St. Martin (Erlangen)
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Martin (also called Martinsbühler Church ) is the cemetery church of the Old Town Cemetery in Erlangen and is assigned to the district of the Old Town Church . It is registered with the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation as an architectural monument with the number D-5-62-000-9.
location
The church of St. Martin is located at the highest point of the so-called Martinsbühl ( 277 m above sea level ), a small hill east of the Regnitz valley , framed by the federal motorway 73 - the so-called Frankenschnellweg, which follows the route of the former Ludwig-Donau-Main- Canal runs -, the motorway feeder Martinsbühler Strasse and the four- track Nuremberg – Bamberg railway line .
history
As the first church in today's urban area, the church of the royal court Büchenbach is attested in 996 .
Whereas a notarized property transaction in cimiterio (lat. "In the cemetery") in 1288 was taken as evidence of the existence of the Martinsbühler church, today the year 1435 is the date of its first mention. At that time the Marienkirche (today's Old Town Church) was split off from the original parish of St. Martin in Forchheim and raised to the status of a parish church . The Martinsbühler church was added to the sphere of activity of the newly appointed old town pastor . He had to read a Holy Mass in the house of God every week , which goes back to a foundation . Possibly there is a connection to the so-called Martinslehen , which were firmly attached to an agricultural property west of the Regnitz in the area of today's Alterlangen . Their owners had to pay Martini annually for the use of the property in order not to forfeit the feudal right.
The fact that the Martinsbühler church was probably built in the late Middle Ages is also shown by the essentially Gothic building and the patronage of St. Martin , who was a popular and widely venerated saint , especially among the knighthood . However, both the exact age of the Martinsbühler church and its builder are unknown. A relationship with the nearby fortress Erlangen cannot be ruled out.
Presumably only since Erlangen became Protestant in the course of the Reformation , St. Martin's Day was celebrated with a service with sermon and collection . From 1632 to 1655 and from 1706 to 1721 the Martinsbühler church was used as a replacement for the destroyed old town parish church. Since the 17th century, however, it has mainly served as a chapel for the Old Town Cemetery that was moved here, with the first burials taking place during the Thirty Years' War .
The current appearance of the Martinsbühler church goes back to a thorough renovation in the baroque style according to the plans of the Bayreuth master builder Johann Georg Weiß in the years 1745/46. At that time the church received new arched portals with triangular gables, keystones and round windows above in flat sandstone frames . In addition, arched windows were used, the floor level was raised slightly, the outer walls were raised and a new roof was put on. Finally, the choir tower was built with a French dome and lantern made of plastered timber-frame .
On the occasion of the renovation in 1927/28, the choir tower had to be replaced. During archaeological investigations in the ground, three of the four tombs in the nave were uncovered, in which several members of the Hülß families on Rathsberg and the margrave stable master Johann Georg Mackeldey were buried in the 17th and 18th centuries . Another renovation took place in 1984.
description
architecture
The simple three-bay hall building with the east choir closed on three sides is Gothic in essence, but was converted to Baroque style in the middle of the 18th century. It has a hipped gable roof to the west with five dormers , two each on the north and south sides and one on the west side. On the east side there is a mighty roof turret with sound openings on three sides, a pressed hood and a tall lantern. There is a cross each on the roof turret with the tower ball and on the western end of the ridge. The window openings have been rounded since the Baroque era. In the middle nave yoke there is a round arched portal, which is crowned by a triangular gable. A round arched window is arranged above each. Like the other windows, it is embedded in a flat sandstone frame. Inside, the visitor is presented with a simple hall with a gallery running around three sides and a flat stucco ceiling .
Furnishing
Georg Ziegler created the roughly hewn baptismal font in 1634. The pulpit altar was created around 1710, a brass chandelier in 1761. Since 1928 there is again a wooden sculpture of St. Martin on horseback from around 1500 in the church, which was displayed in the middle of the 18th century the attic was deposited. It is kept in a lockable shrine with the coat of arms of the Lords of Stutterheim and is popularly referred to as Pelzemärtel .
organ
The organ created in 1939 by GF Steinmeyer & Co. with nine sounding stops on two manuals and pedal - a typical instrument of the " organ movement " - was extensively restored in 2015/16. It has the following disposition :
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literature
- Christoph Friedrich, Bertold Freiherr von Haller, Andreas Jakob (Hrsg.): Erlanger Stadtlexikon . W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-921590-89-2 ( complete edition online ).
Web links
- Internet presence of the Evangelical Lutheran old town community in Erlangen
- Description of the Church of St. Martin on the website of the Erlanger Tourism Association
Individual evidence
- ↑ For a long time, local history researchers believed that the oldest church in Erlangen was built on the Martinsbühl - centuries before the place was first mentioned in a document in 1002 . However, this assumption cannot be substantiated by any sources .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Andreas Jakob: Martinsbühler Church. In: Erlanger Stadtlexikon.
- ↑ Erlanger Nachrichten on August 9, 2016: Erlangen: Organ in Martinskirche sounds like new . Online at www.nordbayern.de ; accessed on October 4, 2018.
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 49 ° 36 ′ 12 ″ N , 10 ° 59 ′ 56.5 ″ E