Simultaneous church Kenzingen

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Church from West with adjoining nursing home (former residential building of the monastery)

The Simultankirche Kenzingen is a church with worship rooms for both Protestant and Roman Catholic residents of the Breisgau town of Kenzingen , who belong to the parish of St. Laurentius . The building on Kenzinger Eisenbahnstrasse goes back to the Kenzinger Franciscan monastery . After the secularization , the residential buildings of the monastery were first converted into a hospital and a school and finally into a nursing home , the nave of the monastery church consecrated to St. Joseph became the Protestant church, and the choir became the Catholic hospital chapel. After the Catholic theologian Gebhard Heil (* 1932), the teacher and art historian Hermann Brommer and the local historians Kirsten Kreher (* 1960) and Monika Rudolph (* 1954), the evangelical theologian Annegret Blum ( * 1952) and the sexton of the Protestant Church Volker Pixberg (* 1973).

history

Franciscan period

Franciscans in the town of Kenzingen, founded in 1249 by Rudolf II von Üsenberg (1231–1258), are mentioned for the first time in 1327 in the files of the Adelhausen monastery in Freiburg im Breisgau : in Kenzingen, a house in Weingasse, today's Spitalstraße, belongs to the “Barfussen “, Barefoot . There was no actual monastery in the 14th century.

In 1628, in the middle of the Thirty Years' War - the Habsburgs were now rulers instead of the Üsenbergers - the city asked the Tyrolean Franciscan Province for help. The parish of the St. Laurentius town church was vacant. The Franciscans were supposed to "rebuild the religious life that had fallen through the long war years". The Tyrolean province was one of the “Reformed Discalced Observants” who strictly practiced the rule of the order . The Friborg Franciscan monastery was involved in the establishment in Kenzingen.

But ten years later, in 1638, the religious fled with part of the population before the Swedes marched on Mahlberg . The attack ended with the great fire of Kenzingen on October 18, 1638. Once again St. Laurentius was orphaned. The city council wrote to the Order Province:

“We mayor and council of the city of Kenzingen hereby confirm that the pious and venerated religious gentlemen named Fathers of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis, about 11 years old, no doubt from the special grace of the Most High, had their seat here with our consent with the firm hope of soon being able to build a monastery in the honor and glory of the Almighty and also for our salvation and consolation, we But because of the severe war events that devastated the whole area, laid everything in ruins, occupied this town with soldiers and we ourselves were impoverished by the sacking suffered, the inhabitants strongly decimated, which in our time could not lead to success and so forced were to let them go. Therefore, we ask the MVP von Kilsheim, the current Freiburg Guardian, and FP Arsenius, the current Kenzingen supervisor, weeping for their departure, that they should make preparations to return. "

The monastery on a map of the Tyrolean Franciscan Province

The Franciscans resumed pastoral care and were finally able to begin building their monastery and church in 1654 under Father Gratian Zürcher (1619–1698). In 1699 the convent consisted of 13 fathers and 4 lay brothers, in 1799 12 fathers and 5 lay brothers. They collected alms and performed spiritual services from Emmendingen in the south to just beyond Lahr in the north. With the secularization and the transition of Kenzingen to the Grand Duchy of Baden , the end came. In the last report from 1804 the convent comprised 10 fathers and 4 lay brothers, average age 46.5 years. In 1807 the library was transferred partly to the court library in Karlsruhe and partly to the university library in Freiburg as the first measure. Novices could no longer be admitted. The last Guardian, Father Dameter Melder, died in 1827, the last priest, Father Johannes Bartel, in 1830.

In 1832 the city of Kenzingen bought the entire monastery complex from the Grand Duchy and set up a hospital and school in the residential buildings. The church became a granary and lumber room.

Follow-up period: Evangelical Church and Catholic hospital band

Because of his affiliation with Habsburg, the Reformation in Kenzingen was unable to establish itself despite Jacob Otter's activity as a preacher . In 1879, only 120 Protestant citizens lived in Kenzingen. They had to go to worship in neighboring Tutschfelden , which from 1535 belonged to the margraviate of Baden-Durlach and was therefore Protestant . In 1879 a decisive meeting of the Kenzing Evangelicals took place. In order to found one's own congregation, a parish office and a church service room were required. With the permission of the mayor, the first Protestant service in Kenzingen was celebrated on Sunday, November 9th, 1879 at 8 ¼ o'clock in the morning in the classroom of the quinta of the high school. Just a few days later, negotiations began on the former monastery church. They dragged on for many years until a lease for 99 years was signed with the city on May 9, 1890. Of many building measures, the erection of a wall between the choir and the nave was particularly drastic. From then on, the choir served as the - Catholic - chapel of the municipal hospital, hospital chapel, located in the monastery. On March 5, 1891, the ship was solemnly put into service as a Protestant church in the presence of Grand Duke Friedrich I and his wife Grand Duchess Luise . The first “pastoral clergyman” - the “pastoral community” corresponds to the Roman Catholic parish curate - was Hermann Gilg. In 1909 the pastoral parish became an independent parish. After the Second World War, the number of evangelicals increased from 640 (in 1946) to 1,445 (in 1954) as a result of refugees or displaced persons from the former eastern German territories.

The relationship between the denominations was characterized by mutual help. On October 16, 2005, a cooperation agreement was signed with St. Laurentius : “In the confession of baptism as the common fundamental bond of unity in Jesus Christ, borne by Jesus' request that all be one”, the Protestant and Catholic parishes committed themselves to further steps on the way to visible unity in one faith.

In 1982 the municipal hospital was closed. In 1985, the Arbeiterwohlfahrt opened a nursing home in the residential buildings of the former monastery. The city, owner, leased the Protestant church to the Protestant church and the hospital chapel to the Catholic parish.

Building history

A lot was built in the Tyrolean Franciscan Province around 1650. This is how the Franciscan monasteries in Saulgau and Waldsee came into being . The construction crews moved from place to place. The architect was Rufin Laxner (around 1617 to 1687) from Bludenz , who entered the order in 1635 and was provincial from 1656 to 1659 . An experienced site manager and carpenter was Frater Vitus Rastpichler (1617–1699) from Umhausen . The construction in Kenzingen followed on from Waldsee. In May 1657 Laxner laid the foundation stone for the residential buildings. In November 1658 they were available. On May 15, 1658, Abbot Franciscus Hertenstein from the Ettenheimmünster Monastery laid the foundation stone for the church. The Ettenheim Benedictines had given the Kenzing Franciscans demolition material from the Nikolauskapelle in the defunct Nidingen . The church was consecrated on June 11, 1662 .

Church from the southeast 1880, without roof turrets
Church from the southeast

The separation of the nave and choir by a wall was not the only measure required by the new purpose of the nave in 1890. “The floor will be cemented, a sacristy will be built, the altar and pulpit will be erected, stoves, windows and doors will be purchased. In Waldkirch you can get a used organ from the organ builder Anton Kiene. ”At that time, the Protestant church received a typical Protestant pulpit altar in front of the partition wall to the hospital chapel. The side altars remained to the right and left of them. On the side of the hospital chapel, a gallery was built for the nuns who look after the hospital. In 1898 a roof turret came on the ship, probably around the same time a small roof turret on the hospital chapel.

In 1929 the church was thoroughly renovated for the 50th anniversary of the 1879 assembly, for example the organ loft was enlarged. On December 29, 1944, the hospital, church and hospital chapel were badly damaged by bombs. “Burning, the roof turret and the bells fell on the Eisenbahnstrasse. It was only thanks to the massive vault that the fire could not spread to the interior of the church itself. "

The repairs in the post-war period were followed by a major redesign of the Protestant section in 1961. The pulpit altar was replaced by a table. “In order to get even more space and perhaps also to distract the congregation less from the sermon, the two side altars from the monastery time were moved to the longitudinal walls; they lost their cafeteria in front of them . ”In June four new bells came. “The bells of St. Laurentius rang a welcome”.

The most recent renovation took place from 1993 to 1995. The ailing turret from the early post-war period was replaced by a reconstruction of the 1898 ridge turret; the smaller ridge on the hospital chapel has been lost since it was destroyed in the war. The ceiling of the evangelical section was whitewashed and decorated with ornaments, plants and birds. The hospital chapel was renovated from 1961 to 1964 and again from 1981 to 1983.

Inner courtyard of the nursing home

building

With four wings, the former monastery is grouped around the cloister , which is now the inner courtyard of the nursing home. The church is inserted in the southwest corner of the complex. Adapted to the course of the road, it is only roughly easted . According to the Franciscan vow of poverty, it is simple, compact, without a base or prominent eaves . At the rectangular ship to the retracted lower, also rectangular hospital chapel, the former choir closes. Each part has a gable roof, and each is covered with a shallow needle cap barrel on which the rib system of a net vault is applied in stucco. The roof turret from 1996 rises 12 m in the west. The round-arched sandstone portal with the round-arched door, a round window above and three rectangular hatches in the gable open up on the west facade. A similar portal and three arched windows open in the south wall. The north wall adjoining the residential buildings has no windows, but has a passage to the nursing home. The hospital chapel has a portal, which was only broken in after the separation in 1890, and can be reached via a staircase, and two arched windows in the south, one window in the north and two walled-in arched windows and three more small windows above them in the east. In front of the portal of the hospital chapel there is a fountain with a figure of St. Lawrence .

Equipment of the Protestant church

Franciscan coat of arms

A cartouche in the arch of the west portal shows the Franciscan coat of arms: a cross under which a bare arm and an arm clad in a monk's robe cross in the Greek Χ ( Chi ), the first letter of vonριστός, Christos; the bare arm, the arm of Jesus, shows the nail wound, the clothed arm, that of St. Francis of Assisi , the mark of his stigmatization .

  • Eastward

  • Vault

  • To the west

A bright room welcomes those entering, the Gothic vault of which was painted into an "imaginatively decorated paradise garden" during the last renovation. According to the artist, Bernd Baldszuhn, it represents a “heavenly meadow”, the “herb heaven of Kenzingen”. The decor alludes to the song of the sun by St. Francis of Assisi . “The vault gets its visual tension from its light-dark contrast. The dark green vault caps increase the radiance of the white net vault. It is intensified by the golden yellow pearl strings that run along the ribs. ”From the eastern wall, the dividing wall to the hospital chapel, the room is dominated by a crucifix given by Grand Duchess Luise , which probably dates from around 1600. Below is the red sandstone altar table.

  • Side altars

  • Joachim, Anna and Maria

  • Nicholas of Myra

  • Antony and the baby Jesus

  • Francis of Assisi

The side altars from the Franciscan era have been on the side walls since 1961. Alike in baroque style, they are made of wood with a marble-like setting. Two columns with veil boards next to it flank the main picture and carry a cranked architrave above it with a blown gable , the opening of which gives space for the altar extension , which in turn has a (smaller) picture between columns, with a monstrance on top . The pictures were assigned to the friar Lucas Plazer (* 1663/64 in Eppan , † 1723), but today (with one exception, see below) they are attributed to Stephan Kessler's Brixen workshop , with whom Laxner was known.

The main picture of the left side altar, on the north wall, shows Joachim and Anna , the parents of Mary according to the apocryphal Protoevangelium of James . Anna teaches her daughter Mary, who reads Isaiah's promise in the translation of the Vulgate : “ECCE VIRGO CONCIPIET” - “See, a virgin will be conceived” ( Isa 7:14  EU ). The upper picture shows Nikolaus von Myra as a bishop with the three gold balls of his legend.

In the main picture on the right side altar, Saint Anthony of Padua holds the baby Jesus in his arms. A little angel underneath with a lily shows him in a book the script "SI QUAERIS <MIR> ACULA" - "If you are looking for miraculous signs", the beginning of a prayer in honor of Antonius. All light radiates from the child. The painting is signed on the book “F.VP.P” - “Franz Unterberger pinxit”, so it does not come from Stephan Kessler, but from Franz Sebald Unterberger . It was probably originally intended for the Franciscan monastery Seelbach, which closed in 1813. The upper picture shows St. Francis, stigmatized, with a skull.

Today's organ was installed in 1966 by the Wagner and Vier company in Grötzingen in a baroque case of unknown origin.

Equipment of the hospital chapel

The ceiling of the hospital chapel is also decorated with paintings. In the row of central diamonds are symbols of Mary according to the Lauretanian litany , from west to east “Mirror of Justice” - “Spiritual Vessel” - “ Sea Star ” - “Golden House” - “ Tower of David ”.

  • Francis of Assisi

  • altar

  • Bonaventure

Frater Felizianus Grießauer (1658 / 61–1731) is believed to be the main master of the altar. Sinuous, marbled columns with veil boards frame the main picture Jesus Heals the Sick by Emil Weis (1857–1936). The architrave is adorned with a cartouche made of rocaille ornaments . In the excerpt above, angels refer to a picture, presumably Stephan Kessler, in which wreaths of angel heads and gold surround the golden Jesus monogram IHS - with a golden cross above and the bright red heart of Jesus , in which three nails of the crucifixion are stuck below. A richly moved canopy crowns the tabernacle . A pelican stands on it as a symbol of Jesus. On the pedestals, next to the columns, on the left, there are Francis of Assisi and on the right, St. Francis Bonaventure as cardinal. On the back of the collar of Francis of Assisi the year 1759 and the monogram ISB are carved, which is undeciphered.

Photo reconstruction of the Franciscan church

Appreciation

The complex is shaped by the Franciscan ideal of poverty. Over the centuries, this has resulted in the coexistence of the Protestant church, Catholic chapel and nursing home. According to Blum and Pixberg, it wasn't just the builder that was important. “The wood sculptors and painters, the marblers and plasterers continued to take on important tasks. Different art epochs have contributed to the furnishing of this church. <...> These different artistic forms of design reveal different theological-liturgical concepts that stand behind the respective will to express. "

Something essential can no longer be experienced today: the overall impression of the former Franciscan church with nave and choir and the coexistence of the three altars. “They represented an ensemble in which the two side altars were arranged on the high altar.” A photo reconstruction by the engineer Wilfried Koch (* 1939), in which the partition wall has been removed and a triumphal arch opens the nave into the choir, allows an approximate idea.

literature

  • Annegret Blum and Volker Pixberg: Evangelical Church Kenzingen and Catholic Spitalkapelle in the former Franciscan Church of St. Josef. Evangelical Church Community Kenzingen, Kenzingen o. J. (2013). ISBN 978-3-945137-05-5 .
  • Hermann Brommer: Order's own builders and artists in the Kenzing Franciscan monastery during the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Jürgen Treffeisen, Reinhold Hämmerle and Gerhard A. Auer: The history of the city of Kenzingen. Volume 2. Man, City, Environment. Kenzingen 1999. ISBN 3-9806437-1-9 , pp. 295-300.
  • Evangelical Church Community Kenzingen: Website. Digitized. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  • Gebhard Heil: On the history of the Franciscan monastery in Kenzingen. Own print 1993.
  • Gebhard Heil: On the history of the Franciscan monastery St. Josef. In: Jürgen Treffeisen, Reinhold Hämmerle and Gerhard A. Auer: The history of the city of Kenzingen. Volume 2. Man, City, Environment. Kenzingen 1999. ISBN 3-9806437-1-9 , pp. 285-294.
  • Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg: Franciscan monastery Kenzingen . Digitized. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : Kenzingen. In: The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden (Volume 6,1): The art monuments of the districts of Breisach, Emmendingen, Ettenheim, Freiburg (Land), Neustadt, Staufen and Waldkirch (Freiburg Land district). Mohr Siebeck Verlag , Tübingen 1904, pp. 157-172. Digitized. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  • Kirsten Kreher and Monika Rudolph: Where two or three are gathered in His name ... In: Jürgen Treffeisen, Reinhold Hämmerle and Gerhard A. Auer: The history of the city of Kenzingen. Volume 2. Man, City, Environment. Kenzingen 1999. ISBN 3-9806437-1-9 , pp. 311-330.
  • Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Kenzingen. Digitized. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  • Jürgen Treffeisen: Kenzingen as a medieval city. In: Jürgen Treffeisen, Reinhold Hämmerle and Gerhard A. Auer: The history of the city of Kenzingen. Volume 1. From the beginning to the present. Kenzingen 1998. ISBN 3-9806437-0-0 , pp. 45-78.

References and comments

  1. ^ Treffeisen 1998, p. 46.
  2. ^ Heil 1993, p: 1.
  3. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, p. 7.
  4. ↑ Heil 1999, p. 285.
  5. ^ Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg: Franciscan monastery Freiburg. Digitized. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
  6. ↑ Heil 1993, pp. 3-4.
  7. ↑ You can also see the Franciscan monasteries in Seelbach and Freiburg im Breisgau.
  8. ↑ Heil 1993, pp: 24-25.
  9. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, p. 17.
  10. ↑ Heil 1993, p. 26.
  11. ↑ Heil 1999, p. 293.
  12. ↑ a b Evangelical Church Community Kenzingen.
  13. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, p. 52.
  14. ^ Monasteries in Baden-Wuerttemberg: Franciscan monastery Saulgau. Digitized. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  15. ^ Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg: Franciscan Monastery Waldsee. Digitized. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  16. ↑ Brommer 1999, pp. 295-296.
  17. ↑ This is probably Johann Franz Anton Kiene (1845–1908). Company history Orgelbau Stuetzle Digitalisat. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  18. ↑ Kreher and Rudolph 1999, pp. 312-313.
  19. ^ Image in Blum and Pixberg 2014, p. 19.
  20. ↑ The condition is shown in Kreher and Rudolph 1999, p. 312.
  21. ↑ a b Blum and Pixberg, p. 21.
  22. ↑ Kreher and Rudolph 1999, p. 324.
  23. ↑ Kraus 1904, p. 167.
  24. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, pp. 40–41.
  25. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, p. 36.
  26. ↑ Brommer 1999, p. 297; Blum and Pixberg, p. 29.
  27. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, p. 27.
  28. ↑ Seelbach website with a short history of the monastery. Digitized. ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 20, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.seelbach-online.de
  29. ↑ Blum and Pixberg, pp. 33–34.
  30. ^ Michael Gerhard Kaufmann: Organ history in Karlsruhe. Digitized. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  31. ↑ Brommer 1999, p. 299; Blum and Pixberg, p. 39.
  32. ↑ a b Brommer 1999, p. 297; Blum and Pixberg, p. 47.

Coordinates: 48 ° 11 ′ 33.9 ″  N , 7 ° 46 ′ 2 ″  E