Swedish kings of legends
The rulers who are said to have ruled the ethnic groups who inhabited the area of present-day Sweden and the surrounding regions before the 10th century are referred to as Swedish legend kings .
swell
The Swedish legend kings were reported in Nordic heroic poems ( Ynglingatal ) and in the various Icelandic sagas such as the Ynglinga saga ( Heimskringla ), as well as in the Anglo-Saxon Beowulfepos (8th century), the Historia Norwegiæ (around 1200), the Gesta Danorum (around 1190 ), Rimbert's Vita sancti Ansgari (around 876) or Adam von Bremen's Church History (around 1070). In the Hervarar saga and in the Langfeðgatal norska konunga , rows of kings were established until 1333.
Historicity of Kings
The kings are partly classified in the field of mythology, partly at least their historical existence is considered possible in the science of history.
There are many legendary kings named Erik for pagan times: Erik Björnsson, Erik Emundsson, Erik Anundsson, Erik Revilsson, Erik Väderhatt. They cannot be considered historical. Even the legendary king Erik, who, according to the Ynglingatal , belonged to the Yngling family along with his brother Alrik, was not historical either. The Ynglingatal makes the two sons of King Agnes. According to Aris Íslendingabók and the Historia Norvegiae , Erik was Alrik's son. There has been much speculation about these two. Sometimes they should belong to the time of the Great Migration , sometimes a transmission of the Greek Dioscuri , sometimes it was said that they were just wrongly classified in the Ynglingatal and belonged to the 9th century and Erik was identical to a king of the same name at Rimbert .
Erik Årsäll also has no place in the Swedish royal line. He is identified in some historical literature with Erik Segersäll , Stenkil , King Kol and Erik the Saint . He is mentioned for the first time in a version of the legend of Olav the Saint and is there identical to Erik Segersäll, the last pagan king. However, it is possible that he was a later crown pretender who led the last pagan resistance in Sweden. Because in the description of Heimskringla he is mentioned in connection with Nils Svenssons and Sigurd Jorsalafari's crusade to Småland to Blot-Sven. There he is referred to as the last pagan king. It seems more likely that the Heimskringla moved Sweden's last pagan king, Erik Årsäll, from the end of the 10th century to the 1120s as a person distinct from Erik Segersäll than that the saga of Olav the Saint moved him from around 1120 in postponed the time before Olof Skötkonung and merged him with Erik Segersäll. The fact that the Icelandic genealogy Langfeðgatal norska konunga also put it in the period after 1130 has no independent source value. This is because it is a compilation of genealogies common in Iceland with Swedish king lines of the Uppsala type. In the Icelandic genealogy, Sverker the Elder was called "Kolsson" after a king Kol, who is said to have been Blot-Sven's son. Langfeðgatal's unreliability also results from the fact that this king should belong to Kol after 1170 and should have been one of the candidates for the throne of the Sverker family in the fight against Knut Erikssons.
Kings of the Ynglingar and other rulers
Fjolnir
Fjölnir , Fjolner or Fjölner is said to have been the son of the mythological god Freyr and the giantess Gerdhr . According to the poetry Grottesången , he ruled the Svear at the time of Emperor Augustus . In the Heimskringla it is reported that he drowned in a large container with mead at the Danish king Fróði .
Sveigder
According to Heimskringla, Sveigder , Svegder or Swegde was married to Vana from Wanenheim . Snorri Sturluson took the story of his death from the Ynglingatal . He is said to have wandered to the eastern edge of his empire in search of Asgard , where a dwarf enchanted him so much that he followed it into a large stone from which he never emerged again.
Vanlade
Vanlade or Vanlande is described as a successful fighter. He visited Snær the Elder (a personification of snow ) in Finland and was married to his daughter Driva. He later fell victim to a mystical female figure (Mara) who is probably a personification of death by suffocation.
Visbur
Visbur follows Vanlade in the Heimskringla as his son. With a daughter of Auðr the rich, he fathered the sons Gisl and Öndur. After the separation, his wife traveled back to their hometown with the children. With his second wife Visbur had the son Domaldi. His firstborn sons later returned to claim their mother's dowry. When Visbur refused to do this, Gisl and Öndur burned him with his house.
Domaldi
When Domaldi was king in Old Uppsala , there were several years of bad harvests . Since none of his animal and human sacrifices contributed to improving the situation, he finally sacrificed himself.
Domar
According to Heimskringla, there was much prosperity in the Svear Empire during Domar's reign.
Dyggve
Also Dyggves years as king be described as successful. After his death he is said to have come to the underworld and married a daughter of Loki , who wanted a royal husband.
Dag the wise
Dag was a son of Dyggve and is said to have understood the language of birds . He had a tamed sparrow that flew around telling him the news from his realm. The sparrow was killed in Reidgotaland (probably the Ostrogoth area on the Black Sea). Dag traveled abroad to avenge the murder of his bird by attacking the town of Varra. On the way back he was ambushed by a slave.
Agne
Heimskringla writes about Agne Skjafarbonde that he was the son of Dag the Wise and that he caught the pretty girl Skjalf Frostesdotter during a raid in Finland . When they were back at Lake Mälaren , Skjalf persuaded her companions to hang Agne on a spruce branch with his own gold collar. Agne to the hill grave have been buried by Lillhersby.
Erik and Alrik
The sons of Agnes followed him as rulers of the Svear. According to tradition, Alrik and Erik are said to have beaten each other to death with the bridle of their horses, but Erik survived the duel in the Gesta Danorum .
Yngvi and Alf
The brothers Yngvi and Alf (or Elfse ) were descendants of Alrik. Alf is said to have been quiet, ambitious and not very communicative. When he caught Yngvi on the throne with his own wife, he murdered his brother. However, Yngvi managed to direct a fatal blow with his sword against Alf, so that both fell to the ground.
Hugleik
Hugleik or Ochilaik was, according to Heimskringla, Alf's son. He is described as non-warlike, whopreferredthe company of jugglers and fortune tellers ( Völva ) to the fray. When the warrior Haki Alt-Uppsala attacked , Hugleik was murdered along with his two sons.
Haki
Haki was King of the Svear for two years after his victory. He was attacked by Hugleik's cousins Jorund and Erik. Erik fell in the battle and Haki later also died from his injuries.
Jorund
Jorund plundered neighboring countries after he came to power (probably in the 5th century). When he was in a bay in the Limfjord in Denmark , he was tracked down by the Norwegian King Gylaug, whose father he and Erik had murdered. The Danes helped the Norwegians, which resulted in Jorund's arrest and execution on the gallows.
Aun
Aun , On , One , Auchun or Aun the old , the son of Jorund, is described in the legends as a wise king who was less warlike and more interested in the maintenance of peace. He was attacked by the Danish Prince Halfdan and fled to the Gauten in Västergötland after a lost battle . After Halfdan's death, Aun returned to Uppsala, but he was already 60 years old and therefore sacrificed his own son to Odin so that he could live another 60 years. After 25 years, Aun was attacked by Ale the Strong, a cousin of Halfdan, and defeated in several battles, so that Aun again fled to the Gauten. Ale ruled until he was beaten by Starkad the old man.
Aun took the throne again, but now Odin demanded that he sacrifice a son every ten years if he wanted to live longer. When Aun was around 200 years old, the Svear prevented him from making another human sacrifice, and so his son Egil became king. Aun is said to have been buried in a burial mound in Old Uppsala.
Egil
Also Egil or Ongenþeow is described in the writings just like his father but peaceful. According to Heimskringla , Egil's treasurer Tunni bought an army for the money he secretly stole from the royal fortune. In eight battles Egil is forced to flee to Denmark, where he receives a new army, provided that he pays taxes to the Danish side. Egil is said to have been fatally wounded by a wild bull while hunting.
Ottar or Ohtere
The Ynglingatal names Ottar as king in Alt-Uppsala for the first half of the 6th century. Some researchers identify him with the Ohtere mentioned in Beowulf , according to which Ohtere had two sons named Eanmund and Edgilds , of whom the latter later became king. Ohtere should together with the Gauts or Goths against his brother Onela have struggled following him king.
Ottar died in Vendel , which in Snorris Heimskringla is clearly identified as the northern area of Jutland . On the other hand, according to Swedish popular belief from later times, he is buried in Ottarshögen in the municipality of Tierp in northern Uppland . This region is also known as Vendeln and gave its name to the historical period of the Vendel era .
Ottar is often nicknamed Vendelkråka , but the meaning of this term is controversial. Snorri explains the first part of the name with the place of death and the second with the fact that the Danes only sent a wooden crow (Swedish: kråka ) instead of the body to Sweden.
Onela
Onela , Ale , Åle or Ole became king of the Svear in the early 6th century after his brother Ottar fell in battle, according to Beowulf. Ottar's sons, Eanmund and Edgild, sought protection from Heardred , who was king of the Geatas . Onela attacks Heardred and kills him. Eanmund also dies in the fray, but Edgilds escapes and later defeats his uncle.
In Scandinavian poetry such as Ynglingatal and some of Snorri Sturluson's works, Onela is called Ale from Uppland, but he is described as the Norwegian king. This could be due to a mix up of the landscapes of Uppland in Sweden and Oppland in Norway.
Edgilds or Adils
Edgilds became king after defeating Onela in the Battle of the Ice (according to the Skjöldunga saga of Vänern ). It is mentioned in almost all Nordic sagas. Snorri reports that he was buried in Old Uppsala .
During excavations in the western grave mounds of Old Uppsala the remains of a richly decorated sword holder, you found pieces of ivory and precious stones from the Middle East . The finds were dated to 575 AD. dated and could represent Edgild's grave goods.
Eysteinn and Sölve
Edgilds' son was named Eysteinn or Östen and, according to Snorri Sturluson, ruled Sweden during a troubled time when several pirates threatened the country's coast. One of these was Sölve , who came from Jutland (according to Historia Norwegiæ he was a Gaute ). Sölve drove across the Baltic Sea to Lofon (probably the island of Lövön in Lake Mälaren or the former Harde Lagunda in Uppland), where Eysteinn resided. It was night and the intruders surrounded the houses and set everything on fire, killing the residents. Sölve moved on to Sigtuna and demanded that the Swedes accept him as king, but only after an 11-day battle did the Swedes give up. Later there was a rebellion in which Sölve was killed.
Ingvar
Yngvar Harra is mentioned both in the Ynglinga saga and in the Historia Norvegiae . Both also rely on the older Ynglingatal .
Ingvar was the son of Eysteinn and is described as a good warrior. He fought several times against Vikings in the Baltic States ( Eistland ). One summer there was a great battle in Eycilla ( Ösel ) near a place called Stein . The enemy troops were too strong and Ingvar fell. These events are considered historically possible. The Viking ship graves found in Salme are archaeological evidence of the presence of Scandinavians on Ösel at this time.
Bröt-Anund
Bröt-Anund ( Old Norse : Brøt-Anundr or Braut-Önundr ), which means something like "Anund the land clearer", is said to have ruled the Svear in the first half of the 7th century. He succeeded his father Ingvar and is said to have led Sweden in a time of rich harvests. Anund had paths built and forests cleared, after which his people settled in remote parts of the country. He built a house for himself in each district and was a travel king. He continued his father's expeditions to Estonia, if only to avenge his father, and there he made rich booty. That is why he was called "Estonia's enemy" in the Ynglingatal . The Historia Norvegiae does not know this Estonia train. The wars in Estonia may have something to do with the fact that after the incorporation of Västgötariket and Gotland, expansion across the sea was now being considered.
One autumn he found himself between two mountains near a place called Himinheiðr ( heat in the sky), where a landslide caught him by surprise and killed him. The similarity of the name could indicate a place in the parish of Himmeta in Västmanland . After that, Anund would be buried in the Ströbohögen grave mound on the outskirts of Köping . Mostly, however, the Anundshög near Västerås is described as his final resting place.
Ingjald
Anund's son Ingjald ( reigned around 640 - shortly after 650), who is often referred to as Illråde ("the malevolent"), is described as a cruel king who, however, united several areas of today's Sweden through his politics. According to the sagas, he was said to have been forced by his stepfather to eat a wolf's heart in his childhood in order to protect his character from weakness. With the “gravöl” (= funeral beer) for his father, he is said to have burned the lower kings of the neighboring provinces in their bedchamber. Then he went to the camp of the chief of Södermanland and set fire to it because he had not appeared at the reception. However, Östergötland is said to have retained its independence despite several attacks by Ingjald. He was then attacked by Ivar, who was advancing from Skåne, and committed suicide so as not to fall into his hands.
Ingjald had a son Olov and a daughter Åsa . He married Åsa to King Gudröd in Skåne and got him to murder his brother Halvdan, and also planned his own death. But he also died while doing the deed. Åsa's son Ivar vidfamne gathered an army and marched against Ingjald and Åsa, who burned themselves to avoid being murdered by Ivar.
Ingjald and Ivar vidfamne are mentioned in the Ynglinga saga, the Hervarar saga, and a few other Icelandic sources. According to these legends, Ingjald's son Olov (Olov Ingjaldsson) alias Olaf Trätelgja (Swedish Olaf Trätälja , Norwegian Olav Tretelgja ) fled to Norway and established a new empire there. He is considered to be the progenitor of the Norwegian branch of the Ynglingler .
Skjöldungar family and descendants of Ragnar Lodbrok
The Sköldungar dynasty succeeded the Ynglinger dynasty after Olov, the last male heir to the throne, left the country.
Ivar Vidfamne
Ivar Vidfamne († around 700) was originally king in Skåne and, according to Snorri Sturluson, is said to have ruled Sweden between 655 and 695. Later he is said to have been king in Denmark , Norway and parts of England .
Ivar is described as mean and power hungry. He traveled through northern Europe and made the population of the areas he reached into subjects. In Denmark he is said to have installed Rörek, his daughter's husband, as a small king in Själland and later killed him. There are different statements about details of his life in different sagas.
During a trip to Gardarike he is said to have jumped after his son-in-law Rádbarðr, who had taken refuge in the water. Ivar is said never to have shown up again. In other sagas his death is called in battle or peaceful.
Harald Hildenand
There are different statements about Harald “Kriegszahn” origin in the legends and chronicles. He is often described as the grandson of Ivar Vidfamne. He spent his childhood in Gardarike. When Ivar died, Harald is said to have moved to Zealand , where he was recognized as king. In Sweden, the provincial kings were just about to reoccupy their old territories when they were challenged by Harald. They assumed that the fight against the 15-year-old would be easy, but Harald was able to defeat them all and maintain his family's territory.
He further expanded his empire and also occupied the historic province of Wendland . The Danish script Chronicon Lethrense even writes that Harald's empire extended to the Mediterranean . There are different sources of information about its exact influence in Swedish regions. Saxo Grammaticus attributed Sweden and Denmark to him. The Icelandic sources also include the Wendenland, as the Slavic area south of the Baltic Sea, large parts of Western Europe and England, where he is said to have defeated the king of Northumbrias. Saxo does not name Ivar vidfamne as his father. Its sources and family table are different from those of the Icelandic sources.
Harald was very old, 150 years according to the sagas. According to tradition, Harald wanted to die the death of a warrior in order to get to Valhalla , and is therefore said to have challenged his sub-king Sigurd Ring, who ruled over Uppland, to a battle. According to other traditions, the reason for the war was that the young Sigurd made himself more and more independent of the aging and weaker Harald and covered attacks by looting gangs in Harald's empire from his domain. Harald eventually fell in the legendary Battle of Bråvalla (between 715 and 740).
Sigurd ring
Sigurd, according to the Nordic sagas, the son of Harald Hildenand's half-brother, was installed by Harald as sub-king in Denmark. After the Battle of Bråvalla he became ruler (around 750) over the entire empire of his uncle.
The historical background is probably that the old Swedish area Svealand, Västergötland and Gotland tried to break out of the Danish-Swedish union and attacked the southern parts of the empire. After the Battle of Bråvalla, the Svear subjugated Östergötland, then Småland, Öland and Blekinge. The Swedish Empire was established at the beginning of the 9th century.
According to the Skjöldunga saga , Sigurd is said to have married Alfhild, the daughter of the King of Lichtelfenheim, and with her fathered the son Ragnar Lodbrok. After Alfhild's death he came to Norway as an old man for a festival of sacrifices. There he met a beautiful girl who was the daughter of a king of Vendel ( Vendsyssel-Thy ). The girl's brothers opposed Sigurd's marriage to her sister and challenged him to fight. Sigurd could kill both of them, but the brothers had already poisoned their sister. Sigurd loaded the three bodies on a ship and went out to sea, where the boat burned.
There is no information from the sources about the time between the Battle of Bråvalla and 800. Then the Vita Anskarii des Rimbert reports that the Swedish kings had their seat in Birka even before Ansgar's first visit around 830 until his second visit in 855 .
Ragnar Lodbrok
This Ragnar Lodbrok is not identical to the Ragnar Lodbrok who attacked Paris as a Viking. However, it is reported that he is said to be a son of Sigurd Ring.
Ost Beli
Östen Beli or Eysteinn Beli was installed by Ragnar as administrator of the Svear Empire and later rose to be king. According to the Ragnar Lodbrok saga , Östen is said to have held countless sacrificial ceremonies in Old Uppsala. He was later replaced by Ragnar's son Björn Järnsida.
The Norman Duke Rollo later claimed that his father Røgnvald Eysteinsson was a descendant (son) of Sigurd's son Östen (Eystein). Swedish sources therefore referred to Rollo as Rolf Ragnvaldsson.
Kings of the family of the Munso
The dynasty of the Munsö ( Swedish Munsöätten) is called the fictional royal dynasty that is said to have replaced the old legends of the Ynglingar and Skjöldungar. Most of them are not historically proven, so that they too are called legendary kings. Björn Järnsida is considered to be the progenitor, but the exact process of the transition between the royal families is unclear.
Bjorn Järnsida
Björn Järnsida , also Björn Járnsíða , is probably a completely fictional king who, according to legends, appeared between 785 and 800 and was a legendary Viking . He was one of Ragnar Lodbrok's sons . He is said to have participated in looting in Italy and conquered Paris together with his father .
According to legend, Björn got the name järnsida (German iron side ) because he was never injured in fights. According to the Hervarar legend , after the death of his father he received Svealand , while his brother Sigurd Orm i öga received the rest of Scandinavia .
It is assumed that Björn was the founder of the also fictional family of Munsö, which, however, is not mentioned in any relevant historical source. He is said to be buried in Björnshögen near Husby on Munsö in Mälaren . Björn's sons were called Refil and Erik Björnsson, the latter is said to have inherited the throne from Björn over Svealand.
Erik Björnsson
Erik Björnsson was a son of Björn Järnsida and, according to the Hervarar legend, he succeeded his father as King of the Svear. After a brief reign, his nephew Erik Refilsson succeeded him. Erik's sons Björn på Håga and Anund Uppsale later succeeded Erik Refilsson and ruled together as kings of the Svear.
Erik Refilsson
The Hervarar legend describes Erik as a powerful fighter and rich king: Þá tók ríkit Eiríkr, sonr Refils; hann var mikill hermaðr ok allríkr konungr . Rimbert noted that Erik was so successful that Ansgar was suggested on his second visit to Sweden that Erik be made god instead of the god of Christians. Snorri Sturluson writes in his work Skáldatal that Erik had a skald named Álfr jarl inn litli at his court.
Björn på Håga and Anund Uppsale
Both brothers initially ruled the Svear empire together, but had different camps. Björn was nicknamed på Håga because he had his residence at an old burial mound on the island of Adelsön near Birka , which is called Hågahögen . From here he could easily monitor the nearby trading town. His brother is said to have lived at the cult center Alt-Uppsala , which earned him his nickname. Adelsön had been established by King Adils, and this is interpreted to mean that a branch of the old Ynglingen family has taken over rule here.
Rimbert writes in Ansgar's biography that Björn asked the Frankish Emperor Ludwig the Pious to send Christian missionaries to Birka, whereupon Ansgar drove north in 829. Björn received him on his farm and allowed him to found a Christian community. Snorri quotes in his works some poems by the skald Brage Boddason, who is said to have lived at Björn's court. This is also mentioned in the Hervarar saga.
Rimbert reports on Anund that he was later expelled from Sweden. In the 840s he is said to have returned with 11 own and 21 Danish ships. Anund had offered the Danes rich booty to take part in the campaign, but when they arrived in Birka Björn was away. Anund demanded that the townspeople pay a hundred marks in silver to prevent the settlement from burning down, and so he received the money. The Danes felt betrayed and planned a surprise attack on the city, but Anund was able to stop them. Instead, it was decided to draw lots (more likely, asking an oracle is ). The answer was that an attack on Birka would bring bad luck and that it would be more advisable to plunder a Slavic settlement. This project was carried out and ended with rich spoils of war.
Anund stayed in Sweden and, according to the Hervarar legend, his son Erik followed him and his brother Björn. However, Adam von Bremen and Rimbert report that Björn's son Olof became the new king of the Svear. These discrepancies may be due to the fact that Sweden no longer had dual rulers in the following years, or it is due to the fact that the scarce sources do not transmit the details of the dual reign to this day.
Olof and Erik
With regard to the middle of the 9th century, the available sources contradict each other clearly. Adam von Bremen and Rimbert name an Olof as King of the Svear. The Hervarar legend, on the other hand, describes an Erik Anundsson who is said to have been at war with Harald I of Norway. The Ynglinga saga by Snorri tells of an Erik Emundsson who was also king in Västergötland, Dalsland, Bohuslän and Värmland and who later lost Västergötland to Harald I.
Snorri also writes that Erik and Harald visited an Åke once in Värmland. Åke put Erik in an old hall with old drinking cups and Harald in a new hall with fresh drinking cups. When Erik complained, Åke apologized that Erik was an old man and Harald a young man in his prime. Erik got angry and murdered Åke.
In Olaus Magnus and Saxo Grammaticus, on the other hand, an Erik Väderhatt is described for the period mentioned. His nickname is said to be due to the good winds he had on his raids in the Baltic Sea area.
To what extent the named people named Erik are one and the same person and whether and how they ruled together with Olof is not clear.
Ring, Erik, Emund and Björn the old man
According to Adam von Bremen, the kings Ring , Erik Ringsson and Emund Eriksson followed each other in the order mentioned and were in direct paternity line. Ring's origin is unclear but he is said to have been King of the Svear in 935 or 936 when Archbishop Unni arrived in Birka. Adam also reports that Emund has entered into an alliance with Harald Blauzahn .
The Hervarar saga names Björn the Old as king after 950, but it is also possible that he ruled together with Emund.
The successor Erik the Victory , who probably reigned temporarily with Olof II Björnsson , is historically documented and is therefore included in the list of kings of Sweden .
Comparison of the various sources on the mythical kings
Notes on the table: The names of the table correspond to the original names of the respective sources. The Hversu Noregr byggðist (How Norway Was Settled ) is part of the Flateyjarbók , the largest collection of manuscripts from the early days of Iceland. Tacitus († around 120) reported in Germania that some Germanic tribes already had kings. Guðröðr veiðikonungr is identical to Göttrik (alias Gudfred, Godfred or Gøtrik). Gudfred was a son of King Halfdan des Mild of Westerfold and the Lif of Westmare, daughter of King Dag. He ruled from 804–810 over Haithabu, Westerfold, Hedeland, Värmland, Hedemarken and Westmare. There is evidence of an attack on the Reric trading center , where Slavic traders were relocated to Haithabu. There were also confrontations with Charlemagne. One of his sons is likely to have led the destruction of the Archdiocese of Hammaburg in 845. The arrangement should therefore extend to approx. 850–870.
|
Beowulf
8 to 10 centuries |
Ynglingatal
late 9th century |
Íslendingabók
early 12th century |
Historia Norwegiæ
late 12th century |
Ynglinga saga
around 1225 |
Hversu Noregr byggðist
around 1387 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burri | |||||
| Burr | |||||
| Óðinn Ásakonungr | |||||
| Yngvi Tyrkjakonungr | Ingui | Freyr | |||
| Njörðr Svíakonungr | Neorth | Njörðr | Njörðr | ||
| Freyr | Froyr | Yngvifreyr | Freyr | ||
| Fjolnir | Fjolnir | Fiolnir | Fjolnir | Fjolnir | |
| Sveigðir | Svegðir | Swegthir | Svegðir | Sveigðir | |
| Vanlandi | Vanlandi | Wanlanda | Vanlandi | Vanlandi | |
| Vísburr | Visburr | Wisbur | Vísburr | Vísburr | |
| Dómaldi | Dómaldr | Domald | Dómaldi | Dómaldr | |
| Dómarr | Dómarr | Domar | Dómarr | Dómarr | |
| Dyggvi | Dyggvi | Dyggui | Dyggvi | Dyggvi / Tryggvi | |
| Dagr Spaka | Dagr | Dagr | Dagr Spaka | Dagr | |
| Agni | Alrekr | Alricr | Agni | Agni Skjálfarbóndi | |
| Alrekr and Eiríkr | Agni | Hogni | Alrekr and Eiríkr | Alrekr | |
| Yngvi and Álfr | Yngvi | Ingialdr | Yngvi and Álfr | Yngvi | |
| Jörundr | Jörundr | Jorundr | Jörundr and Eiríkr | Jörmunfróði / Jörundr | |
| Aun | Aun in gamli | Auchun | Aun hinn gamli | Aunn in gamli | |
| Ongenþeow | Egill | Egill Vendilkráka | Eigil Vendilcraca | Egill Tunnudólgr | Egill Tunnadólgr |
| Ohthere and Onela | Óttarr | Óttarr | Ottarus | Óttarr Vendilkráka | Óttarr Vendilskráka |
| Eadgils and Eanmund | Aðils | Aðísl at Uppsölum | Adils / Athisl | Aðils | Aðils at Uppsölum |
| Eysteinn | Eysteinn | Eustein | Eysteinn | Eysteinn | |
| Yngvarr | Yngvarr | Ynguar | Yngvarr | Yngvarr inn hári | |
| Önundr | Bride Önundr | Broutonundr | Bride o.d. | Bride Önundr | |
| Ingjaldr | Ingjaldr inn illráði | Ingialdr | Ingjaldr hinn illráði | Ingjaldr inn illráði | |
| Óláfr | Óláfr trételgja | Olavus tretelgia | Óláfr trételgja | Ólafr trételgja | |
| Halfdan | Hálfdan hvítbeinn
Upplending aconung no |
Halfdan hwitbein | Hálfdan hvítbeinn | Hálfdan hvítbeinn | |
| Eysteinn | Eustein | Eysteinn | Eysteinn | ||
| Halfdan | Halfdan | Hálfdan hinn mildi | Hálfdan inn mildi | ||
| Guðröðr | Goðröðr | Guthrodr | Guðröðr veiðikonungr | Guðröðr veiðikonungr | |
| Ólafr | Óláfr | Halfdan Niger | Ólafr | Hálfdan svarti (Haraldsson) | |
| Rögnvaldr | Helgi | Haraldus | Rögnvaldr heiðum hæra | Haraldr inn hárfagri |
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ “Erik, sagokungar” in: Svensk biografisk lexikon
- ^ Nerman, p. 13.
- ↑ Nermann p. 14.
- ↑ Nerman p. 14.
- ↑ Nerman p. 17.
- ↑ Nerman p. 22.
- ^ Vita Anskarii 11.
- ↑ Nerman p. 24.
literature
- Birger Nerman : Sveriges första storhedstid . Stockholm 1942.
