Sárospatak

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Sárospatak
Sárospatak coat of arms
Sárospatak (Hungary)
Sárospatak
Sárospatak
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Northern Hungary
County : Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Sárospatak
Coordinates : 48 ° 19 '  N , 21 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 19 '9 "  N , 21 ° 33' 59"  E
Height : 113  m
Area : 139.08  km²
Residents : 12,920 (Jan. 1, 2011)
Population density : 93 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 47
Postal code : 3950
KSH kódja: 27474
Structure and administration (as of 2015)
Community type : city
Mayor : János Aros (Fidesz-KDNP)
Postal address : Kossuth et al. 44.
3950 Sárospatak
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )

Sárospatak [ ˈʃaːroʃpɒtɒk ] ( Slovak Šarišský Potok or Blatný Potok , German Patak am Bodrog ) is a city in Hungary . Among other things, it was the residence of the Rákóczi princes .

Geographical location

Sárospatak is located in northeast Hungary, 70 kilometers from the Miskolc county seat . On the Bodrog river near the Ukrainian and Slovakian borders and has almost 13,000 inhabitants (as of 2011). Sárospatak in County Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is located in the Tokaj wine region , near lies the wine village of Tokaj . In 1950 the place Bodroghalász was incorporated.

history

The present city dates back to a settlement from the 11th century, which was built as a hunting camp at the request of the Hungarian kings . The area between Sátoraljaújhely and Olaszliszka is occupied as a royal (hunting) property as early as 1200, during the reign of King Emmerich (1196–1204). In 1201 Emmerich bestowed the "hospites Potok", the guests of Potok, privileges equivalent to city rights. In 1221 a "villa Potok" was first mentioned. The foundations of a round church from the 10th-11th centuries found during excavations between 1962 and 1965 Century within the castle district suggest that the place was indeed of outstanding importance. There is also evidence of the founding of monasteries, namely the Dominicans around 1230 and the Franciscans also in the 13th century. It was only after 1450 that the current form of the name Sárospatak emerged. Around this time, the school of Sárospatak gained some importance because the future Archbishop of Hungary and Archbishop of Esztergom, László Szalkai (1475–1526), ​​received his training here.

In the first complex of the Rákóczi Castle , initially just a fort-like tower that was built to protect the settlement, the daughter of the Hungarian King Andreas II - who later became Saint Elizabeth - was born in 1207 and possibly baptized.

After the Arpad dynasty died out, the principle of travel kingship, which had been in use until then, also died out in Hungary . Sárospatak first came into the possession of the Perényi family. This had a fortified residential tower built from 1534, which is still the symbol of the city today and is shown on the 500 forint banknote. At the same time they founded a Latin school that first belonged to the Lutheran and later to the Calvinist reform movement . The property then became the property of the Dobó and Lorantffy families . In 1616 the property became an important part of the rulership of the Rákóczi family, who presided over Semplin County and emerged as followers of Calvinism in the 16th century. After his election as Prince of Transylvania , George I had the existing complex rebuilt in 1630 and redesigned it into a representative complex by adding three more wings.

The Rákóczi family also promoted the expansion of the Reformed College into a center of education, an “Athens on the Bodrog” or “Calvinist Athens”, which Johannes Comenius could also count among his academic teachers. With the death of George II Rákóczi in 1660 this line of development came to a standstill. The prince's widow, Zsófia (Sofie) Báthori, converted to Catholicism. In 1671 the college was closed. The resettlement followed under Prince Franz II. Rákóczi (1676 - 1735). The college with its library still exists today, as well as the Comenius Pedagogical University, which is now part of the Eszterházi Károlyi University in Eger. It is housed in an Art Nouveau building from 1913, which was planned by the architects Kismarty-Lechner Jenő és Varga László and incorporates elements of a neo-renaissance in its design.

In the 19th century, the castle first came into the possession of the von Bretzenheim family, then, from 1845 until the expropriation in 1945, into that of the Prince Windisch-Graetz .

Attractions

  • Sárospatak Castle ( Rákóczi Castle ). In the history of Hungary it has become a symbol of the battles waged against the Habsburgs . It also includes the castle church, today the St. Elisabeth Basilica, a Gothic hall church with a baroque high altar from the former Carmelite monastery in Ofen.
  • The house of St. Elisabeth (Szent Erzsébet Ház), opposite the church in the castle district, with a museum of church art and St. Elisabeth, a library and an archive.
  • Reformed college with the large library
  • Bodrog warehouse ( organic architecture , 1969)

Personalities

Sárospatak Castle
  • The later canonized Landgravine Elisabeth of Thuringia (* July 7, 1207; † November 17, 1231 in Marburg ; memorial day: November 19) was born here.
  • Georg I. Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania (1593–1648), was one of the most important rulers in Hungarian history in the 17th century; he died in Sárospatak in 1648. His widow Lorántffy Zsuzsanna also died here on April 18, 1660 .
  • Johann Amos Comenius stayed in Sárospatak from 1650 to 1654 as a teacher. He was a guest of the Rákóczi princely family and was entrusted with setting up a "Pansophic School". This is where the two books “ Orbis sensualium pictus ” (1658) and “Schola ludus” (1656) were created.
  • Jesuit father Johann Grueber (* 1623 in Linz, † 1680 in Sárospatak) was one of the first Europeans to visit Lhasa in Tibet in 1661 .
  • Imre Bezerédj (1679–1708) was a captain and leader of the Kuruc uprising against the Habsburgs .
  • János Erdélyi , writer and ethnographer, worked at the Sárospatak College from 1851–1862 and founded the Sárospataki-füzetek (Sárospatak notebooks).

Town twinning

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hörcsik, Richárd: Sárospatak, the birthplace of Thuringia St. Elizabeth of the House of Árpád, . In: Adorjáni Zsoltán (ed.): Református Szemle . tape 102 , no. 1 . Kolosvár 2009, p. 92-102 .
  2. ↑ Szentpétery Imre: Az Árpádházi királyok okleveleinek kritikai jegyzéke 1272-ig . tape II . Budapest 1943, p. 132, no.2150 .
  3. ↑ Hörcsik, Richárd: Sárospatak, the birthplace of the Thuringian Saint Elisabeth from the ruling house of Árpád . In: Adorjáni Zoltán (ed.): Református Szemle . tape 102 , no. 1 . Kolosvár 2009, p. 96 .
  4. ↑ József Ködöböcz: Lakóhelyünk Sárospatak és körzete . Sárospatak 2000, p. 78-79 .
  5. ↑ Information sheet with biographical data on the state exhibition Elisabeth of Thuringia at the Wartburg
  6. ^ Hans Conrad Peyer In: Quarterly journal for social and economic history. Vol 51, Wiesbaden 1964, pp. 1–21 .: The travel king of the Middle Ages . In: Mark Spoerer et al. (Ed.): Quarterly journal for social and economic history . tape 51 . Wiesbaden 1964, p. 1 - 21 .
  7. ↑ Kuklay Antal: Elisabeth path . Sárospatak 2011, ISBN 978-963-89226-3-2 , p. 26 .
  8. ^ János Szombathi :: Historia Scholae seu Collegii ref Sárospatakiensis . In: Monumenta protestantium hungariae ecclesiastica . tape 1 . Sárospatak 2010, ISBN 978-1-165-50884-6 , p. 197 .
  9. ↑ http://makovecz.hu/makoveczimre/epuletek/1969-sarospatak-bodrog-aruhaz/
  10. ↑ Bernd G. Längin : Unforgotten Home Transylvania . Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89350-789-2 , time table, p. 10-21 .
  11. ↑ Erdélyi, Johann (1814-1868), writer and philosopher. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1957, p. 260 f. (Direct links on p. 260 , p. 261 ).

Web links

Commons : Sárospatak  - collection of images, videos and audio files