Castle trips
The Trips Castle is a moated castle in the Wurmtal on the northeastern outskirts of Geilenkirchen in North Rhine-Westphalia . The complex is considered to be the most important water system in the western border region and is often referred to as Trips Castle , as its core castle - today's manor house - has retained its defensive character despite renovations in the 18th century. It is thus a vivid example of a castle that is essentially medieval , which has been changed into a castle-like country seat over the centuries according to changing demands and tastes.
history
Ancestral seat of the Berghe von Trips family since the 14th century , in the first half of the 18th century the complex came to the barons of Eynatten , who had the imposing complex redesigned in the Baroque style through alterations and extensions .
The palace complex has been a listed building since August 18, 1982 . At the beginning of the 21st century, their two outer castles were rebuilt and expanded and have served as retirement and nursing homes as well as senior citizens' homes ever since. Schloss Trips is therefore usually not open to the public.
description
The palace complex consists of two outer castles , a manor house and a large garden, which - surrounded by an elongated, rectangular moat - are located on four islands. The entire building stock dates from the 15th to 19th centuries and is surrounded by long avenues of chestnut trees.
architecture
Mansion
The small inner courtyard of the four-wing brick mansion can be entered through a wooden entrance in the western facade, to which a massive stone bridge leads from the inner outer bailey. The building emerged from the former late Gothic castle house and has an almost square floor plan. According to Georg Dehio , it is one of the "most interesting medieval castle houses on the Lower Rhine ". Unlike most, similar-looking moated castles, its foundations are not based on a pile grid , but stand on older wall remains. Its oldest building stock includes the north wing from the 15th century - the former palace - and the right-angled east wing, which was built only a short time later and the different times of construction can be recognized by a wall seam. All the wings of the mansion stand on a high substructure that supports two residential floors above. All basement floors have small light slits in the house surround . On the outer long side of the north wing there are four simple arched windows on each floor , which replaced the older cross-frame windows and were probably used in the classicist period. The walled-in niche of a toilet dungeon can be seen on its short east side . On the courtyard side of the north wing is a narrow corridor from the 17th / 18th. Century upstream. It has arched openings on the ground floor , while arched windows on the 1st floor and oval hatches on the 2nd floor. The wing is closed off by a high, steep hipped roof. The same applies to the eastern wing of the building, whose upper part of the masonry only seems to date from the 18th century. On the courtyard side, an outside staircase leads to the higher-lying portal of the building.
With the exception of its Gothic outer wall, the southern residential wing of the manor house is the youngest part of the building and dates from the Baroque period. It differs from the other wings by its low hipped roof and has three arched windows on each storey on its outer facade.
On the west side there is the mighty keep with seven storeys that rise on a square floor plan. Its shape is the mountain peace of the Electoral Cologne country castles modeled. The defense tower is crowned by a low mansard dome from the 18th century with a lantern at the end, and the edge of the roof is decorated with a small frieze that extends all around . This can also be found at the four corner control rooms , which are only halfway up because they were shortened when the tower was given its current hood. Diagonally below on the south side are the console stones of a no longer existing toilet facility.
The motif of the corner room is repeated on three of the four corners of the manor house, which are reinforced by a kind of pilaster strip . On the upper floor there is a cantilevered, round corner tower resting on corbels as the end, but all of them are only rudimentary.
Outer castles
The Trips Castle is one of the rare complexes that have two outer castles. According to their distance from the manor house, they are referred to as the inner and outer outer bailey. Both are two-story and were built from brick in the second half of the 17th century. Wall anchors of the outer bailey on the outside of its west wing indicate the year of the work: 1627.
A long, brick-built bridge leads to the arched entrance portal of the outer bailey, which is crowned by a triangular gable. Like all the gates of the outer castles, it has a frame made of light stone and is framed by pilasters . A finely profiled cornice forms the upper end , above which is the alliance coat of arms Eynatten-Asbeck with the year 1844. This is framed by the slots in the seesaw beams for the former drawbridge .
The western part of the north wing used to house stables and has small windows with house frames that are barred on the ground floor. The eastern part of the wing has larger windows, which is due to the fact that there has been a tenant apartment there since 1876.
The outer bailey was a right-angled two-wing building until the 21st century. A third wing in the east was planned in the 17th century, but was never implemented. The current east and south wings were only built in 2002/2003 in order to be able to use the outer bailey as a nursing home. The four tracts delimit a large farm yard, from which a bridge in the south leads to the inner outer bailey.
The inner bailey is a horseshoe-shaped three-wing building that is open to the manor house. Its southern wing is a new building from the 1960s and replaced the predecessor that was destroyed in 1944. The two originally preserved wings of the building have corner cuboids on the outside over a sloping base with bulging in the house and in the lower area several narrow loopholes with house edging. The castle chapel , which was set up in 2003, is located in the attic ; the roofs date from after 1880 when a fire destroyed them. The arched gate passage has a small roof turret with a bell, which bears the following inscriptions: "ADOLFUS BARON FROM AND TO TRIPS 1711", "NEW MOLDED BY LAUDY MMXII", "FRANZ ET MARIA DAVIDS". Since October 2012 it has replaced a predecessor from 1711 that disappeared decades ago and has the strike note h²-1. The area of the north wing next to the gate used to house utility rooms, the ground floor of which has a ceiling with groin vaults . The west wing of the inner bailey used to serve as a barn .
Garden and park
In the 18th century, a baroque garden with symmetrical shapes was laid out on the south side of the castle , but after it was destroyed in the Second World War , its design is only roughly recognizable. Its northeast corner is marked by an 18th century pavilion with a curved dome . To the south of the garden are the remains of a park that was designed based on the models of the English landscape garden. The park and garden together cover an area of around 8.4 hectares.
Manor interiors
In the interior of the manor house, despite the baroque redesign, some 15th century features have been preserved, such as seating windows, large fireplaces and wall paintings . The beamed ceilings on the second floor are probably also from the original building. The cellars of the building still have the original ceilings from the time of construction; partly vaulted ceilings , partly beamed ceilings. The rest of the interior furnishings, however, essentially come from the Baroque second half of the 18th century. These include stucco ceilings , painted and stuccoed chimneys as well as a valuable inlaid floor, which is part of the furnishings of the 9.50 by 5.30 meter baroque ballroom on the first floor of the north wing. The 5.80 meter high room has low paneling , roughly waist-high , the painted panels of which feature pilasters. Together with an elaborately designed fireplace and the wooden shelf, they form an equipment ensemble that is one of the few baroque interiors in Rhenish castles that have been preserved.
The interior of the keep was heavily modified after it was built. Three loopholes and a barrel vault have been preserved on its ground floor . The simple staircase in the east wing of the mansion, on the other hand, dates from the Rococo period .
history
Residents and owners
In 1172, Meinerus von Trips, the name Trips was first mentioned in a document, but according to the current state of research, he is not considered to be the founder of the castle complex at that time. Arnold Parvus (the younger) von Pallandt (descendant of Winrich I., Ministeriale von Walberberg ) becomes the new lord of Trips and Breitenbend through purchase from the descendants of Meineres von Trips 1312 to 1343; he remained without children and Trips fell to Johannes von Pallandt, Herr von Trips, as the feudal man of the Brabant Duke Johann III. Through the marriage of her niece Angela von Pallandt von Trips (daughter of Daniël von Pallandt, son of Carsilius von Pallandt, Lord von Trips), the property passed to her husband Daem (also Adam) von Berghe in 1376 , whose daughter from his first marriage brought him to the Marriage to Arnold von Mervede brought to Steyn. He pledged the property to his wife's cousin, whose name was Daem von Berghe like his father. His son Wilhelm owns the castle in 1402. Wilhelm's son Carsilius combined his family name with that of the castle and called himself from 1473 "von Berghe, called Trips" or Berghe von Trips for short . Daem von Berghe was also a descendant of Winrich I. von Walberberg near Bornheim.
In 1612, the Hereditary Marshal von Geldern , Arnold von Boetberg, was a tenant from Trips. He was followed in 1622 by his brother-in-law Hermann von Hoensbroech , before the castle passed to Heinrich von Berghe zu Anstel after his death. His family remained in possession of the complex until the 18th century.
With the death of Adolph Berghe von Trips, the son of Hermann Dietrich von Berghe and his wife Magdalena Regina von Eynatten, the Berghe von Trips (zu Trips) line died out in the male line in 1726. Adolph's cousin Johann Stephan von Eynatten zu Reimersbeek, a son of Julia Salome Berghe von Trips, was enfeoffed with the castle in 1727. Descendants of the Barons von Eynatten used the complex as a residence until the 1980s.
The Eynatten couple sold the building in April 1989 to a Kerpen building contractor, the “Castle King” Herbert Hillebrand . He wanted to convert one of the two outer castles into a senior residence, while the manor house was to be used as a small hotel and restaurant. However, the exact planning dragged on over several years, during which unauthorized interventions in the building fabric weakened it considerably. The rededication of the buildings had not yet begun when they were sold to Franz Davids. He took up Hillebrand's building plans and built a senior citizens' residence with 80 living and care places in the outer bailey by October 2003.
Building history
The von Trips family built the first castle and thus the predecessor of today's buildings in the 14th century. Their successors, the Berghe von Trips family, had the core castle rebuilt in the 15th century . It was a residential building on the north side of today's manor island and a short time later the east wing adjoining it was built at right angles. On the other two sides, the main castle was closed by a high shield wall - probably with a wooden battlement on the inside - the south-west corner of which was formed by a massive keep, also built in the 15th century. Trips thus had the typical shape of a medieval, Rhenish moated castle, which was, however, much larger than most of the other facilities in the region. Around 1672 the two outer castles were completely rebuilt.
An earthquake in 1755, which for example also largely destroyed the Palant house in what is now Weisweiler , was probably the cause of severe damage to Trips Castle, so that extensive repairs were necessary. The owners took this as an opportunity to redesign the castle house in order to make the massive building a little defensible and to give it the appearance of a castle-like country estate. The barons of Eynatten had a new residential wing built in the Baroque style using the Gothic shield wall on the south side of the Herrenhausinsel and thus expanded the old castle house into a closed four-wing complex with an inner courtyard. At the same time, the interiors of the two old building wings were redesigned and modernized. The main castle underwent a final expansion phase in the early 19th century, as evidenced by the rich design of the entrance hall in the east wing.
The Second World War did not leave Schloss Trips unscathed. The baroque garden south of the manor house was completely destroyed, as was the southern wing of the inner outer bailey. In 1965, the owners at the time decided to rebuild it in order to then use it as an apartment. The abandonment of residential use meant that the mansion began to deteriorate in the 1960s. Among other things, the lowering of the groundwater level increased the risk of its stability. The roof of the building also needed renovation because rainwater that had penetrated after war damage caused the wood of the roof beams to rot. Therefore, the first security measures began in 1982 on the roof structure and the outer walls of the manor house. Others followed in the 1990s. From 2005 maintenance and restoration work followed in the interior and for the overall security of the building.
Todays use
The manor house of the palace complex is empty after the security work carried out so far. In the 1980s there were attempts to find usage concepts for the building, but these could not be implemented. A retirement and nursing home as well as apartments for the elderly are housed in the two outer castles. That is why the castle is not open to the public. Once a month, however, there is the opportunity to visit the facility as part of a guided tour.
Since the 1960s, the grounds of the castle have also been the venue for the "Tripser Schloßwiesen" horse show, which is organized every two years by the 1907 Geilenkirchen Equestrian Club.
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments . North Rhine-Westphalia I. Rhineland . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1967, pp. 199–200.
- Kristin Dohmen: Schloss Trips. Start of construction and building research at the main castle - an interim report . In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland . Vol. 23, No. 2, 2006, ISSN 0177-2619 , pp. 84-86.
- Gustav Grimme: Castles around Aachen. Volume 2: Castles in the west and east of the city . Siemes, Aachen 1938, pp. 151-160.
- Hans-Dieter Heckes: The baroque ballroom of Burg Trips . In: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district . Heinsberg 2000, ISSN 1615-7761 , pp. 130-144.
- Rita Hombach: Landscape gardens in the Rhineland. Recording of the historical inventory and studies of garden culture of the "long" 19th century. Contributions to the architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 37.Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2010, ISBN 978-3-88462-298-8 , pp. 191-194.
- Hans Kisky : Castles and manors in the Rhineland. Based on old engravings and templates . Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1960 ( castles, palaces, mansions . Volume 15), pp. 32–34.
- Karl Emerich Krämer: Castles in and around Aachen . Mercator, Duisburg 1983, ISBN 3-87463-113-3 , pp. 46-48.
- Lutz Henning Meyer: The Wasserburg Trips. Part 1 . In: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district . Heinsberg 1986, ISSN 1615-7761 , pp. 47-51.
- Lutz Henning Meyer: The Wasserburg Trips. Part 2 . In: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district . Heinsberg 2004, ISSN 1615-7761 , pp. 147-152.
- Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. History, forms, functions. A manual . Weidlich, Würzburg [1984], ISBN 3-8035-1239-5 , pp. 180-181, 194.
- Edmund Renard : The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen . L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904 ( Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz . Volume 8, Section 2), pp. 199–206 ( digitized version ).
- LVR Office for the Preservation of Monuments in the Rhineland (ed.): Burg Trips. From the findings to the concept. Documentation of the 9th student workshop of the German National Committee for Monument Protection in cooperation with the LVR Office for Monument Preservation in the Rhineland from 8 to 14 September 2014 (= messages from the LVR Office for Monument Preservation in the Rhineland. Volume 20). Pulheim-Brauweiler 2015.
Web links
- Schloss Trips on Wilhelm Jansen's private website about Geilenkirchen
- Photo of the valuable inlaid floor in the palace's baroque festival hall
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans Kisky: Palaces and manors in the Rhineland. 1960, p. 32.
- ^ Käthe and Bernd Limburg: Monuments in the city of Geilenkirchen , accessed on January 13, 2010.
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Rhineland. 1967, p. 200.
- ^ Lutz Henning Meyer: The Wasserburg Trips. Part 1. 1986, p. 49.
- ↑ a b Kristin Dohmen: Schloß Trips. Start of construction and building research at the main castle. 2006, p. 84.
- ↑ a b c Hanns Ott: Rheinische Wasserburgen. [1984], p. 194.
- ^ Lutz Henning Meyer: The Wasserburg Trips. Part 1. 1986, p. 48.
- ↑ Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 201.
- ↑ Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 204.
- ↑ a b Website of the Franziskusheim located in the castle ( Memento from July 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 203.
- ^ A b Hans-Dieter Heckes: The baroque festival hall of Burg Trips. 2000, p. 133.
- ↑ www.landesmuseum-mannheim.de ( Memento from October 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 14, 2010.
- ^ Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. [1994], p. 180.
- ^ Karl Emmerich Krämer: Castles in and around Aachen. 1983, p. 46.
- ^ Lutz Henning Meyer: The Wasserburg Trips. Part 2. 2004, p. 148.
- ↑ Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 202.
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 17 ″ N , 6 ° 7 ′ 59 ″ E