St. Martin (Holzheim)
The Catholic parish church of St. Martin in Holzheim , a municipality in the district of Dillingen an der Donau in the Bavarian administrative district of Swabia , is a Gothic building from the early 16th century that was redesigned in the Baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century . The stucco decor already shows the shapes and colors of the early Rococo . The church is located in a walled cemetery in the middle of the village.
History of the parish
Because of the patronage of St. Martins , the founding of the parish, to which Eppisburg , Weisingen and Heudorf also belonged until the 19th century , is presumed to have existed in Franconian times . In 1150, Holzheim is mentioned for the first time in writing in a document from Augsburg Bishop Walter I von Dillingen . From this document it emerges that the priest Agilward had the church rebuilt, which had collapsed due to its old age and neglect. In a document from 1220, Bishop Siegfried III confirmed . von Rechberg gave the cathedral chapter of Augsburg the right of patronage , which it should exercise until secularization . In 1360 the Augsburg cathedral chapter also acquired the manor in Holzheim from Duke Friedrich von Teck .
Building history
The reconstruction of the church after a fire is documented for the year 1437. Further construction measures are noted in the recession books (decision books) of the Augsburg cathedral chapter for the year 1506. The nave , the choir and the upper part of the tower with its steep, gabled roof come from this time . In 1606 work was carried out on the church, which had become dilapidated again. From 1680 the church was redesigned in the Baroque style. New altars were created, the gallery expanded (1717/18) and the windows enlarged (1721/22). Thomas Gering from Günzburg was commissioned to stucco the choir and nave. The painter Anton Wenzeslaus Haffe from Dillingen executed the ceiling frescos that are still preserved in the choir. In 1759 the church was extended to the west. At the end of the 19th century, the upper floor of the former double gallery was demolished when a new organ was installed .
architecture
Exterior construction
The church is made of plastered brickwork . On the south side of the nave, 33 meters high, rises the almost square, seven-story tower, the three gable floors of which are covered with a steep gable roof . In the east and west of the bell storey there are gable dwelling houses with three basket-arch sound windows each . The upper floors of the tower have coupled round or segmented arched sound arcades . The entrance with a modern change in sign is on the south side of the church.
inner space
The single- long-house by flat pilasters with stucco capitals in three yokes divided and one of transverse arches covered under collected flat ceiling. The choir, which is one step higher and closed on three sides, adjoins it in the east. The originally Gothic cross-ribbed vault was replaced during the baroque redesign with a barrel vault with stitch caps over the windows and a basket-arched choir arch. A curved gallery, which rests on wooden pillars and carries the organ, forms the western end.
Stucco and fresco
The stucco decoration was created in 1722 in the early Rococo style. The year is on the east side of the choir arch. The entire ceiling of the nave and the choir as well as the gussets above the choir arch are decorated with stucco in the form of acanthus tendrils and foliage in white on a reddish or yellow background.
The frescoes in the nave are new creations from 1954/55. Her pictorial program is dedicated to Mary , the Immaculate Conception of Mary, the praises from the Lauretanian litany , the Queen of Heaven and the Mater Dolorosa , whose heart is pierced by seven swords, the symbol of the seven sorrows of Mary .
The two oval framed frescoes of the choir date from the time of the baroque redesign and were executed by Anton Wenzeslaus Haffe. They depict Saint Martin, the patron saint of the Church, who brings a dead man to life and his own death.
The ceiling paintings of the gallery depicting the liberation of souls from purgatory are reminiscent of the Brotherhood of Souls, which has existed in Holzheim since 1685 .
Furnishing
The high altar is adorned with gilded angel figures and an altar sheet on which the glorification of St. Martin is depicted. The painting comes from the Dillingen painter Vitus Felix Rigl and is dated to the year 1761. In the extract from the altar there is a crowned Madonna figure with baby Jesus, surrounded by a halo adorned with angels' heads, from the end of the 17th century. The antependium and tabernacle by Johann Michael Fischer are already decorated with shell decorations in the Rococo style.
The right side altar, the Altar of Mary, depicts Mary as the Queen of the Rosary on the altar sheet, a painting from 1722 by Anton Wenzeslaus Haffe. The sculptures of Maria's parents, Saint Joachim and Saint Anna , depicted as Anna herself , are attributed to Franz Schefferle from Lauingen and dated to the year 1680. Only the figure of Mary as a child is a modern replica. The oval excerpt is dedicated to St. Leonhard . The altar is crowned with a sculpture of St. Ulrich , probably also by Franz Schefferle.
The altar panel of the left side altar, the Joseph altar, shows St. Joseph and St. Anthony . The image of the excerpt represents St. Vitus . Above it stands the figure of St. Sebastian , pierced by arrows , who, like the large sculptures of St. Zacharias and St. Elisabeth with the boy John , is attributed to Franz Schefferle.
The pulpit dates from 1715. Christ and the four evangelists with their symbols are depicted on the pulpit . The sculptures probably originate from the workshop of Johann Baptist Libigo and Stephan Luidl. The sound cover is crowned with the carved figure of the Archangel Michael , dated around 1680 and attributed to Franz Schefferle.
The sculptures of Christ and the Twelve Apostles , which stand on consoles in the nave, were created by Stephan Luidl in 1722. When the church was restored in 1954, they were given a new version .
St. John Nepomuk and St. Florian , both around 1730, are also attributed to Stephan Luidl. The figure of Saint Roch is dated to 1680. John the Baptist above the modern baptismal font and the small figure of Mary on the procession pole were probably made before 1700.
The oldest sculpture in the church is a wooden relief of Anna selbdritt from the Ulm school and dates from around 1500. St. Anna holds the baby Jesus in her right arm and her daughter Maria, who is also shown as a child, on her left arm.
literature
- Werner Meyer (arrangement): The art monuments of the district of Dillingen on the Danube. Munich 1972, ISBN 3-486-43541-8 , pp. 470-485. (Series: The art monuments of Bavaria. The art monuments of Swabia. Vol. VII. District of Dillingen an der Donau )
- Anton H. Konrad, Julius Schöttl: Holzheim St. Martin. Anton H. Konrad Verlag Weißenhorn, Schwäbisch-Bavarian Art Monuments, issue 13, 2nd edition 2007, ISBN 978-3-87437-049-3 .
- Georg Wörishofer, Alfred Sigg, Reinhard H. Seitz: Cities, Markets and Communities. In: The district of Dillingen ad Donau in the past and present. 3rd revised edition. Edited by the district of Dillingen ad Donau, Dillingen an der Donau 2005, pp. 310–311.
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 30 ′ 47.8 " N , 10 ° 31 ′ 44.4" E