Saurau (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Saurau

Saurau (also Soro ) is the name of an ancient noble family from Styria , which can be traced back to the beginning of the 12th century and belonged to the Lower Austrian rural nobility .

history

Old seat and beginnings of the family

The von Saurau family used the old ancestral castle "Saurau an der Mur " (near Unzmarkt in the Judenburg district ), which is now in ruins. The Palais Saurau (including Palais Saurau-Goeß) is named after their von Saurau and is a listed building in the Austrian city of Graz . Other historical buildings are also connected to the family history of the von Saurau family through ownership. These include a. Thalenstein Castle and the Alt-Teuffenbach and Eppenstein castles (castle ruins).

The Saurau family can be traced back to the beginning of the 12th century with Arnold Saurau (around 1117), Seyfried von Saurau (around 1176), Conrad von Saurau (around 1262) and Kaspar von Saurau (around 1390 to 1423). A later Conrad von Saurau bought Horneck Castle in 1373. Ottocar von Saurau inherited the estate in 1340 and therefore integrated the coat of arms of Offo and Lipp von Weitenbichl. The place Weitenbichl, Weitenpuechel in the year 1347, is called in German "the far stretched Bichl" and is located in the former Austrian municipality of Kulm am Zibrich . In 1446 Jörg, Ulrich the Elder and the Younger as well as Wolf and Kaspar von Saurau stood against the Hungarians in the line-up of the Styrian-Carinthian-Carniolan noble families . Ulrich von Saurau worked as the caretaker for the Count of Montfort zu Peckau (Styrian line) in 1451 . In 1477 Hans von Saurau was personally selected and appointed by the emperor as governor in Carniola from among the members of the parliament.

Kaspar von Saurau and the two main lines

Kaspar (also known as Georg) von Saurau married Dorothea von Fladnitz . They fathered nine sons and one daughter. One son, Wilhelm von Saurau, married Ursula von Wolkenstein; they in turn fathered Franz Bernhard Graf von Saurau and thus established the older line of Lobming . That Franz Bernhard in turn married Henriette Herrin von Stubenberg and fathered two daughters with her who died early, so that the line already expired in 1761.

Franz Joseph Count Saurau

Johann was another son and the founder of the younger line to Ligist and to Wolkenstein. His wife was Siguna von Apfaltern. In the sixth generation, the line split into two branches with Wolfgang Rudolph von Saurau (older, Styrian branch) and Sigmund Friedrich von Saurau (younger Austrian branch), those two sons of Karl von Saurau and Susanna Katharina von Tieffenbach. The younger Austrian branch first went out in the male line on June 9, 1832 with Franz Joseph Count von Saurau , in the female line this went out with his wife Maria Antonia Countess Lodron and her death on October 19, 1839. The older Styrian branch went out with Maria Zeno Count of Saurau on August 28, 1846.

Gravestones of the Saurau family have been preserved in the parish church of Großlobming .

Ennobling

Franz Bernhard Graf von Saurau and the older line of Lobming

Georg von Saurau from the older line received from Emperor Friedrich III. the hereditary Land-Untermarschallamt of the Duchy of Styria in 1453 after the death of those of Helfenberg . Franz von Saurau married Katharina von Rappach and was promoted to baron in 1553. On July 25, 1607, the status was bestowed on the entire family by Emperor Rudolph II. On January 5, 1638, Christoph Alban, Baron von Saurau from the older line of Lobming, was the first to receive the count status and the license to combine that of Lindegg with his coat of arms. Ehrenreich and Erasmus Wilhelm, the two sons of his uncle Johann Wilhelm, were later elevated to the rank of count on January 17, 1686 with the same title and coat of arms.

Johann von Saurau and the younger line to Ligist and to Wolkenstein

Franz von Saurau from the younger line was first raised himself, then his cousins ​​from the older line in Graz on November 13, 1553 to the baron status with the title of Ligist and Wolkenstein. In Vienna on March 22, 1625, his great-grandson, Baron Karl, received the Obersterbland-Marshalamt of Styria. In addition, he received the goods Frauenheim, Klein-Sölk and Friedstein accordingly. Charles was raised to the status of hereditary count in Prague on January 12, 1628. Later, on April 5, 1785, Count Raimund Maria von Saurau became indigenous to Hungary and was thus admitted to the Hungarian nobility. Count Franz von Saurau also received the Hungarian indigenous population on February 10, 1797, and the royal donation of the Merczidorf and Zsadany goods (municipality in Hungary) in the Temesvár Comitate on May 12 . The Count and Supreme Chancellor Franz von Saurau was the last of his line and was the first and only member of the family to wear the "golden fleece" since 1823.

The Saurauer and the medieval orders

On the history boards of the Order of St. John and the Teutonic Order , namesake of those of Saurau are recorded as "Commenthurs": Seyfried Graf Saurau in the 17th century with the German Order in Vienna , Max Guidobald Graf Saurau in Carniola, Mötling and Tschernembl, and Julius Ernst Graf von Saurau at the Order of Malta at Klein-Oels in the Principality of Brieg. Among the descendants of those of Saurau there were often outstanding armed heroes who supported the ancestral ruling house in need, or prominent statesmen such as the diplomat Wolfgang Freiherr von Saurau or Franz Graf von Saurau, fewer were found in the service of the church, who were knights of the Maria Theresa order there is none among them.

Dynastic marriage with the first families of Styria and the Imperial State

A large number of dynastic marriages took place. B. with those of Schrattenbach , Von Graben , Burgsthal, Thannhausen, Regal, Rindtscheidt, Poppendorf, Prant, Eibiswald , Rainach, Mersberg (Mörsberg, Mörsburg), Ratmannsdorf, Rüd von Kahlenberg, Datenbeck, Pollheim , Wildenstein , Färber von Rechelheim, Lengheim . So those from Saurau banded together with the first families in Styria. The family tables of this house show that they later became related to the first families of the imperial state such as Dietrichstein , Rindsmaul , Herberstein , Rosenberg , Attems , Breuner , Khevenhiller ( Khevenhüller ), Galler , Trauttmansdorff , Apfaltern (Abfalterer), Lamberg , Katzianer, Lodron, Khuenburg , Rottal , Schlik , Clam , Daun , Windisch-Grätz as well as Kollonitz and others.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

Blazon : The shield shows an ascending, curved silver tip in red ; on the helmet with red-silver covers a black cock's plume sprinkled with silver leaves (hearts) (later this is shown as three ostrich feathers ).

Barons coat of arms

Blazon according to Siebmacher's Wappenbuch (1605): The first increased coat of arms is quartered , fields 1 and 4: a curved silver tip in red (family coat of arms), field 2 and 4. 3: in gold, a gold-crowned black eagle with mutilated tail and feet (also known as a royal eagle or owl's body) with spread (also bat-like ) wings. Two crowned helmets rest on the shield: Helmet 1: on the helmet with red-silver covers a closed red flight with a curved silver tip (here the shield image moved upwards to become the second helmet ornament ), helmet 2: on the helmet with black and gold covers a black cock's plume (or three ostrich feathers), sprinkled with little silver hearts ( stem jewel ).

The: Declaration crest Mehrung took place in 1553, when Francis of Saurau, Lord on Ligist, Hornegg, Selva, Labegg and Premstätten in erbländisch-Austrian baron was charged.

Count's coat of arms

Blazon according to Constantin von Wurzbach : The count's coat of arms shows a six-field shield, divided twice vertically and once across, with a heart shield, the latter being squared; Fields 1 and 4 show a rising silver, slightly curved tip in red (old coat of arms); Fields 2 and 3 show a growing, crowned black dragon with outstretched wings in gold (according to older coat of arms descriptions: a crowned black flying bird without feet, which the Styrians call a Schicken, others a bat (Weitenbüchel)). In the main shield, 1 and 3 of blue and silver are striped six times diagonally to the right [according to the “Handbook for the genealogical pocket book of the count's houses” the colors of these fields are blue and silver; after Ritter von Schönfeld black and silver]; Fields 2 and 5 each show in red three elongated golden linden leaves on their stalks, which sprout from the middle of a triple green hill (Lindegg); Fields 4 and 6 each show in silver a double-tailed black, inward-facing lion .

literature

  • Johann Baptist Witting : The Lower Austrian rural nobility. Panels, SZ. In: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . Volume 4. Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1918, pp. 19-21: plates 7, 8 ( online ).
  • Johann Baptist Witting: The Lower Austrian rural nobility. Text, SZ. In: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . Volume 4. Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1918, pp. 22-28 ( online ).
  • Georg Clam Martinic : Castles and palaces in Austria - from Vorarlberg to Burgenland . Verlag A und M, St. Pölten / Vienna / Linz 1991, 506 pages ( online ).
  • Kurt Woisetschläger , Peter Krenn (editor) with contributions by Géza Hajós , Wolfram Helke, Horst R. Huber, Viktor H. Pöttler, Amélie Sztatecsny: Dehio-Handbuch . The art monuments of Austria. Styria (excluding Graz). Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-85028-439-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Constantin Wurzbach: Biographical Lexicon of the Austrian Empire. Twenty-eighth part hall - Sawiczewski and supplements (VII. Episode) . tape 28 , 1874, pp. 283 ff .
  2. ↑ Johann Baptist Witting: The Lower Austrian rural nobility. Panels, SZ. (Plate 7-8.) . In: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . tape 4 . Bauer and Raspe, Nuremberg 1908, p. 19-21 .
  3. ^ Castles and palaces in Austria | Web books in the Austria forum. Retrieved January 1, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Otto Michael Schinko: From Achner to Zugal: mountain, water, house, reed and settlement names in the upper Murtal . disserta Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-95425-968-7 ( google.de [accessed on January 1, 2019]).
  5. ^ Journal of the Historisches Verein für Steiermark, Volume 51 (1960): The Lords of the Grave. The story of a Styrian noble family. By Adalbert Sikora, p. 65
  6. ^ Carl Schmutz: Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark . tape 3 , 1822, p. 453–454 ( google.de [accessed January 1, 2019]).