Sanoker Land

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Ruthenian Voivodeship
Coat of arms land of Sanok (Poland) Ruthenian Voivodeship, Poland
Sanoker Land

The Sanok Land (Polish: Ziemia Sanocka ; Latin: terra et districtus sanociensis ) was from 1340 to 1772 a part of the Ruthenian Voivodeship within the Polish-Lithuanian Empire .

geography

It was located in the extreme south of Poland-Lithuania on the rivers San and Wisłok in the pre-Carpathian hill country ( Dynów Mountains and Przemyśl Mountains in the north, Sanok lowlands in the center, Bieszczady in the south). The Polish districts of Sanok , Brzozów , Lesko (complete) and the independent cities of Krosno and Rzeszów (partially) are located in the area.

In the 16th century, the country was about 4,000 square kilometers.

Sanoker Land on a modern map with a topographical background              Border of the country (around 1600)              Border of the country (around 1400)
  • Cities and oldest villages (mentioned up to the year 1400)
    • Sanok Royal Castle The upper court of German law at Sanok Castle (1425–1553)
    Sanok ( Sanock ) on the old map of Poland. "Poloniae finitimarumque locorum descriptio" by Wacław Grodecki. 1579

    history

    Before the year 1340, only two places (Sanok and Trepcza ) were mentioned in a document, but the historian Adam Fastnacht estimated the number of existing settlements before that year to be less than 100, about 20% of the places mentioned later.

    There were two settlement chambers: On the western edge around Krosno there was an extension of the settlement from the Polish side of the Sanok plains around Jasło , due to the onomastics and the traces of traditional Polish law, more influenced by western Slavs and Poles. The smaller area around Sanok had a connection through the San Valley with the large settlement chamber around Przemyśl , which was settled in the 13th century by the Eastern Slavic-Ukrainian Orthodox population from the area around Sambor (Sambir) .

    In 1339, when the Magdeburg town charter was granted in Sanok, colonization under German law began. The founding privilege also proves the presence of German and Hungarian residents in the city, alongside Ruthenians and Poles. They lived in other cities up to the 15th century, and there was also increasing Jewish immigration in modern times. By the end of the 14th century, a total of 5 cities (except Sanok, Krosno , Tyczyn , Brzozów and Zarszyn ) and 19 villages were founded under German law. This wave of settlement formed the largest proportion of the rural German-speaking population, which left most traces around the towns of Krosno and Rymanów (see Forest Germans ). The court at the Sanok Royal Castle ( 1425 ) becomes the Supreme Court for numerous German towns and villages (until 1553 ). Colonization based on Wallachian law followed in the mountains (see Lemkenland ). The country's golden age was between 1500 and 1650. The number of places rose to 16 cities and over 442 villages. The next 150 years were described as ruin and [overgrowth by] vegetation .

    The Orthodox population belonged to the Peremyschl eparchy , the Roman Catholics to the Przemyśl diocese . In 1375 there were only 10 Roman Catholic churches in the country (3 in the cities: Brzozów, Krosno and Sanok, maybe also in Tyczyn; 7 in the villages: Blizne , Cergowa , Domaradz , Górki , Rogi , Równe , Bukowsko ).

    In 1765 there were 6 Jewish communities : Bukowsko, Dynów , Lesko , Nowotaniec , Rymanów , Sanok.

    literature

    • Robert Lipelt (Red.): Życie gospodarcze ziemi sanockiej od XVI do XX w. Sanok 2004, ISBN 83-914224-9-6 (Polish, online [PDF]).
    • The documents and files of the regional and upper bailiffs. The volumes and files for the period from the 14th century to 1772. Akta Grodzkie i Ziemskie , Lwów . 1868
    • Sanok [in:] Geographical place-name dictionary of the Polish Kingdom. Volume X. Warsaw . 1889 ( A picture database on Polish history ).
    • Przemysław Dąbkowski. The nationality relations in Sanoker Landes in the 15th century. Lemberg 1921
    • Przemysław Dąbkowski. Ziemia sanocka w XV stuleciu [The land of Sanok in the 15th century], 2 volumes. Lwów, 1931.
    • Adam Fastnacht : Osadnictwo Ziemi Sanockiej , [With German Zsfassg:] Settlement in the land of Sanok in the years 1340–1650. 1946
    • Ernst Black . From the "Forest Germans" in Galicia, "Silesia" century VZ III. Pp. 147-156.
    • Wojciech Blajer. Comments on the state of research on the Enklawen of the medieval German settlement between Wisłoka and San . [in:] Późne średniowiecze w Karpatach polskich. red. Prof. Jan Gancarski. Krosno. 2007. ISBN 978-83-60545-57-7

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Sąd wyższy prawa niemieckiego na zamku sanockim (1425-1553). Samolewicz. 1903
    2. ↑ Władysław Makarski, Stosunki etniczno-językowe regionu krośnieńsko sanockiego przed połową wieku XIV w świetle danych onomastycznych [Ethnic and Linguistic Relation in the Krosno and Sanok Region Before the Mid-14th Century in the Light of the Light Karpatach polskich. red. Prof. Jan Gancarski. Krosno, 2007, p. 45, ISBN 978-83-60545-57-7
    3. ↑ a b R. Lipelt, Życie gospodarcze ..., 2004, p. 77
    4. ↑ R. Lipelt, Życie gospodarcze ..., 2004, p 99
    5. ↑ Heronim E. Wyczawski: problem początków Diecezji przemyskiej . 1976, p. 138 (Polish, online [PDF]).

    Remarks

    1. ↑ a b In the late 15th century, the city of Tyczyn was spun off with about 20 villages.