Endeavor (space shuttle)

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Endeavor logo
The Endeavor embarks on the STS-99 earth observation mission
The Endeavor before the start of the STS-118 mission
The Endeavor at the California Science Center

The space shuttle Endeavor ( English for effort , effort ) was completed on April 25, 1991 as a replacement for the space shuttle Challenger and had its maiden flight on May 7, 1992. Its internal designation is OV-105. The last take-off took place on May 16, 2011 at 2:56 p.m. CEST , the last landing on June 1, 2011 at 8:35 a.m. CEST in Florida.

history

The name for the space shuttle was found through a student competition in which a total of 71,652 students took part. In May 1989, US President George HW Bush announced the name Endeavor after James Cook 's first ship of the same name (hence the British spelling instead of the correct spelling Endeavor in American English ).

The Endeavor was built by Rockwell International and cost a total of $ 2.2 billion. She completed 25 successful flights.

The last time the shuttle was overhauled was between December 2003 and October 2005 (Orbiter Major Modification Period) and received important technical and safety-related improvements. In addition to the so-called glass cockpit , an instrument panel equipped with several freely assignable monitors, the Endeavor received an improved navigation system for position determination and the robotic arm extension Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) resulting from the recommendations of the “Columbia Accident Investigation Board” .

After its last mission in May / June 2011, the space shuttle was assigned as a museum piece to the California Science Center in Los Angeles at the end of the American shuttle program , and has been on display there since October 2012.

Important missions:

Missions

No. begin designation emblem crew
1 May 7, 1992 STS-49 Logo of STS-49 Daniel Brandenstein , Kevin Chilton , Pierre Thuot , Kathryn Thornton , Richard Hieb , Thomas Akers , Bruce Melnick
2 September 12, 1992 STS-47 Logo of STS-47 Robert Gibson , Curtis Brown , Mark Lee , Jan Davis , Jerome Apt , Mae Jemison , Mamoru Mōri
3 January 13, 1993 STS-54 Logo of STS-54 John Casper , Donald McMonagle , Mario Runco , Gregory Harbaugh , Susan Helms
4th June 21, 1993 STS-57 Logo of STS-57 Ronald Grabe , Brian Duffy , David Low , Nancy Currie , Peter Wisoff , Janice Voss
5 2nd December 1993 STS-61 Logo of STS-61 Richard Covey , Kenneth Bowersox , Story Musgrave , Kathryn Thornton , Claude Nicollier , Jeffrey Hoffman , Thomas Akers
6th April 9, 1994 STS-59 Logo of STS-59 Sidney Gutierrez , Kevin Chilton , Linda Godwin , Jerome Apt , Michael Clifford , Thomas Jones
7th September 30, 1994 STS-68 Logo of STS-68 Michael Baker , Terrence Wilcutt , Thomas Jones , Steven Smith , Daniel Bursch , Peter Wisoff
8th March 2, 1995 STS-67 Logo of STS-67 Stephen Oswald , William Gregory , Tamara Jernigan , John Grunsfeld , Wendy Lawrence , Ronald Parise , Samuel Durrance
9 September 7, 1995 STS-69 Logo of STS-69 David Walker , Kenneth Cockrell , James Voss , James Newman , Michael Gernhardt
10 January 11, 1996 STS-72 Logo of STS-72 Brian Duffy , Brent Jett , Leroy Chiao , Daniel Barry , Winston Scott , Kōichi Wakata
11 May 19, 1996 STS-77 Logo of STS-77 John Casper , Curtis Brown , Daniel Bursch , Marc Garneau , Mario Runco , Andrew Thomas
12 January 23, 1998 STS-89 Logo of STS-89 Terrence Wilcutt , Joe Edwards , Bonnie Dunbar , Michael Anderson , James Reilly , Salischan Sharipow
13 4th December 1998 STS-88 Logo of STS-88 Robert Cabana , Frederick Sturckow , Nancy Currie , Sergei Krikaljow , James Newman , Jerry Ross
14th February 11, 2000 STS-99 Logo of STS-99 Kevin Kregel , Dominic Gorie , Janet Kavandi , Janice Voss , Mamoru Mōri , Gerhard Thiele
15th December 1, 2000 STS-97 Logo of STS-97 Brent Jett , Michael Bloomfield , Marc Garneau , Carlos Noriega , Joseph Tanner
16 April 19, 2001 STS-100 Logo of STS-100 Kent Rominger , Jeffrey Ashby , Umberto Guidoni , Chris Hadfield , Juri Lontschakow , Scott Parazynski , John Phillips
17th December 5, 2001 STS-108 Logo of STS-108 Dominic Gorie , Mark Kelly , Linda Godwin , Daniel Tani
18th June 5, 2002 STS-111 Logo of STS-111 Kenneth Cockrell , Paul Lockhart , Franklin Chang-Diaz , Philippe Perrin
19th November 24, 2002 STS-113 Logo of STS-113 James Wetherbee , Paul Lockhart , Michael López-Alegría , John Herrington
20th August 8, 2007 STS-118 Logo of STS-118 Scott Kelly , Charles Hobaugh , Barbara Morgan , Richard Mastracchio , Tracy Caldwell , Dafydd Williams , Alvin Drew
21st March 11, 2008 STS-123 Logo of STS-123 Dominic Gorie , Gregory H. Johnson , Robert Behnken , Michael Foreman , Richard Linnehan , Takao Doi
22nd November 15, 2008 STS-126 Logo of STS-126 Christopher Ferguson , Eric Boe , Stephen Bowen , Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper , Donald Pettit , Shane Kimbrough
23 July 15, 2009 STS-127 Logo of STS-127 Mark Polansky , Douglas Hurley , Christopher Cassidy , Thomas Marshburn , David Wolf , Julie Payette
24 February 8, 2010 STS-130 Logo of STS-130 George Zamka , Terry Virts , Robert Behnken , Kathryn Hire , Nicholas Patrick , Stephen Robinson
25th May 16, 2011 STS-134 Logo of STS-134 Mark Kelly , Gregory H. Johnson , Michael Fincke , Greg Chamitoff , Andrew Feustel , Roberto Vittori

Trivia

The shuttle had a small role in the movie The Core .

Andrew Jay Feustel took the little mole , a cartoon character , with him on the last mission in the form of a soft toy and handed it over to the inventor, Zdeněk Miler , on his return.

In honor of the Endeavor Shuttle, the two astronauts on the SpX-DM2 mission renamed their Dragon capsule in Earth orbit Endeavor. Both had made their first space flights with this shuttle.

See also

Web links

Commons : Endeavor (space shuttle)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Samuel Oschin Pavilion - California ScienCenter. Retrieved October 30, 2012 .
  2. Endeavor astronaut gives a present to father of the "Little Mole" . ( digitalfernsehen.de [accessed on May 6, 2018]).
  3. Crew Dragon's astronauts give their SpaceX spaceship a storied name: Endeavor. May 31, 2020, accessed May 31, 2020 (American English).