Electronics BOW 21 or RWS 300 radar warning sensors . In addition, a radar warning receiver is housed in the tail fin.

Laser warning system Four Saab LWS 310 laser warning devices are installed in the middle of the fuselage .

Missile approach warning system A total of four Saab MAW-300 missile approach warning sensors (MAW) are installed in the Gripen NG in front of and behind the wing root .

Decoys A total of four Saab BOP-C decoys with 8, 20 or 40 decoys can be attached to the launch rails under the wings . The decoys are made of platelets and have a newer chemical mode of action. Two Saab BOP-L decoy launcher units with 23, 29, 31 or 39 1 "× 1" decoys are mounted in the fuselage. CelsiusTech “Bo2D” radar tow bait with 100 m tow rope on weapon pylons 2L or 2R.

Electronic warfare systems The EWS39 ("Electronic Warfare System 39" from construction lot 3) installed by Ericsson Saab Avionics is integrated in the fuselage. It analyzes, identifies and prioritizes the data from all sensors ( RWR , IFF and radar) and, if required , automatically combats the threats.

TIDLS Advanced data transmission system that allows the Gripen pilot to get an idea of the situation with data from other sensors without the radar being switched on. The JAS 39C / D also have the US Link 16 system in order to be able to communicate with NATO combat aircraft. With Link 16 there is the possibility of having a target tracked by an E-3 AWACS and being able to fire the guided missiles without using one's own radar.

production

At Saab, according to the status of the 2007 orders, a total of 249 Gripen series aircraft are to be manufactured in Linköping . Most of the SAAF machines are manufactured by the South African company Denel .

The first 13 Brazilian copies (see below) are completely built by Saab. The following machines are being built with the participation of the Embraer company, with the last eight Gripen E and seven Gripen F of a first batch being built entirely in Brazil from mid-2020.

variants

Saab JAS 39 Gripen

JAS 39 "Gripen"

These five test machines include the prototypes with production numbers 39-101 to 39-105. A stress test cell has also been built. The test machines were retired after the tests were completed. The 39-102 can be seen in the Swedish Air Force Museum .

JAS 39A "Gripen"

First multi-role fighter aircraft version, no export. Cockpit with mono-colored MFD, everything is labeled in Swedish. Differences between Batch 1 and Batch 2 machines: Batch 2 machines are equipped in the same way as the JAS 39C of Batch 2.

JAS 39B "Gripen"

Two-seat version of the JAS 39A for combat and training missions. Difference: missing on-board cannon, second identical cockpit behind the pilot and smaller internal fuel tank.

JAS 39C "Gripen"

Improved version with new glass cockpit, larger MFD, new APU , OBO generator (oxygen generator) and flight refueling probe. Differences between Batch 2 and Batch 3 machines: Batch 3 is the export version with a cockpit labeled in English, expanded NATO-compatible armament and an improved engine, FADEC and Link 16 data link.

JAS 39D "Gripen"

Two-seat combat-ready version of the JAS 39C, which will also operate as a wild weasel or drone control center.

JAS 39EBS "Gripen"

Designation for the JAS 39C / D for export. The designation EBS HU means “Export Baseline Standard Hungary” and differs from the JAS 39C by the Link 16 data link, NATO pylons , larger additional tanks and NATO standard armament. All labels and computer systems are available in English.

JAS 39NG

Cockpit replica of the Saab "Gripen" NG

The "Gripen NG" (NG stands for Next Generation or New Gripen) is a test aircraft and technology demonstrator for the JAS 39E and JAS 39F systems. The Gripen NG is a JAS 39B in which avionics, flight software, weapon computers, radar detectors, radar jammers and infrared sensors were installed in several steps. The equipment of the Gripen NG largely corresponds to the JAS-39F in its final state. However, the airframe, the landing gear and the internal tank volume are unchanged from the JAS 39B / JAS 39D and do not correspond to the JAS 39F in these points. The prototype was presented on March 23, 2008. The test flight to demonstrate the supercruise capabilities took place on January 21, 2009 over the Baltic Sea by test pilot Magnus Ljungdahl

JAS 39E "Gripen"

Saab "Gripen" NG in Brazil

The JAS 39E is a modernized variant of the JAS 39C and received various innovations such as AESA radar , bait, newer armament and new external load stations. This version has a take-off weight increased to 16,000 kg and an additional 1,000 kg payload. It has the General Electric F414G engine and has 1,400 l more tank capacity. The main landing gear of the machine is now housed in a panel under the fuselage, which, thanks to the wider track, also enables two additional suspensions to be attached to the fuselage with a maximum load of 910 kg. The nose landing gear now only has one wheel instead of two wheels. Avionics (radar with electronic beam deflection, self-protection system, communication system) have also been improved. The first flight of the Gripen E took place about a year after the rollout on June 15, 2017 in Linköping with test pilot Marcus Wandt, the second and third prototype followed on November 26, 2018 and June 11, 2019.

At the end of 2011, the Swiss Federal Council decided to procure 22 of the E (single-seater) versions and ratified it by parliament in 2013. In the referendum on May 18, 2014 , 53.4% ​​voted against the financing proposal and thus against the purchase of the Gripen jets. Saab was not included in a second evaluation in Switzerland in the first half of 2019 because, unlike the other aircraft ( Dassault Rafale , Eurofighter Typhoon ), no operational aircraft would be tested, even if Saab emphasized that "Gripen E [...] Be put into service years before the planned delivery to Switzerland and meet all the required specifications ”.

Saab also hopes to be able to equip Denmark with Gripen E / F. Saab lost a tender in India in early 2012 to French Rafale , from which India will purchase 126 units at a price of 12 billion US dollars.

On April 15, 2015, it was announced that Brazil had reached an agreement with Saab to purchase 36 Gripen E fighter jets. The contract provides for close cooperation and technology transfer with the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer . Brazil is expected to pay 5.4 billion US dollars (5 billion euros) for the planes. The machines are to be delivered from 2018. It was also announced that the machine would be produced in Brazil from 2023 and exported to Latin America and Africa.

JAS 39F "Gripen"

Two-seat combat-ready version of the JAS 39E, which will also operate as a wild weasel or drone control center. Difference: missing on-board cannon, second identical cockpit behind the pilot and smaller internal fuel tank. SAAB presented the JAS 39F while it was still in the planning phase. In the first procurement process, Switzerland showed an interest in procuring JAS 39E and JAS 39F. At the time, the Swedish Air Force showed no interest in purchasing JAS 39F because, in their opinion, the existing JAS 39B and JAS39D are sufficient as combat trainers. Switzerland then changed its procurement request to 22 JAs 39E. When Brazil agreed to procure the Gripen, the Brazilian Air Force insisted on receiving eight JAS 39Fs. The JAS 39F are completely built in Brazil.

Other variants:

• JAS 39 "Gripen DK": Old name for the Gripen NG of the planned version for Denmark
• JAS 39 "Gripen N": Planned version for Norway, improved JAS 39C / D
• JAS 39 "Super Gripen": Old name for the Gripen NG
• JAS 39X "Gripen": Once planned export version for the Saudi RSAF; was defeated in the evaluation against the Eurofighter Typhoon
• JAS 39 "Super Gripen IN": Export version for India based on the Gripen NG
• JAS 39M "Sea Gripen": possible export version for India and Brazil for carrier use ( STOBAR and CATOBAR ) based on the Gripen E / F

Calls

The Gripen completed its first combat mission as part of the international military operation in Libya in 2011 . From March 28, Sweden deployed eight, later five, aircraft from Sigonella for reconnaissance missions over Libya. The neutral Sweden did not participate in the fight against ground targets. The Gripen completed the majority of the reconnaissance missions with 40%. 150,000 pictures were taken in 650 missions and almost 2,000 flight hours. During these operations, the Gripen C achieved an availability of over 92%.

User states

 Brazil

Força Aérea Brasileira : 36 (28 F-39E, 8 F-39F, a total of 108 JAS 39E / F (local name F-39E / F) planned in three lots, mix not yet determined, lot 1 includes the first 36 copies)

The Brazilian government initially ordered 36 Gripen NGs from Saab. The contract was signed in September 2015 and has a volume of 4.68 billion dollars. An extensive technology transfer is included in the business. The 36 aircraft in the first batch are to be built by Embraer in Brazil between the end of 2018 and 2020 (21 partially and 15 completely). They cost 39.3 billion Swedish kronor .; payment should be made by 2023. Six to twelve leased older Gripen C / Ds secured the airspace over Rio de Janeiro during the 2016 Summer Olympics .

 Sweden

Swedish Air Force : 175 (75 JAS 39A, 14 JAS 39B, 70 JAS 39C, 14 JAS 39D, 29 of which were specially built and leased / rented for the Czech Republic, Hungary and Great Britain, see below, delivery of 60 JAS 39E from 2018 planned).

 South Africa

South African Air Force : 28 (19 JAS 39C, 9 JAS 39D, mostly still in production). At the Overberg test site , the manufacturer wanted to open the Gripen Fighter Weapon School for all interested customers from 2013 , which initially could not be implemented due to the lack of interest from SAAF.

 Hungary

Hungarian Air Force : 14 (12 JAS 39EBS HU single-seaters, 2 JAS 39EBS HU double-seaters), leased until 2026

 Czech Republic

Air Force of the Czech Republic : 14 (12 JAS 39C +, 2 JAS 39D) machines leased until 2027.

 Thailand

Royal Thai Air Force : 12 (JAS 39EBS, single-seater), 6 of which were ordered on October 17, 2007 and have been delivered since February 22, 2011. Funding was initially missing to order the optional six. In November 2010 this was also secured, so that these machines were ordered on November 23, 2010. The delivery was completed in September 2013.

 United Kingdom

Royal Air Force : 1 (JAS 39D), copy of the Swedish Air Force, leased to the Royal Air Force's Empire Test Pilots' School by the hour since 1999. In 2014, the agreement between ETPS and Saab was extended to 2018.

export

The aircraft had to face the Dassault Rafale and the Eurofighter in various tenders . Although these aircraft have a wider range of uses, they are considerably more expensive to buy and maintain than the Swedish model, simply because of two engines.

interested persons

In addition to the tenders won (see above), there were and are other interested user states.

•  Argentina : Argentina was interested in ordering Gripen E from the final assembly line in Brazil in 2014. Saab ruled out such a deal because it was completely contrary to British interests.
•  Botswana : In 2016, Botswana was interested in acquiring 8–12 Gripen.
•  Bulgaria (2006)
•  Greece
•  India , original need 126 MMRCA. In the competition with the F / A-18E / F Super Hornet , Eurofighter , General Dynamics F-16 and the MiG-35 in an initial procurement over 36 MMRCAs, eliminated in favor of Dassault Rafale . Still a promising candidate for a follow-up order for 110 more fighter jets.
•  Canada : Canada wanted to decide on new warplanes worth CAD 19 billion in spring 2019 and was also considering Saab Gripen
•  Mexico : Air force, already evaluated for the Navy, deferred for cost reasons and a purchase not considered until 2019 either.
•  Philippines : Air Force, Gripen C / D.
•  Austria : Originally the Saab JAS 39 Gripen was subject to the Eurofighter in a tender . In 2017, the armed forces planned to replace their 15 Eurofighters with a cheaper aircraft from 2020. The Gripen was seen as the most promising candidate.
•  Slovakia

Former prospects

•  Denmark : Saab withdrew the offer on July 21, 2014
•  Croatia : For financial reasons, the Gripen and the purchase of other used fighter jets were excluded and the previously used MiG-21s were overhauled again in the Ukraine; later used F-16C / D were selected from Israeli stocks
•  Netherlands : interest in the improved version Gripen Next Generation , but order for F-35 JSF
•  Poland , eliminated in favor of General Dynamics F-16 Block 52+
•  Switzerland : evaluation won; In the necessary referendum to finance procurement, this was rejected in 2014
  → Main article : Federal vote on the procurement of the Gripen
  In the course of a new procurement evaluation in June 2019, Saab canceled its participation at short notice, as a long-known condition was that it had to be a fully operational aircraft, which, according to clearly formulated reservations of the Ministry of Defense, was not yet the case with Saab at this time was.

Incidents

A total of eight Saab 39 have had an accident or crash since 1989, with seven total losses.

1. On February 2, 1989, the first prototype (39-1) crashed on landing. The test pilot only suffered a broken arm.
2. On August 8, 1993, a Gripen crashed in downtown Stockholm during an air show next to the Västerbron bridge on Långholmen. The machine was controlled by the same pilot who had had an accident with the prototype in 1989, he got out of the car with an ejector seat .
3. On September 20, 1999, a Gripen of the F7 squadron ( Såtenäs ) crashed into Lake Vänern . The pilot got out by ejector seat.
4. On June 1, 2005, a Gripen of the F17 squadron ( Ronneby ) crashed. The pilot got out by ejector seat.
5. On April 19, 2007, the ejector seat of a Gripen JAS 39C was deployed during the approach to Luleå Air Base without any action on the part of the pilot. The pilot had flown a vigorous turning maneuver (approx. 8.8 g) immediately beforehand. The anti-g trousers were greatly inflated and the bracket between the pilot's knees was raised for manual release.
6. On May 19, 2015, a Hungarian Gripen shot over the end of the runway into a field during the “Lion Effort 2015” exercise at the Čáslav military airfield in the Czech Republic, the front fuselage section was torn off. The pilots saved themselves with the ejection seats and were uninjured.
7. On June 10, 2015, another Gripen of the Hungarian Air Force had an accident near their home base in Kecskemét after the pilot reported problems with the landing gear. When landing, he lost control of the aircraft and saved himself with the ejection seat. The chief of staff of the Hungarian Air Force then ordered a flight ban for the type.
8. On January 14, 2017, a Gripen 39C of the Royal Thai Air Force had an accident at an air show in Hat Yai (Thailand). The pilot was killed in this accident.
9. On August 21, 2018, a Gripen collided with a bird in Sweden and crashed. The pilot was able to save himself with the ejector seat.

Technical specifications

JAS 39 "Gripen"

JAS 39 "Gripen"

Svenska Flygvapnet JAS 39B "Gripen" 822, 2008 in Emmen (CH)

JAS 39 "Gripen" at the ILA 1998

Czech JAS 39 "Gripen" over the Curonian Spit (2012)

Parameter	Data from JAS 39A / B / C / D "Gripen"	Data of the JAS 39E / F "Gripen NG"
length	14.10 m (two-seater: 14.80 m)	15.20 m (two-seater: 15.90 m)
span	8.40 m	8.60 m
Wing area	25.54 m²	31.1 m²
Wing extension	2.76
Wing loading	minimum (empty weight): 259 kg / m² nominal (normal take-off weight): 341 kg / m² maximum (maximum take-off weight): 548 kg / m²	minimum (empty weight): 244 kg / m² nominal (normal takeoff weight): 353 kg / m² maximum (maximum take-off weight): 531 kg / m²
height	4.70 m
Empty mass	6,622 kg	approx. 7,600 kg
normal takeoff mass	8,720 kg	approx. 11,000 kg
Max. Takeoff mass	approx. 14,000 kg	approx. 16,500 kg
Tank capacity	2,821 l or 2,268 kg (internal)	4,221 l or 3,394 kg (internal)
Fuel mass fraction	0.260	approx. 0.310
G limits	−3 / + 9 g
Top speed	Mach 2+ or 2,130 km / h (at optimal altitude) Mach 1.2 or 1,470 km / h (at sea level)
Marching speed	k. A.	Mach 1.2
Service ceiling	15,240 m	higher than 16,000 m
Max. Rate of climb	254 m / s	k. A.
Use radius	700 km	1,300 km in air surveillance
Transfer range	3,000 km ( air refueling possible with JAS 39C / D)	4,075 km (air refueling possible)
required runway / runway	800 m	600 m
Max. Gun load	4,200 kg	5,200 kg
Engine	a Volvo Aero RM12 (an F-404 derivative)	a turbofan General-Electric F414GE-39E (F414G) (Customer request F414G EPE 120kN)
Thrust	with afterburner: 80.54 kN without afterburner: 54.05 kN	with afterburner: 97.88 kN in an undefined development stage (F414G) 105 kN without afterburner: 63.47 kN
Thrust-to-weight ratio	maximum (empty weight): 1.23 nominal (normal take-off mass): 0.94 minimum (maximum take-off mass): 0.58	maximum (empty weight): 1.29 nominal (normal takeoff mass): 0.95 minimum (maximum take-off mass): 0.62
On-board radar manufacturer / type	Ericsson and GEC-Marconi / PS-05 / A	Selex Galileo / ES05 Raven ( AESA )
System price	about $ 100 million	about $ 100 million, $ 45- $ 55 million per aircraft
Rescue system	Ejection seat Martin-Baker MB Mk.10LS

Remarks

1. ↑ At optimal flight altitude in standard air combat configuration (4 × MBDA Meteor + 2 × IRIS-T )
2. ↑ With a weapon load of approx. 2000 kg

Web links

Commons : Saab 39 Gripen  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• GRIP
• JAS 39 Gripen Update
• Information on the JAS 39 at aeroflight.co.uk (Engl.)
• for armament: http://www.airpower.at/
• to the exports: http://www.gripen.com/
• to electronics: http://www.airpower.at/

Individual evidence

1. ↑ FliegerWeb.com
2. ↑ Gareth Jennings: Swedish Gripen Es to be new-build rather than re-manufactured. ( Memento from June 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Janes.com, June 12, 2014, accessed on June 22, 2014 (English): “The Swedish government is set to amend the Gripen E production contract so that the aircraft will be new-build rather than re-manufactured airframes, a Saab spokesperson confirmed to IHS Jane's on June 12th. "
3. ↑ FliegerRevue November 2008, pp. 24–30, The griffin sharpens its claws.
4. ↑  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
5. ↑ Brazil reveals Gripen production schedule. Embraer's manufacturing role. Janes, October 8, 2017 ( Memento from October 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ FlugRevue October 2017, p. 6, Gripen E takes off for the first flight
7. ↑ New fighter jet from Saab: Second Gripen E begins flight tests . In: Flugrevue . ( Flugrevue.de [accessed on November 27, 2018]).
8. ↑ Gripen E - First flight of the 3rd test aircraft. In: Cockpit.aero. June 11, 2019, accessed on June 13, 2019 : “Yesterday, Monday, the third Gripen E test aircraft successfully completed its maiden flight. The second test aircraft took off for the first time on November 26th last year. " 
9. ↑ Gripen crashes with the electorate - News - SRF. In: srf.ch. May 18, 2014, accessed August 6, 2017 . 
10. ↑ NKF - Saab does not take part in the flight and ground testing. In: Cockpit.aero. June 13, 2019, accessed on June 13, 2019 : “The Gripen E development schedule is not geared towards the Swiss plan to test fully operational aircraft as early as 2019. Saab has therefore decided not to take part in the Swiss flight tests in Payerne from June 24th to 28th. " 
11. ↑ Swiss Prefer Swedes. Air Forces Monthly, February 2012, pp. 92-95.
12. ↑  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
13. ↑ Brazil orders 36 Gripen NG from Saab and Embraer. In: aero.de. April 15, 2015, accessed August 6, 2017 . 
14. ↑ Insider Issue No. 3 2019 page 27, Walter Hodel
15. ↑ Saab promotes its "Sea Gripen", a possible naval variant of the Gripen NG fighter jet
16. ↑ Special supplement Gripen. In: Cockpit magazine, May 2012
17. ↑ Stephen Trimble: Brazil finalizes $ 4.68bn Gripen NG deal. In: Flightglobal.com. September 11, 2015, accessed on September 11, 2015 (English): "Brazil has finalized a $ 4.68 billion deal for 36 Saab Gripen NG fighters after concluding more than 20 months of negotiations over pricing and industrial cooperation against the backdrop of a deepening economic and political crisis. " 
18. ↑ SAAB: Saab and Brazil sign contract for Gripen NG. October 27, 2014, accessed November 19, 2014 . 
19. ↑ Janet Tappin Coelho: Saab confirms twin-seat Gripen F development for Brazil. IHS Jane's, February 4, 2014, accessed November 19, 2014 . 
20. ↑ Brazil buys Saab fighter jets. In: Tageblatt Online. www.tageblatt.lu, December 18, 2013, accessed on December 19, 2013 . 
21. ↑ Craig Hoyle: Sweden commits first funds to Gripen E program. Flightglobal.com, February 22, 2013, accessed July 14, 2013 . 
22. ↑ Craig Hoyle: Czech government signs Gripen lease extension. In: Flightglobal.com. May 19, 2014, accessed on July 7, 2015 (English): "The contract means that the Czech Republic will continue to lease 14 Gripen aircraft until at least 2027." 
23. ↑ Flugrevue.de: First Saab Gripen for Thailand takes off , accessed on September 21, 2009
24. ^ Saab Signs New Agreement with UK's Test Pilots School , The North Spin, February 15, 2008, accessed December 8, 2008. “ Test pilot students at the renowned Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS), MOD Boscombe Down in the United Kingdom , will continue to have access to fly Sweden's new generation Gripen fighter under the recently signed agreement with Saab. (...) Since 1999, ETPS has included Gripen in its test pilot training courses, working in conjunction with Saab. (...) Flight operations will be undertaken at Saab's facility in Linköping, while simulator training will be conducted at the Swedish Air Force F7 Wing, Såtenäs. "
25. ↑ Craig Hoyle: UK test pilot school extends Gripen arrangement. In: Flightglobal.com. July 12, 2014, accessed on July 14, 2014 (English): "Saab has signed a contract extension with the UK's Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS), covering the latter's continued use of a Gripen trainer for another four years." 
26. ↑ Saab presents Gripen E , accessed on July 8, 2017
27. ↑ Argentina to negotiate with Brazil for Gripen E multirole fighters ( Memento from October 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
28. ↑ Saab Rules Out Gripen Fighter Jet Sale To Argentina , defenseworld.net, April 29, 2015
29. ↑ Gripens To Replace Botswana F-5 Fighter Jets. defensenews.com, June 15, 2016, accessed June 16, 2016 . 
30. ↑ Gripen website (23 August 2006)
31. ↑ Janes
32. ↑ Two-engine European makes the race in India. In: airpower.at. May 1, 2011, accessed August 6, 2017 . 
33. ↑ DSA 2018: Gripen in pole position after re-issuance of IAF fighter RFI, Janes, April 20, 2018
34. ↑ Used Aussie jets to cost millions more than earlier estimate. In: Radio Canada Online. March 4, 2019, accessed March 30, 2019 . 
35. ↑ defensa.com The Mexican Air Force will not purchase any more fighter jets , defensa.com, May 20, 2019
36. ↑ Manila eyes Gripen for future fighter force, Janes, October 18, 2018
37. ↑ Eurofighter is now on the kill list. kurier.at , July 5, 2017, accessed on August 5, 2017 . 
38. ^ Slovak Gripen website
39. ↑ Denmark receives only three offers (July 22, 2014)
40. ↑ Report in Aviation Week  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
41. ↑ Saabs Poker with the Gripen E did not work , Aargauer Zeitung, June 14, 2019
42. ↑ Aviation Safety Network: Aviation safety Network, report # 89896. In: https://aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network, February 6, 2011, accessed May 10, 2016 . 
43. ^ Lothar Martin: Hungarian fighter jet crashed during military exercise in Čáslav. In: radio.cz. Radio Prague, May 19, 2015, accessed on May 19, 2015 . 
44. ^ Beth Stevenson: Hungarian Gripen crashes in Czech Republic. In: Flightglobal.com. May 19, 2015, accessed on May 20, 2015 (English): "A Saab Gripen D crashed at Čáslav air base in the Czech Republic while landing during its participation in the multinational exercise Lion Effort on May 19." 
45. ↑ Beth Stevenson: Second Hungarian Gripen crashes at domestic air base. In: Flightglobal.com. June 11, 2015, accessed on June 11, 2015 (English): "Hungarian media claims one of the nation's Saab Gripens has crashed - the second in less than a month - leading to reports that Budapest has grounded its fleet until further notice." 
46. ↑ Gripen jet crashes during air show, pilot killed. In: bangkokpost.com. January 14, 2017, accessed January 14, 2017 . 
47. ↑ Swedish fighter jet crashes after collision with birds.
48. ↑ Military jets - history - technology - types. ISBN 3-7654-7035-X , p. 175.
49. ↑ Gripen NG's Advanced Turbofan Engine: An Overview - Gripen. In: gripenblogs.com. March 15, 2013, accessed August 6, 2017 . 
50. ↑ Detta är Super-Jas. In: nyteknik.se. December 7, 2011, accessed August 6, 2017 (Swedish). 
51. ↑ Nopporn Wong-Anan: UPDATE 3-Thailand to buy six Swedish Gripen fighters. In: reuters.com. October 17, 2007, accessed on August 6, 2017 (based on the Thai Gripen purchase). 
52. ^ Armaments program 2012: Gripen E combat aircraft. In: officiere.ch. November 15, 2012, accessed August 6, 2017 . 
    
53. ↑ Saab Gripen analysis - Defense Issues. In: defenseissues.net. February 16, 2013, accessed August 6, 2017 .