St. Andreas (Nesselwang)
St. Andreas is the Catholic parish church of Nesselwang .
history
The wandering monks St. Magnus and Tozzo proclaimed the Christian faith in the region of today's town of Nesselwang probably as early as the middle of the 8th century; According to legend, St. Magnus set up a bed cell in Nesselwang. The parish of St. Andreas was probably founded at this time, making it one of the oldest parishes in the area. In 1059, the Augsburg bishop von Agnes , the mother of Emperor Heinrich IV. , Received the wild ban over the forest between Lech, Wertach and Iller. In the 11th or 12th century a castle was built south of Nesselwang; the first documented mention of this building comes from the year 1332. This Nesselburg became the Augsburg bailiwick in the 14th century and remained the official seat of the episcopal keepers of Nesselwang until it was destroyed by fire in 1595. A little later these received an official seat within the place. Nesselwang was administered by the Augsburg bishopric until secularization in 1803.
First St. Andrew's Church in Nesselwang
The first verifiable church building in Nesselwang was carried out in the early 15th century. The late Gothic church of St. Andrew had an octagonal choir , which was connected to the tower on the north side. Its lower part has probably been preserved in today's tower of St. Andrew. This first known St. Andrew's Church in Nesselwang had, in addition to the main altar, two side altars, which were consecrated to the Mother of God and John the Baptist. Another well-known piece of equipment is a palm donkey from around 1470/80, which is now in the women's shelter museum in Strasbourg . The church was refurbished around 1480/90 by the master of the Imberger Altar . Several pieces of equipment from this phase have been preserved; in St. Andrew, however, only one figure of St. Margaret.
This first St. Andrew's Church in Nesselwang was destroyed during an incursion by imperial troops in the Thirty Years' War , but some of the figurines were saved. In 1642 a makeshift reconstruction of the church took place.
Towards the middle of the 17th century the church received a new altar decoration by Peter Babel , whereby the existing sculptures were probably reused. The stump of the tower was provided with a baroque French hood in 1651 . Of four bells that the community donated in 1672, one has been preserved, the so-called "Elfere". It was cast at Melchior Ernst in Munich .
New building from 1683/85
A new building replaced the old St. Andrew's Church between 1683 and 1685. It was planned by the Wessobrunn monastery builder Johann Schmuzer and carried out by Rasso Bader as the site manager. The building had a drawn-in choir closed on three sides and was stuccoed inside, probably also according to Schmuzer's plans. This church was consecrated on May 20, 1685. The ceiling frescos by Balthasar Riepp showed the Last Supper and the four church fathers in the choir and the apostles in the nave next to Christ and Mary. The organ came from Marx Ehinger from Aitrang .
As early as between 1698 and 1700, the nave was extended to the west by 4.5 meters and a new roof structure was provided. The planning of this conversion was in the hands of Johann Jakob Herkomer . Three new altars came from the workshop of Nikolaus Babel from Pfronten and were delivered between 1703 and 1706. They were consecrated to St. Andrew, St. Stephen and St. Ursula and their companions and were demolished in 1905. As early as 1778, however, one of the altarpieces had been replaced by a rosary by Franz Anton Weiß , which has been preserved.
After the tower was damaged in a storm, Franz Xaver Kleinhans had it removed down to the lower third, around 11 meters high, in 1748 and then rebuilt to the current height of 54 meters.
Significant changes to the baroque church took place during a historic renovation in the 19th century. Part of the stucco was removed from the vault, the ceiling frescoes were retouched, the altars were redesigned and both the pulpit and the confessionals were renewed. In 1898 the church was supplemented by a cemetery chapel in neo-Romanesque style, which was designed by Ferdinand Schildhauer .
New building from 1904/06
After the baroque church was found to be too small and dilapidated, the foundation stone for the next St. Andrew's Church in Nesselwang was laid on October 9, 1904. Schildhauer, who had already planned the cemetery chapel, also provided the designs for this externally neo-baroque church building. It was built around the old church, which was then torn down except for the tower. Inside, the church has now been designed in neo-rococo style. Waldemar Kolmsperger the elder was commissioned with the painting, supported by his son of the same name. The sculptural works come from Ernst Fischer and Karl Schier , the decorative paintings from Julius Fischer from Füssen , the altar figures from the Georg Saumweber company and Johann Hirsch from Günzburg .
The new church was consecrated on September 10, 1906. In 1911 the three old Babel altars were given to the Capuchin Church in Kempten . From there they came to the Ingolstadt parish church of St. Anton in 1921 . There they fell victim to the destruction of the Second World War .
In 1954, part of the originally white stucco in the interior of the church was set off in color.
The tower of St. Andrew's Church was renovated in 1977. Between 1995 and 1997 the heavily sooty interior was cleaned; the changes from 1954 were retained. The choir room was equipped with a new celebration altar and ambo by Hannes Arnold and Klaus Dieter Eichler between 1995 and 1997 .
Exterior
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St. Andreas is 40 meters long and 21 meters wide; the west facade and the choir show a tail gable . The middle of the five window axes emerges in a flat apse . Four stair towers with hoods emphasize the corners of the nave. The windows and the roof approach are strongly profiled, and the entire building has a high rough plaster base. The decoration of the entrances from the Ulm cast stone company E. Schwenk shows forms of Art Nouveau . The main portal on the west side is framed by double columns and grapevines, the keystone of the portal arch is designed as a faun's head bearing a bust of Christ. The side portals on the north and south walls have busts of St. Andrew and St. Ulrich, as well as two evangelist symbols and psalm verses each.
The tower in the northern choir corner has rectangular glare fields between pilaster strips on the ground floor . The openings are closed in a three-pass shape. The tower has domed, arched twin windows above the cornice. On each side of the tower there is a clock face between corner pilasters. The sound openings above are round-arched and have balusters and plaster frames under segment roofing. The final cornice has an onion dome with bevelled corners.
Interior
The interior has a single nave and is very wide. Three-quarter columns made of stucco marble serve to structure the interior of the church, which has been shaped into an oval. Cranked beams support the vault above the church interior. The choir is biaxial and has a barrel vault; because the road passes in the east, it ends there flat.
The ceiling paintings by Kolmsperger senior and junior are executed in Secco painting. The most important motif, also on the high altar, is the apostle Andrew. The mural on the high altar shows his vocation on the shores of Lake Gennesaret . Andrew kneels before Jesus; he is recommended by John the Baptist while his brother Simon Peter sits in a boat in the foreground. In the extract there is a stucco relief of God the Father, which is accompanied by angels. The lower part of the high altar picture is covered by a tabernacle in which consecrated hosts are kept. Its case is decorated with rocailles , garlands, vases and angel putti. From Easter to Pentecost, the central statuette is the triumphant, risen Christ , while at Pentecost the Holy Spirit and for the rest of the year the pelican is placed above. The statuette is surrounded by adoring angels, putti with fruits and flowers and two reliefs, the left shows the sacrifice of Isaac, the right the blessing of Abraham through Melchizedek .
On the ceiling picture above the high altar, St. Andrew is depicted, who, identified by the St. Andrew's cross , hovers over the market place as patron. Four heart-shaped cartridges surround this painting. They contain depictions of the evangelists in grisaille painting . In the nave, an oval picture on the west side shows how Andrew preaches to the Gentiles in Achaia , on the east side you can see the beginning of his martyrdom in Patras . In addition to this central ceiling painting, the nave also has a stucco figure of the Lamb of God on the book with the seven seals. It is located above the choir arch. The corners of the room are occupied by putti with the attributes of the cardinal virtues ; the twelve apostles, depicted in grisaille painting in stucco cartouches, can be seen in a wreath-shaped arrangement.
The celebration altar has a table made of Kelheim marble , which rests on a support made of red marble. The lectern is also made from different colored types of marble. The choir stalls are carved from dark wood. A clogged window niche in the left choir wall houses the figure of St. Margaret from the 15th century, which comes from the late Gothic previous building. It was redrafted in 1935 and given a new cross bar. Above it is a crucifixion group from 1706, which probably comes from Nikolaus Babel.
To the left of the choir arch is the Stephanus altar, the altar sheet of which was painted by Waldemar Kolmsperger in 1909. It shows the Holy Family in Nazareth . Statues of the Virgin Mary's parents flank the painting. Saint Stephen can be seen in the extract. The nativity scene of the Nesselwang church is hidden under the cafeteria of this altar outside of the Christmas period.
The pulpit is above the door next to the Stephen altar. The sound cover is adorned with putti bearing attributes of the theological virtues of faith, love and hope.
The right side altar is consecrated to Anthony of Padua . He is shown dying in the excerpt with the baby Jesus on the altar sheet. The side figures represent Elisabeth of Thuringia and St. Francis. On Holy Saturday the grave Christ is shown, who is otherwise hidden under the cafeteria.
A red-marbled baptismal font, which comes from the previous church, stands in front of the Antonius altar. Its lid bears a carved group with the baptism of Jesus from 1708. It should be a work from the workshop of Nikolaus Babel.
While the pulpit is on the left next to the Stephen altar, a stucco cartouche with angels and a clock can be seen on the right next to the Antonius altar; an inscription warns: "Time is short."
In the apse on the left side of the nave there is a columned altar with the presentation of the rosary to Saints Dominic and Catherine of Siena . This painting by Franz Anton Weiß from Rettenberg dates from 1778 and was painted for the Nesselwang Rosary Brotherhood. It was taken over from the right side altar of the demolished baroque church. The side figures represent the saints Scholastika and Joseph, evidently based on the first names of the donor couple Eichele. A Marian monogram can be seen in the extract of this altar. The relics of St. Cölestin, which have been in Nesselwang since the 18th century, are kept under the altar.
On the right side of the nave is a Sacred Heart altar with a painting by Waldemar Kolmsperger from 1910. The assistant figures represent the diocese saints Ulrich and Afra. The extract contains an IHS symbol. Under the altar are the relics of St. Aurelius.
Next to the nave altars there are confessionals, the plastic decorations of which indicate the sacrament of penance. In addition, the nave walls are decorated with 14 large paintings by Kolmsperger.
Next to the two front side altars there are sideboards, on each of which eight cakes are mounted, which are painted with secrets of the rosary. They were created in 1778 by Franz Anton Weiß for the Rosary Brotherhood.
Ten guild poles from around 1670 with figures of saints and guild signs are also part of St. Andrew's equipment. They were once attached to the pews, but are now on the walls. Three of these guild poles, which are signed “GB”, are attributed to Georg Bayrhoff , others are likely to come from the Babel workshop in Pfronten. The butcher's guild mark comes from Johann Erdt ; it was created around 1750 and is therefore much younger than the others.
organ
The organ was built in 1906 by the organ builders, the Hindelang brothers ( Ebenhofen ), and enlarged by the builders in 1957. The instrument was renovated in 1979. The organ has 37 stops on three manual works and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are electro-pneumatic.
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Peal
St. Andrew has five bells. The "Elfere", which was consecrated together with the Baroque church, has a diameter of 105 centimeters and a height of 90 centimeters and the tone G. It bears a Latin inscription in which the foundry Johann Melchior Ernst and the client are referred to : the council and the population of Nesselwang under the bishop Johannes Christophorus von Freiberg. The "Big Bell" with the tone C weighs 2020 kilograms, has a diameter of 147 centimeters and a height of 117 centimeters and was bought in 1751 by the Reichsstift Kempten. In 1762 it was cast by a member of the Ernst bell foundry family in Memmingen .
The "small bell" was cast in 1924, the "fallen bell", which came from the Gebhard bell foundry in Kempten, and the "Antlaßere" were both cast in 1950.
literature
- Jörg Restorff: St. Andreas in Nesselwang. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 1997, ISBN 3-931820-39-4 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Diocese of Augsburg
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 2 f.
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 6 ff.
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 7 ff.
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 10 f.
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 12
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 13 ff.
- ↑ Information on the organ
- ↑ Restorff 1997, p. 28 f.
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 37 ′ 20.2 ″ N , 10 ° 29 ′ 57.2 ″ E