St-Laurent (Paris)
The Catholic parish church of Saint-Laurent in Paris was begun in the 15th century in the late Gothic style and completed in the 18th century. In the 19th century it was extended and partly redesigned. The church is on the corner of 68 Boulevard de Magenta and Rue Sibour in the 10th arrondissement of Paris . The nearest metro station is Gare de l'Est on lines 4 , 5 and 7 . In 1945 the church was added to the list of French architectural monuments as Monument historique .
history
The parish church of Saint-Laurent is built on one of the oldest church sites in Paris. As early as the 6th century, in Merovingian times, there was a monastery and a church dedicated to St. Laurentius , mentioned in 583 by Gregory of Tours . The monastery buildings were built on the Roman road that connected Senlis with Orléans and were destroyed during the Norman invasions of 885. In the 12th century the church, which was elevated to a parish church in 1180, was rebuilt. It was under the priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs and was on the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela . Construction of a larger church began in the 1420s and was not completed until 1739. From 1712 to 1713 the choir apex chapel covered by a painted dome was added, which was dedicated to Notre-Dame-des-Malades (Our Lady of the Sick). Until 1778 the feast of St. Laurentius held an important market around the church .
During the French Revolution , the church was robbed of its art treasures, repurposed as the Temple de la Raison ( Temple of Reason ) and Temple de la Viellesse (Temple of Age) and temporarily used for theophilanthropic gatherings. 1802, the church was again for worship ordained .
After the breakthrough of the Boulevard de Magenta and the Boulevard de Strasbourg in the course of the redevelopment of Paris under Prefect Haussmann , the classicist west portal built by Pierre d'Hardivilliers at the beginning of the 17th century was demolished and the church was extended by two bays from 1863 . At that time, the facade was given today's portal in the neo-Gothic style .
architecture
Exterior construction
The oldest part of the church is the basement of the bell tower. It comes from the previous church of the 12th century, from which the tower was originally separated. A frieze from the 15th century carved with human figures, animals and mythical creatures runs under the roof of the apse . The bronze roof turret , reminiscent of the Sainte-Chapelle , was placed on the nave in the 19th century .
The west facade was designed by Simon-Claude Constant-Dufeux after 1867 with an archivolt portal inspired by Gothic architecture . On the jambs are apostles depicted the arc runs are covered with angels playing. The sculpture of the Trumeau pillar was created by Aimé-Napoléon Perrey and depicts the blessing Christ. The tympanum is provided with a painting on enamelled lava by Jean-Paul Balze depicting the martyrdom and glorification of St. Laurentius represents.
inner space
The interior is pointed arch arcades in three ships and five divided yokes. The central nave, which rests on square pillars with pillars, dates largely from the 15th century. The chapels of the side aisles were added in the 16th and 17th centuries. The ribbed vault of the main nave also dates from the 17th century . The choir from the early 15th century was redesigned in a classical style by Antoine Le Pautre (1621–1679).
Keystones
The keystones are a special feature of the church . Those in the ambulatory date from the 15th century. They are designed as medallions and depict saints and martyrs; z. B. St. Laurentius with his grill, St. Honorius of Amiens with two loaves of bread, St. Nicholas with the three scholars in a salt barrel, St. Anthony with the dew cross .
The keystones in the central nave and transept date from the 17th century and some of them have dates (1657 and 1659). Angel heads, foliage or scenes from the life of Jesus (descent from the cross) and Mary are depicted on them. The keystones of the transept arms reach a length of up to 1.50 meters. They represent: Mary with the baby Jesus, John the Baptist , St. Laurentius with his grill, St. Apollonia with tongs, the tool she was tortured with.
Leaded glass window
The oldest windows in the church are the stained glass windows in the choir. They were made by Ernest Lami de Nozan (1801–1877) after boxes by Nicolas-Auguste Galimard (1813–1880) and installed in 1847. Except for the two windows depicting the five apostles (John, Jude, Paul, James and Peter) and the abbot Domnolus, they were replaced in the 1930s by windows from the workshop of Jean Gaudin , for which the Polish painter Elesckiewicz used the models created.
The windows of the Notre-Dame-des-Malades Lady Chapel were made by the glass painters Antoine Lusson and Léon Lefèvre in 1874/75. The lower windows depict scenes from the life of Mary such as the Annunciation , the Visitation , the Seven Sorrows of Mary , the Death of Mary and the Assumption of Mary. The upper windows represent St. Joseph with the baby Jesus, St. Vincent de Paul , a Guardian Angel and the Teaching of Mary.
The two windows of the Francis de Sales Chapel and the Saint Vincent de Paul Chapel in the north aisle date from the late 19th century. They were executed in 1887/88 by Emmanuel Champigneulle from a cardboard box by Pierre Fritel. A window depicts St. Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac , the other window is to St. Dedicated to Francis de Sales , on whose chest a dove perches.
The majority of the windows were made by Pierre Gaudin between 1953 and 1955 from cardboard boxes by the painter Elesckiewicz.
organ
The organ from 1682 is attributed to the organ builder François Ducastel . It was enlarged by François-Henri Clicquot in 1767 and by Joseph Merklin in 1867 . The organ prospectus was added to the list of monuments historiques in 1945 . Today the instrument has 40 registers on three manuals and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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literature
- Georges Brunel, Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, Yves Gagneux: Dictionnaire des Églises de Paris . Éditions Hervas, Paris 2000 (1st edition 1995), ISBN 2-903118-77-9 , pp. 273-274.
- Jean Colson, Marie-Christine Lauroa (ed.): Dictionnaire des Monuments de Paris . Paris 2003 (1st edition 1992), ISBN 2-84334-001-2 , pp. 706-707.
- Aline Dumoulin, Alexandra Ardisson, Jérôme Maingard, Murielle Antonello: Paris D'Église en Église . Éditions Massin, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-7072-0583-4 , pp. 216-218.
Web links
- Église Saint-Laurent in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Organ of Saint-Laurent in the base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- Saint-Laurent stained glass window (French)
- Saint-Laurent text of the parish (French)
- Chronologie de la renaissance du vitrail à Paris au XIXe siècle: L'exemple de l'église Saint-Laurent In Situ Revues des patrimoines (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Élisabeth Pillet: Le vitrail à Paris au XIXe siècle. Entretenir, conserver, restaurer . ( Corpus Vitrearum France - Études IX) Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes 2010, p. 95, ISBN 978-2-7535-0945-0
- ↑ Information on the main organ
Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 29.4 " N , 2 ° 21 ′ 29.8" E