Sheleznovodsk

city Zheleznovodsk Железноводск flag coat of arms Federal district North Caucasus region Stavropol Urban district Sheleznovodsk mayor Viktor Losovoi Founded 1842 City since 1917 surface 44  km² population 24,433 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 555 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 450  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 87932 Post Code 357400-357419 License Plate 26, 126 OKATO 07 412 Website adm.zheleznovodsk.info Geographical location Coordinates 44 ° 9 '  N , 43 ° 0'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 9 '0 "  N , 43 ° 0' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in the Stavropol Territory

List of cities in Russia

Zheleznovodsk ( Russian Железноводск ) is a city in the Stavropol region ( Russia ) with 24,433 inhabitants (14 October 2010).

geography

The city is located in the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus , which reach an altitude of 1,400 meters south of the place with the Beschtau , about 190 km southeast of the regional capital Stavropol .

Zheleznovodsk is administratively directly subordinate to the region.

Schelesnowodsk endpoint is a short branch line, which at the station Beschtau of the railway Mineralnyje Wody - Pjatigorsk - Kislowodsk branches.

history

In 1810 the medicinal waters in the area of ​​today's city of Schelesnowodsk were discovered and described for the first time by the German-Russian doctor Friedrich Joseph Haass (Russian Фёдор Петрович Гааз / Fjodor Petrowitsch Gaas; 1780–1853; since 1806 in Russian service). Further sources were discovered in 1823.

The spa was officially founded in 1842 and was initially called Schelesnowodskaja sloboda (from Russian scheleso for iron and voda for water ; the mountain north of the city is called Schelesnaya , Eisenberg ).

From the end of the 19th century the place had the status of a Staniza ; In 1917 city rights were granted.

During the Second World War , Zheleznovodsk was occupied by the German Wehrmacht on August 10, 1942 and recaptured on January 12, 1943 by troops of the Transcaucasus Front of the Red Army . The city was significantly destroyed during the fighting, but rebuilt after the war.

At a meeting on July 16, 1990 between the then Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl and the then Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev , the last obstacles on the way to German unity, such as NATO membership for all of Germany, were removed and the breakthrough in negotiations with the Soviet Union was achieved .

Population development

year	Residents
1897	300
1939	7,427
1959	11,927
1970	18,795
1979	23,537
1989	28,460
2002	25,135
2010	24,433
2017	25.203

Note: census data (1897-1939 rounded)

Culture and sights

Hot air balloons over Zheleznovodsk

In a series of Zheleznovodsk spa buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries has been preserved, the Old Barjatinbad ( Старобарятинские ванны ) of 1856, the Slawjanowbad ( Славяновские ванны ) of 1875, the Ostrowskibad ( Островские ванны ) of 1893 and the summer house Emir of Bukhara from 1907.

The spa park in the east of the city was also laid out in the 19th century and expanded in the 1930s to include fountains and water basins in the style of “Stalinist neoclassicism”. Here is also the iron Pushk Gallery , which was bought in 1896 after the All-Russian Exhibition of Industry and Crafts in Nizhny Novgorod and rebuilt here until 1902 and today u. a. is used for concert events.

The city has a local museum. The former post office was also converted into a museum.

economy

As one of the Caucasian mineral water health resorts (= Kawminwody , the others are Pyatigorsk , Kislovodsk and Essentuki ), Zheleznovodsk is one of the most important balneological health resorts in Russia. As such, Zheleznovodsk has the status of a federal health resort . Diseases of the digestive tract, urinary tract and metabolism are treated here on the basis of 24 cold and up to 55 ° C warm medicinal springs .

Various mineral waters are also bottled in six factories ( Slavyanovskaya , Smirnovskaya , Nagutskaya, etc.)

sons and daughters of the town

• Yaroslav Prokhanov (1902–1965), Russian botanist
• Wassili Blücher (1928–2013), Russian scientist; Son of Wassili Blücher
• Alexei Lyssjakow (* 1969), Russian politician; Member of the Duma from 2011 to 2016
• Vladimir Rschewski (* 1987), Russian football player

Web links

Commons : Zheleznovodsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• City administration website (Russian)
• Zheleznovodsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Жертвы политического террора в СССР , lists.memo.ru (Russian)
3. ↑ Блюхер Василий Васильевич - По военным дорогам отца , militera.lib.ru (Russian)
4. ↑ Лысяков Алексей Алексеевич - Депутат Государственной Думы 6 созыва , portal.parliament.gov.ru (Russian)
5. ↑ Vladimir Rzhevski , int.soccerway.com