Mary to the chains

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Mary to the chains from the west
Facade relief

Maria zu den Ketten is a pilgrimage church in Zell am Harmersbach , a town in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg , at the confluence of the Harmersbach and Nordrach rivers, which together flow into the Kinzig . The church belongs to the parish of St. Symphorian in Zell and thus to the Archdiocese of Freiburg . Its history and form were particularly researched by the teacher and local historian Franz Disch (1870–1948) and the Capuchin Father Adalbert Ehrenfried , who worked as a pastor in Zell am Harmersbach .

Legends and history

A legend says that St. Gallus built a hermitage near the Harmersbach . In addition, a spring had risen which he transplanted with roses. Residents of the area later found a picture of Mary in the roses, called it "Maria zur Rose" and built a chapel. Another legend claims that a blacksmith made of rubble was captured by the Turks during a crusade and brought to Babylon and Jerusalem. He pleaded with the Blessed Mother and promised to go on a pilgrimage to the image of grace in Zell if she would free him. Maria ordered him to shake off the chains and mount a horse standing by the path. The next morning the man found himself at the foot of the mountains near Lahr , near his home. His compatriots happily accompanied him to Zell, where the chains for the eternal memory of the miracle were hung in the chapel and are still hanging today. Also during the Thirty Years' War a Swedish colonel is said to have ordered the Zell blacksmith Jakob Grabler to forge the chains into horseshoes. But when the blacksmith wanted to put the chains from the forge on the anvil, they disappeared from the tongs and hung back in the old place, as the Zell porcelain painter Severin Schoch (1842–1880) rhymed:

The blacksmith dips them into the glow. Swings
his hammer vigorously
But they are gone from the anvil.
Disappeared link and clamp

And again they are left and right
The chains on the altar
The colonel curses
terribly. Tears his hair in his brain

This was repeated, the colonel believed in the miracle and ordered the chapel to be spared while the parish church was burned down. That happened in 1643 - a historic event.

If the second and third legends are etiological stories about the name “Maria zu den Ketten”, which is nowhere else to be found, the Gallus legend stems from Zell's close relationship with the Gengenbach Benedictine monastery , from which Zell was founded and which in turn is linked to the Benedictine abbey of St. Gallen stood. The parish church of the community of Oberharmersbach upstream is a Gallus church.

In any case, there is a church with a brick tower for the beginning of the 11th century and processions of Oberharmersbachers to the church are attested for the 14th century. In 1480 the Gengenbach abbot Jakob von Bern (abbot since 1475) had a larger church built. According to a Zeller magistrate protocol from 1697, the pilgrimage was famous; Large crowds came from near and far.

After Capuchins had previously looked after the pilgrimage, for example the monks of the Capuchin monastery in Haslach from 1630 to 1803 , the Capuchins of the Rhenish-Westphalian Order Province built their own monastery next to the church in 1920. You are still working here (2015).

Mary on the Chains 1744
Ground plan around 1900

Formerly belonged Maria to the chains to the independent community Unterharmersbach. It was not until 1975 that the church came with its incorporation from Unterharmersbach to the city of Zell am Harmersbach.

Building history

The current church was built in four stages. The tower, the choir with its net vault and the eastern part of the nave up to the corner of the wall near the pulpit date from the construction of 1480 . In 1654, damage from the Thirty Years' War was repaired - the church was, as legend reports, not destroyed, but it had suffered. In a second stage, the nave was extended to the west around 1700. The current high altar was erected in 1715. 1739 the sacristy originated east of the choir and the overlying Mesnerhaus . But more space was needed for the believers. A further extension to the west in the width of a nave, corresponding to the space required, would have been enough into the area of ​​the city (then Free Imperial City ) of Zell. In order to avoid disputes regarding sovereign rights, a western transept , the "Zwerchbau", was built. In the fourth stage from 1910 to 1911, it was finally extended to the west on Zeller Boden, in the width of the old nave. The old portal was inserted into the new west facade.

Four major renovations were carried out in the 20th century, the last from 1985 to 1987.

building

Pilgrimage fountain around 1900

The old portal with a figure niche stands out from the yellow sandstone of the facade from 1910/11 with its red sandstone. In the east of the nave, side entrances give access on the left and right. The former gothic pointed arched windows of the eastern nave were given round arches when 1700 were added. The pointed arch windows in the choir have remained, but without their tracery. The choir closes in three sides of the octagon. It has a six-part rib vault, while the fore choir yoke is ribbed. The ribs rest on octagonal consoles.

Furnishing

In the church square there is a well from 1790 in a depression, to which five steps lead down. At the bottom there are two putti carrying chains. Above this, on a pedestal decorated with volutes and rocailles, stands the Maria Immaculate with the baby Jesus on a globe.

Another statue of the Virgin Mary, from 1710, is in the figure niche of the (red, see above) church portal. A large relief of the coronation of Mary is placed above it in yellow sandstone . Two putti are holding a broken chain below Mary, the fourteen helpers in need are further down .

  • Inside to the east

  • Inside to the west

Ceiling painting

Ceiling painting

The ceiling painting in the middle of the church shows the miraculous image floating on a cloud and venerated by angels, unlike today in baroque robes. Below that, in front of the silhouette of Zell with a tower, the pilgrimage church in front of the last extension and St. Symphorian, the chain miracles happen: on the right the return of the man from rubble with the broken chain, on the left the Swedish soldiers and the unsuccessful attempt to forge the chain into horseshoes . The four paintings around the main picture show Marian mysteries: the "Immaculate Conception", the birth of Mary, the Annunciation of the Lord and the Assumption of Mary into heaven .

Choir and altars

The historical iron chains hang on the left and right of the choir arch .

The two ever-light traffic lights were manufactured by Augsburg goldsmiths in the 17th century.

The high altar from 1715 is a baroque work of art with twisted columns both on the main floor and in the extension . In the middle, above the tabernacle, stands the miraculous image , a Madonna from around 1350. A halo, crown and scepter were added in the Baroque period. Joseph Dettlinger has them in gold taken . The baroque robes have been removed today. “Mary is still shown sitting on a throne. This composition was soon replaced by the standing Madonnas. The posture and the arrangement of the dress are very dignified, the figure is spiritual and feminine. The veil is placed gracefully around the head, and the dress swings towards the floor in gentle folds. ”In the extract stands above the miraculous image King David with scepter and harp, Benedict of Nursia on the left , Benedict's sister Scholastica on the right , both with abbot's staff and on Reminiscent of Gengenbach. A classical vase crowns the structure. Numerous little angels pay homage to Mary. There are also angels in the passageways to the left and right of the high altar, each with a chain and reliquaries .

The side altars are similar to the high altar, but have smooth columns.

  • Left side altar

  • Choir and high altar

  • Right side altar

In the center of the left, from 1712, Saint Anne is depicted , according to apocryphal tradition, the mother of Mary, Mary and her child as the third of Anna , in the excerpt in the middle Mary's apocryphal father Joachim , on the left the apostle Johannes , on the right Augustine , also as Pirminius interpretable, at the top Johannes Nepomuk .

The center of the right side altar, from 1741, is a relief of the crucifixion of Jesus by Joseph Dettlinger from 1910, an "excellent sculptural work". In the excerpt above the relief are Saint Helena with the cross of Jesus she found, on the left the Apostle Andrew with the St. Andrew's cross , on the right Peter with the inverted cross, on which he, again according to apocryphal tradition, crucified with his head down has been. At the top is St. Lawrence as a deacon with a martyr's palm and rust.

The altars in the transept carry statues of St. Joseph and St. Anthony of Padua from the 17th century.

Others

  • pulpit

  • Zacharias

  • John the Baptist

Archangel Michael holds scales and sword above the left side entrance . Opposite him is St. Francis of Assisi . On the sound cover of the Rococo pulpit from 1769, Jesus as the Good Shepherd ( Jn 10.1-21 EU ) carries  a lamb on his shoulder. West of the pulpit on the left wall is a figure of Zacharias , the father of John the Baptist ( Lk 1.5-25  EU ), opposite on the right wall is a figure of his son, both in 1900 by Joseph Dettlinger. The fronts of the confessionals from the 18th century have been preserved. The Stations of the Cross are paintings by Emil Sutors from 1935.

The oldest parts of the organ come from Georg Friedrich Merckel (1691–1766) from Strasbourg, a competitor of Andreas Silbermann .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ruth Baitsch: Chronicle of the City of Zell a. H. Zell am Harmersbach 1970.
  2. ^ Günter Haiss (Ed.): From the Chronicle of Zell. Ah. by Sev. Schoch. Private print 1973.
  3. ↑ Wingenroth 1908, p. 545.
  4. ↑ Ehrenfried 2013, p. 6.
  5. ^ Pastoral care unit Zell am Harmersbach: Kapuzinerkloster Zell . Digitized. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
  6. ^ Zell am Harmersbach: Unterharmersbach. Digitized. ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 1, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zell.de
  7. ↑ Disch 1937, p. 219.
  8. ↑ Disch 1937, p. 222.
  9. ↑ Ehrenfried 2013, p. 14.
  10. ↑ Ehrenfried 2013, p. 11.
  11. ↑ Ehrenfried 2013, p. 1.
  12. ^ Website of the company Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer Digitalisat. Retrieved October 5, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Maria on the Chains  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 20 '53.9 "  N , 8 ° 4' 16.1"  E