St. Symphorian (Zell am Harmersbach)
St. Symphorian is the Roman Catholic parish church of Zell am Harmersbach , a town in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg , at the confluence of the Harmersbach and Nordrach rivers, which together flow into the Kinzig . The parish together with St. Gallus in Oberharmersbach , St. Ulrich in Nordrach , St. Blasius in Biberach and St. Mauritius in Prinzbach (part of the municipality of Biberach) form the pastoral care unit Zell am Harmersbach of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . The history and shape of the church were particularly researched by the teacher and local researcher Franz Disch (1870–1948) and the Capuchin Father Adalbert Ehrenfried , who was active as a pastor in Zell am Harmersbach .
history
Monks of kinzig downstream Monastery Gengenbach founded Zell am Harmersbach; it takes its name from a monk's cell. The first settlement was slightly raised where St. Symphorian stands today . Zell is mentioned for the first time in 1139 - in a confirmation of ownership by Pope Innocent II for the Gengenbach abbot - as "cella". The rule over Zell arose from the Gengenbacher Vogtei . After the Interregnum, it came from the Zähringers , the Hohenstaufen , the Geroldseckers and the bishops of Strasbourg to the Habsburg Rudolf I. Under the Habsburgs, Zell became a free imperial city at the beginning of the 14th century . With the mediatization through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 it lost the imperial immediacy , with the Peace of Pressburg 1805 it fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden . In church terms, it was transferred from the diocese of Strasbourg to the archbishopric of Freiburg in 1921.
In addition to Zell, the parish initially included the towns of Oberharmersbach, Nordrach and Biberach. Independent parishes were later established there, which are now reunited in the pastoral care unit.
The parish church in Zell is first attested to in 1206, when the Strasbourg bishop Heinrich II von Veringen granted Gengenbach the right to fill the parish with one of his monks. Gengenbach also gave birth to the veneration of St. Symphorian , who was martyred in Autun in Burgundy under Mark Aurel , Roman emperor from 161 to 180 . The Gengenbach Benedictines had brought the veneration with them from their mother monastery Gorze in Lorraine . In France, numerous churches and monasteries have him as their patron , so in the Archdiocese of Freiburg only the Zeller Church, proven since 1666, where it says in a visitation protocol :
"Huis parochialis ecclesiae patronus coeli est s. Symphorianus, terrenus vero decimator et collator abbas gengenbacensis; habet capellas tres, unam in Gambach divae virgini sacra, secundam s. Michaelis Archangeli in Kúrnbach, tertiam in Enterspach; animas regendes have 800 circiter.
The heavenly patron of this parish is St. Symphorian, earthly tithe and collature lord of the Gengenbach abbot; she has three chapels, one in Gambach consecrated to the Most Holy Virgin; the second in Kirnbach to St. Michael the Archangel ; the third in Entersbach; it has about 800 souls. "
The three chapels are the pilgrimage church Maria zu den Ketten in Unterharmersbach, St. Michael in Kirnbach and St. Nikolaus in Unterentersbach. From 1974 to 1975 the three settlements were districts of Zell am Harmersbach. In the late Middle Ages and up to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, Unterharmersbach and Kirnbach belonged to the " Reichstal Harmersbach ", which was largely independent of the Free Imperial City and which often quarreled with it .
Building history
The oldest church on record, a choir tower church , had the French marshal Jean Baptiste Budes de Guébriant in 1643 during the Thirty Years' War including the rectory, sacristan's house and school "pitifully cremated without any creditable cause <...>". In the war and after the war, reconstruction was out of the question. In 1652, the city fathers turned to the emperor in Vienna, "since they no longer had their own potty-style kitchen and would be so impoverished because of the damage suffered in this bloodthirsty war that they could not build it again." Ferdinand III. couldn't help. An emergency church with a wooden tower was only built in 1657, much too small from the start. The effects of the Dutch War from 1672 to 1678, the Palatinate War of Succession from 1688 to 1697 and the Spanish War of Succession from 1701 to 1714 made it impossible. In 1721 the emergency church was extended by 12 m, in 1722 a new, stone west tower was built. The interior remained bleak, which is why Pastor Coelestin Weippert held the services more and more in Maria with the chains and in 1725 even let himself be buried there. The people of Zell complained about this to the Gengenbach abbot, "since it would soon be said that the pastors did not respect the parish churches either alive or dead". Instead of the wars, a dispute over the financing between the Monastery of Gengenbach, the imperial city and the Reichstal Harmersbach prevented relief. In 1772, the Strasbourg bishop threatened the city with an interdict if they did not “put their church in decent condition”. In 1788, those who were required to build came to an agreement and entrusted the execution to the Vorarlberg builder Josef Hirschbühl from the Bregenzerwald . The foundation stone was laid in 1791. The tower from 1722 was retained and the nave rebuilt. In 1793, in the presence of the abbots of Gengenbach and Schuttern Monastery, the consecration took place by the auxiliary bishop of Strasbourg and titular bishop of Dora Johann Jakob Lantz. The chronogram on the southern corner pillar of the east facade showing the year 1793 reads:
HaeC aVLa VnI trInoqVe Deodorant
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In 1953 the outside of the church was renovated, in 1965 the chancel was redesigned according to the specifications of the Second Vatican Council and in 1988 the inside of the church was renovated and the chancel was redesigned once more.
Exterior
Location on the outskirts
portal
Tomb of Johann von Meyershofen
St. Symphorian is surrounded by the wall of the former cemetery, northeast of the town center outside the old city wall. It's a simple build. The rectangle of the nave and the architecturally not detached choir adjoins the tower with its pyramid roof. The red of the pilaster strips, window reveals and corner blocks of the tower enliven the exterior. The actual facade is the south side with the main entrance under a classicistic volute gable, in it the "Eye of God" and another chronogram resulting from "1792":
Use oMnes
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Additional entrances are in the north wall opposite the main entrance and in the tower.
To the southwest on the cemetery wall are tombs from the previous church. The epitaph for Johann von Meyershofen, who died in 1706 and chiseled by Philipp Winterhalder , deserves special mention . "Elaborate splendor, flower decoration, the cupids with the rolled curls ..., all the details undoubtedly reveal the hand of the Gengenbach sculptor."
Interior
Thin pilasters structure the walls. Rising from them, stitch caps cut into the flat ceiling. In the west, two columns support the organ gallery with a swinging parapet.
Inner direction east
Left side altar
Right side altar
Inner direction west
Delicate stucco with rocailles adorns the ceiling and the arches of the arched windows and frames the ceiling paintings. It was made by Martin Zobel. In the middle of the ceiling is the golden heart of Jesus with the Jesus monogram IHS , on the choir ceiling the "Eye of God" is once again attached. Above the pilasters, eight medallions by Johann Stanislaus Schaffroth illustrate the life of St. Symphorian.
The organ was originally located on the front wall of the choir behind the high altar. The stage, the prospectus of the instrument taken over from the Strasbourg Franciscan Church in 1792 and a lattice richly carved by Franz Käßhammer from Strasbourg have been preserved. Today's high altar, the ambo and the baptismal font made of reddish marbled stone were created by Anton Kunz from Pforzheim for the 1965s, the cross behind the high altar and the bronze tabernacle by Gregor Telgmann from Kamen for the 1988 chancel redesign.
The classical side altars are also by Franz Käßhammer. The left altar shows in the main picture the donation of the rosary to Saint Dominic , next to whom - a personal attribute - a dog carries a torch in its mouth, in the upper picture Saint Ambrose . The right altar shows in the main picture Saint Symphorian as a soldier, next to whom a small angel carries a sword, in the upper picture Saint Augustine . The Symphorian picture was the main picture of the old high altar of the 18th century.
Konrad Schmider (1859–1898) from Wolfach painted the Way of the Cross . Today's organ on the west gallery was built by Rudolf Kubak in Augsburg in 1966.
literature
- Franz Disch: Chronicle of the city of Zell am Harmersbach. Lahr (Baden), Schauenburg 1937.
- Adalbert Ehrenfried: Catholic parish church Zell am Harmersbach . 3. Edition. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7954-5084-7 .
- Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Zell am Harmersbach. Digitized. Accessed on September 28, 2015. Except for the abbreviations, the texts are identical to: Zell am Harmersbach. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI. Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1982. ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 432-435.
- Max Wingenroth (Ed.): The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Volume 7: The art monuments of the Offenburg district. Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Tübingen, 1908, pp. 557-570 ( digitized version ).
- Dagmar Zimdars (arrangement): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ( Dehio-Handbuch ) Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , pp. 858–859.
Remarks
- ↑ Ehrenfried 2008, p. 3.
- ↑ Wingenroth 1908, p. 564.
- ↑ Unterharmersbach was called Hambach until 1803. Disch 1937, p. 207.
- ^ Pastoral care unit in Zell am Harmersbach: The Michaelskapelle in Unterharmersbach-Kirnbach. Digitized. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
- ^ Pastoral care unit Zell am Harmersbach: The Nikolauskapelle in Unterentersbach. Digitized. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
- ^ For Unterentersbach: Internet site from Zell am Harmersbach: Unterentersbach. Digitized. ( Memento of the original from October 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
- ↑ a b Quoted in Disch 1937, p. 205.
- ↑ Maria to the chains stood as noted on the floor of the Free Reichstal.
- ↑ Ehrenfried 2008, p. 6.
- ↑ Disch 1937, p. 207.
- ↑ Disch 1937, p. 209.
- ^ "Josef Hirschbühl II", who worked as a master bricklayer in Kenzingen and Schuttertal . So Norbert Lieb: The Vorarlberg baroque master builders . 3. Edition. Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1976, p. 96.
- ^ Hermann Brommer: Philipp Winterhalder (1667-1727). In: Die Ortenau 54, 1974, pp. 54–113, here p. 75.
- ↑ Ehrenfried 2008, p. 16.
- ↑ Ehrenfried 2008, pp. 16 and 22.
- ↑ Josef Kraus Beck: Karl Schmiders works. In: Die Ortenau , Volume 45, 1965, pp. 166-169 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Pastoral care unit in Zell am Harmersbach: St. Symphorian parish church . Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Coordinates: 48 ° 20 '52.1 " N , 8 ° 3' 45.5" E