Ship sizes and waterways
The dimensions of waterways , straits and port facilities result in maximum ship dimensions . Often, however, the specified draft and the specified width or length cannot be fully used at the same time. In addition, certain ship sizes have become commonplace, which are mainly used for the comparative assessment of ship and charter prices in the maritime industry.
It should be noted in detail that a ship that has been loaded in seawater to a certain draft (nautical: "unloaded") is about 2% lower due to the 2% lower density of fresh water in an inland port or in the Panama Canal sink in. The salinity and temperature are also different in different seas , which also influences the density and thus the draft.
Ship sizes
| Ship size | Waters | Length / m | Width / m | Height / m | Draft / m | Load capacity | charge | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aframax | - | - | - | - | - | 70,000 to 119,000 t | crude oil | - |
| Baltimax | Baltic Sea entrance to the Great Belt | - | - | 65 | 15.4 | 205,000 t | crude oil | B-Max also more charge |
| Baltic Max feeder | Baltic Sea | ≈168 | ≈27 | - | 9.6 | ≈1400 TEU | Container | for feeder ships |
| Capesize | - | - | - | - | - | - | Bulk, crude oil | too big for Suez Canal and Panama Canal |
| Chinamax | - | 360 | 65 | - | 24 | 400,000 t | Bulk cargo | chinese ports |
| Dark max | Dunkirk lock , France | 289 | 45 | - | - | ≈175,000 t | ore | - |
| Large motor cargo ship | Inland waterway class Vb | 110 | 11.4 | 5.25 | 2.8 | 2800 t, 200 TEU | - | - |
| Handysize (Handymax) | - | 180 | 27 | - | 10 | 10,000 to 40,000 t | Bulk cargo | four cranes |
| Japanamax | Seto Inland Sea | 225 | - | - | - | 77,000 to 82,000 t | Bulk cargo | - |
| Kamsarmax | Kamsar , Guinea | 229 | - | - | - | 82,000 t | bauxite | - |
| Malaccamax | Strait of Malacca | 470 | 60 | - | ≈20 | ≈300,000 t, ≈30,000 TEU | unspecific | - |
| Medimax | Gas Terminal- Skikda , Algeria | 240 | - | - | 12.2 | 70,000 to 74,000 m 3 | Liquid gas | - |
| Newcastle Max | Newcastle Harbor , Australia | - | 47 | - | - | 180,000 t | coal | - |
| NOKmax | Kiel Canal | 235 | 32.5 | 40.0 | 9.5 | - | - | at max. Length and width, the maximum draft is 7.0 m |
| Panamax | Panama Canal | 294 | 32.3 | 57.9 | 12 | 80,000 t, 5,000 TEU | - | - |
| Panamax II | Panama Canal , expansion | 366 | 49 | 57.9 | 15.2 | 200,000 t, 14,000 TEU | - | since June 26, 2016 |
| Q-Max | Ras Laffan port , Qatar | 345 | 53.8 | - | 12.0 | 266,000 m 3 | natural gas | - |
| Saimax | Saimaa Canal | 82.5 | 12.6 | - | 4.35 | 3000 t | - | - |
| Seawaymax | St. Lawrence Seaway | 226 | 24 | 35.5 | 7.9 | 28,500 t | Bulk cargo | - |
| Setouchmax | Seto Inland Sea | 299 | - | - | 16.1 | 205,000 t | Ore, coal | - |
| Suezmax | Suez Canal | - | 77.5 | 68 | 20.1 (from 2010) | 240,000 t, 14,000 TEU | - | - |
| Supramax | - | 189.99 | 32.26 | - | 12.02 | ≈52,500 t | Bulk cargo | four cranes |
Size of container ships
There are different generations of container ships:
- 1st generation: built from 1960, length: 137–192 meters, width: 29 meters, draft: 10 meters, TEU : 1000
- 2nd generation: built from 1969, length: 213.5 meters, width: 29 meters, draft: 11.5 meters, TEU: 2000
- 3rd generation: built from 1971, length: 260–290 meters, width: 32.2 meters, draft: 12.5 meters, TEU: 2600–3100, drive: 2 geared steam turbines on 2 screws or 3 diesels on 3 screws
- 4th generation: built from 1988, length: 294 meters, width: 32.3 meters, draft: 13.5 meters, TEU: 3800-5100, drive: 1 diesel on one screw
- Postpanamax : built from 1988, length: 284–318 meters, width: 37.80–42.80 meters, draft: 13.50–14.50 meters, TEU 4600–7000
- 5th generation: Since 1997 there have been so-called Super Postpanamax ships with lengths of 322–367 meters, widths 42.8 and 45.6 meters, TEU 7,000–10,000
- Suezmax is the name given to the next generation ships with 12,000-13,000 TEU, which have been in service since 2006 (cf. Emma Mærsk class ). Their size is limited by the draft of the Suez Canal.
- Malaccamax : Container ships with up to 18,000 TEU have been calculated in a feasibility study by several design offices and by Germanischer Lloyd since 1999 . Here, too, the draft is the limiting factor.
Ship tunnel
The first ship tunnel planned from sea to sea (fjord to fjord) in Norway by Stadlandet ( Stad ship tunnel ) is planned to have 12 m water depth, 26.5 m width and 37 m height at the end of 2019.
Other waterways
The Danube with locks and bridges, the Rhine , the Dardanelles from the Mediterranean Sea into the Black Sea, the entrance to the Venice lagoon are also waterways that limit the size of ships.