St. Bonifatius (Lorchhausen)
The former Catholic parish church of St. Bonifatius is a listed church building in Lorchhausen , a district of the city of Lorch (Rheingau) . Today it is a branch church of the parish Heilig Kreuz Rheingau, a new type of parish. The so-called Rheingau Cathedral in Geisenheim has also been the parish church of Lorchhausen since 2015 .
The stately neo-Gothic three-nave church made of exposed local quarry stone and manufactured stone of red sandstone with three yokes and five eighths - choir rises above a cross-shaped floor plan. The roof is slated. The structure is dominant in size. Inside, eight round sandstone pillars support the vault and create a large, bright church space.
history
The St. Church of God, consecrated to Boniface , was built from 1877 to 1879 near the abandoned previous building, a 14th century church that has become too small and severely damaged by several fires.
The commitment of Pastor Wilhelm Aloys Ohlenschläger and the willingness of the population to make sacrifices made the construction of the parish church, which was oversized for the size of the town, possible. Shortly after taking office in 1869, Pastor Ohlenschläger campaigned for the parish church to be rebuilt, because the old St. Boniface Church, which had to be renovated, had become too small for the 600-strong community. The Franco-German War of 1870/1871 initially prevented the project. As a demolition and new construction at the old location was not possible due to the limited space, the decision was made to use the gate vineyard as a construction site. On May 21, 1872, the community began extensive earthworks to create a plateau. In March of the same year, the old St. Boniface Church burned down completely. In January 1873 this was provided with an emergency roof and continued to serve as a parish church until the new one was completed. In September 1875, the diocese approved the plans of the architect Kontzen from Oestrich and issued a building permit. After Kontzen moved away, the Franciscan brother Paschalis took over the construction management, changed the plans and enlarged the church space by 43 m². The foundation stone was laid on March 19, 1877. Since Paschalis was rebuilding Allner Castle near Hennef at the same time , building supervision was poor, which led to delays and the demolition of parts that had already been built. Finally, in May 1877 , Max Meckel took over construction management, who in turn adapted the construction plans to his ideas. The changes affected the entrances, windows, the furnishings of the vault, the spire and the flooring.
This is how the three-nave church, based on medieval models, with a typical one-tower facade in neo-Gothic style was created. Since the bells had melted during the fire in the previous church in 1872, the civil parish had four new bells, with a total weight of approx. 2850 kg, cast by Glockengießer Bach for the new building. Even Kaiser Wilhelm , at the request of Pastor Ohlenschläger, contributed a 750 kg cannon from Strasbourg to the casting. On June 5, 1879, the church was pastor Ohlenschläger even ordained . The power of attorney for this was given by the Limburg bishop Peter Joseph Blum , who was in exile with Prince Löwenstein in Haid in Bohemia because of the culture war . On June 5, 1884, the episcopal consecration was carried out by the Hildesheim bishop Jakobi , as Bishop Blum, who had returned seriously ill from exile in 1883, was unable to do so because of his health.
Despite support from the state and the diocese, the community took over financially with the construction. Therefore, the local church tax was increased from 20% to 150% for 13 years . Pastor Ohlenschläger was forced to go on a donation trip all over Hesse. He preached, collected in 60 churches and held house collections, collecting 30,000 marks . In this way, the interior furnishings could be financed and the building debts removed. Pastor Ohlenschläger died in 1894. He did not see the organ installed in 1897, with which the interior was completed.
Furnishing
The neo-Gothic interior of the church by the Bocholt sculptor Theodor Starcke (1842–1919) has been almost completely preserved. Some things fell victim to the zeitgeist in the course of the church renovation in 1960/1961 by Pastor Noll. Almost all the altars were shortened, the colorful church windows were replaced by a blue-gray scale pattern, with the twelve depictions of saints from the old windows being integrated into the new ones. The choir gives an impression of the former windows; thanks to the determination of the church council, the original windows have been preserved. The original mosaic floor by Giovanni Rett, designed by Max Meckel, is only available in the choir, the sacristy and the baptistery, while it was replaced with a new terrazzo floor in the naves. The neo-Gothic Way of the Cross from 1939 has been replaced by a modern Way of the Cross.
Description in detail
- The high altar is a winged altar from 1884 with relief depictions from the life of St. Boniface. Originally it was supposed to have three branch towers, due to lack of funds only the central tower was built, which in turn fell victim to the church renovation in 1960/1961. It was shortened to a stub, which makes the altar look disproportionate today.
- The passion altar from 1881, also called the altar in honor of the painful Mother of God, has a Pietà as the main motif , with Mary Magdalene and the apostle John kneeling to the right and left . In the predella are two reliefs from the Old Testament , with a crucifixion group on top as a crown .
- The altar of Mary with a group of figures composed as follows: In the middle the enthroned Mother of God, depicted as the Queen of Heaven , with the baby Jesus on her lap. St. Domenik kneels to the right of her , to whom she turns, while the Christ Child turns to the left to the kneeling St. Anthony of Padua .
- St. Joseph's Altar: In the middle part the Pope is shown kneeling in front of St. Joseph with a banner. This is the elevation of St. Joseph to the patron saint of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius IX. to be thought of in 1870. In the left niche there is St. Aloisius and in the right St. Barbara , in the predella there are reliefs from the life of St. Joseph.
- Sacred Heart Altar: The main motif is a figurative representation of the Revelation to St. Margareta Maria Alacoque . In the predella there are relief representations of the visions of St. Hermann Joseph von Steinfeld .
- Pulpit: A monochrome , hexagonal wooden pulpit with carved relief images: Jesus and Samaritan woman at Jacob's fountain, Jesus' ascension , the sending of the disciples , the descent of the Holy Spirit
- Organ gallery made of oak from 1880, extended in 1926. On the parapet are four saints that are connected to God's praise through music: King David with the harp, Pope Gregory the Great with an antiphonary , St. Ambrose with beehive and psalm book , St. Cecilia
- The people's altar , from 1970, with carved relief panels. These come from the distant old communion pews, so the altar fits in well with the neo-Gothic church interior.
- The individual figures on the pilasters of the outer walls are uniformly monochrome. Five are from the time it was created and three more recent figures from the 1960s. Like the new Way of the Cross, these were made by the sculptor Rudolf Höfle from Morbach . The following saints are represented: Peter , Paulus , Judas Thaddäus , Elisabeth , Notburga , Bonifatius (1961), John the Baptist (1964), Johanna Franziska von Chantal (1964).
- The baptismal font , carved from an oak trunk, was provided by Pastor Noll in 1964 from a village church in the Hunsrück and had it installed in place of the original created by Th. Starcke in 1878.
- A figure of Mary, a so-called Immaculata (around 1730), as well as a group of figures, Anna and Maria from the 16th century in the vestibule, are still preserved from the previous church . In addition, a crossroads from Kauberstraße, with one from the 18th century from The body made by the Mainz sculptor Martin Biterich , attached to the south wall in the cross arm of the church. ( See Lorchhausen district in the list of cultural monuments in Lorch (Rheingau) ).
organ
The organ was built in 1897 by the Johannes Klais company from Bonn. It had two manuals and 14 sounding registers and was equipped with a magazine bellows fan and a pneumatic action . In 1907 two registers were added. In 1917 the large prospect pipes were " sacrificed to the fatherland "; they were replaced in 1919. In 1962 the organ was rebuilt, again by the Klais company. It received an electric console and an electro-pneumatic action, some new and additional stops. In 1983 the company Fischer & Krämer Orgelbau expanded the pedal work to include a choral bass register and exchanged the fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3 ′ in the II. Manual for a sesquial II. The instrument has 18 registers on two manual works and a pedal.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids : 2 free combinations
- Remarks:
- (h) = originally preserved historical register
- The unmarked registers are new registers
Bells
The three largest bells were confiscated by the Nazi state in 1943 and melted down for war purposes. In autumn 1945 four new bells were ordered from Albert Junker . Due to the turmoil after the war and the general economic hardship, they were not cast from Brilon special bronze until 1947, a tin-free, currency-saving alloy that was developed in Brilon . The copper-silicon alloy , which is no longer used today , had a negative effect on the new Lorchhausen bell. The bell expert Hubert Froesch complains in the Limburg bell book about the poor sound output and the insufficient decay time of the bells.
With the new bell, the small, still existing, old bell had had its day and was sold. The four new bells were inaugurated on April 20, 1947. They have the same names as their predecessors.
Bell disposition : d´ - fis ′ - a ′ - h ′ ( Salve Regina )
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No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Bell caster |
Mass (kg, approx.) |
Ø (mm) |
Strike tone (16th note) |
Decay time (sec.) |
Sound progression |
inscription |
| 1 | Boniface | 1947 | A. Junker | 1400 | 1384 | d 1 -3 | 40 | calm | ST. BONIFATIUS - A. Junker 1947 |
| 2 | Joseph | 800 | 1100 | f sharp 1 +2 | 64 | calm | ST. JOSEF - A. Junker 1947 | ||
| 3 | John | 450 | 923 | a 1 -2 | 47 | calm | ST. JOHANNES - A. Junker 1947 | ||
| 4th | Maria | 310 | 822 | h 1 +1 | 35 | floating | MARIA - A. Junker 1947 |
literature
- Dagmar Söder: Rheingau-Taunus District I.2 Altkreis Rheingau. Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen . Theiss-Verlag, Darmstadt 2014, ISBN 978-3-8062-2987-5 .
- Lorchhausen history and stories of a wine village. Published by Heimatverein Lorchhausen e. V. 2011, DNB 1031836497 .
- Herbert Gräff, Wolfgang Krammes (Ed.): The churches in the Middle Rhine Valley. Michael Imhof Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-935590-64-4 .
- W. Augstein: St. Bonifatius Church - 450 years of Lorchhausen parish. Festschrift. Publisher: Catholic parish of St. Bonifatius Lorchhausen.
- Hubert Foersch: Limburger bell book - bells and chimes in the diocese of Limburg. Verlag des Bischöflichen Ordinariates, Limburg 1997
Web links
- History of the St. Bonifatiuskirche and the Clemenskapelle on the website of the parish Heilig-Kreuz-Rheingau
Individual evidence
- ↑ The 13 church locations of the parish Heilig Kreuz Rheingau , on heilig-kreuz-rheingau.de
- ↑ No evidence
- ^ Report: Bell history of Lorchhausen. From Heimatforscher u. Contemporary witness Walter Augstein. Lorch 2016.
- ↑ Hubert Foersch: Limburger bells Book - bells and chimes in the diocese Limburg. Verlag des Bischöflichen Ordinariates, Limburg 1997, p. 603.
Coordinates: 50 ° 3 ′ 10 " N , 7 ° 47 ′ 5" E