St. Vincentius (Neuershausen)

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St. Vincentius from the southeast

St. Vincentius - also St. Vincentius Levita , because St. Vincent of Saragossa was a deacon or, according to the older parlance, "Levite" - is the Roman Catholic parish church of Neuershausen, a district of the municipality of March northwest of Freiburg im Breisgau . The parish belongs to the March-Gottenheim pastoral care unit of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . The Merdingen teacher and art historian Hermann Brommer researched the history and shape of the church .

history

In the Lorsch Codex for the years 788 (uncertain), 789 and 794 donations “in Niuuericheshuser marca” - “in the Neuershausen district” to the Lorsch monastery are recorded; In 1989 Neuershausen therefore celebrated its 1200th anniversary.

As in the whole of Breisgau, the highest rulers were the Zähringers , after their extinction in 1218 the Counts of Freiburg and then the Habsburgs . Belonging to Habsburg Front Austria ended with the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 and the transition to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806.

Around 1300, the up-and-coming Statz family from Freiburg had rights in Neuershausen, after which a small mansion, today's “Rinckenhof”, is also called “Statzenturm”. From the 13th to the 15th century, however, the local lord was the von Tuslingen family, who belonged to the city nobility of Freiburg im Breisgau and who, according to other sources, were called "von Neuershausen", like a Johannes von Tuslingen (or von Neuershausen) mayor of Freiburg in 1295. They built a larger mansion near the Statzenturm on the site of today's “castle”.

In the middle of the 15th century - despite competition with Konrad Stürtzel , the Chancellor of the Habsburg Archduke Siegmund - the Knights of Lichtenfels , who came from the Neckar area, came to rule. At the beginning of the 16th century they owned “Dorff, Zwing and Bann, high and low courts and the seat of Nuwershusen.” They owned both the Statzenturm and the larger manor house. The stained glass windows of the Lichtenfels-Krozingen Chapel on the ambulatory of the Freiburg Cathedral , made in 1524, show the Basel canon and provost of the Münster-Granfelden Monastery, Cornelius von Lichtenfels († 1535), in front of a blue damask background at the top left, kneeling in front of Saint Germanus von Granfelden , Knight Hans von Lichtenfels, a brother of Cornelius and Herr zu Neuershausen, kneeling in front of the Man of Sorrows , with his two wives. The last Lichtenfels in Neuershausen, Johann Georg, died in 1601.

Via two other noble families, Neuershausen came to Ferdinand Joseph Graf von Duran in 1732, a captain of Spanish-Catalan origin in the imperial Habsburg army. Of the 29 years of his reign in Neuershaus - he died in 1761 - he spent almost 20 arguing with his subjects. “Basically, it was a single long process, interrupted by pauses of several years, which went through all civil and governmental instances right up to the imperial court in Vienna and left mountains of written paper.” In 1755 a decree from Vienna forced a comparison. “The Neuershausen people got on badly and rightly with their count afterwards; When the church was built from 1758 onwards, they stood united against the tithe lords who were unwilling to build. Basically it was only thanks to the tenacity of the count that the place received such a beautiful church. ”Ferdinand Joseph left a deeply indebted legacy. His son Franz Joseph (* 1741) had to sell the estate for 116,000 florins in 1779 . When he died in Freiburg in 1814, he is said to have left only 12 florins.

The buyer of the Neuershauser inheritance was Elisabetha Countess von Schauenburg-Hennin from the Lorraine aristocratic family Hennin , who married Christoph Anton von Schauenburg (1717–1787) in 1742 , but had long since divorced him in 1779. She paid the purchase price from her own resources. She had the old manor house torn down and the “new” or “front” castle that still exists today was built in its place, with her coat of arms and not the Schauenburg coat of arms. She died in 1796. In 1839 the manor was inherited by the Baden lawyer August Marschall von Bieberstein , who started the Neuershauser line of Marshal von Bieberstein , who still owns the castle to this day (2015).

The Statzenturm was sold to the Rinck von Baldenstein family in 1625 . As a "noble property", it was not subject to local jurisdiction. This often led to tensions with both the community and the local lord. The main source of income for the Rinck von Baldenstein was tithe . With three quarters they were the "main decimators " or main tithe lords of Neuershausen. The Statzenturm is still owned by the family today.

The parish was first mentioned in 1275 in the Liber decimationis of the Diocese of Constance .

  • Old views and plans

  • Neuershausen 1587 with Statzenturm (below) and larger mansion (above)

  • Dano's first draft

  • Dano's second draft

  • Meisburger's draft to restore the tower

  • Neuershausen around 1900

Building history

An older church, built in 1472 according to the notes of Pastor Joseph Jakob Buisson (around 1704 to 1754), was dilapidated in the 18th century. The choir tower threatened to collapse. The community, Count Ferdinand Joseph von Duran and Baron Rinck von Baldenstein, who were also the principal tenants, fought over the financing of the new building. In 1757, Philipp Jacob Dano (around 1704 to 1780), the architect of the Prince-Bishop of Basel Josef Wilhelm Rinck von Baldenstein , submitted a design that Count Duran and the community disagreed with as too poor. The Baldenstein family wrote to the Constance diocesan curia : “It is unheard of that Count Duran, pastor and bailiff demand a tower with a dome, red clapboard, sheet metal or covered with copper. Until now they had a tower made of wood (half-timbered), and now we are building one of stone; but if Duran and the community want that, they should pay for it themselves. ”In April 1758, a modified plan for Danos was agreed. If the municipality of Fuhrfronen went beyond the boundaries of the district, the Rinck von Baldenstein wanted to grant it a tower dome. The old church was demolished on July 11, 1758, the foundation stone for the new one was laid on May 13, 1759, and the new church was consecrated by Pastor Andreas Ochs (pastor from 1755 to 1763) on April 19, 1761.

In 1786 the wood of the tower dome was rotten due to poor sheet metal covering. The new local mistress Elisabeth von Schauenburg-Hénin protested against the simplistic draft of the Freiburg master mason Johann Joseph Meisburger for a new hood; she does not want to see the "tower in the drawn, accorded form". She obtained the addition of a lantern .

From 1970 to 1973 a thorough renovation restored the original condition. In 2011, after the discovery of a crack in the ceiling, a new restoration began with scaffolding inside.

building

St. Vincentius lies in the middle of the walled cemetery. The semi-circular choir follows the four-bay nave , divided into four equal fields by pilaster strips. In the southern corner between the nave and the choir rises the tower, which is divided into its four lower floors only by small, high rectangular windows. Its corner pilasters step back a little on the fifth, the bell-shaped storey with large arched windows and give four stand areas free for statues of the church and altar patrons Vincentius, Evangelist Johannes , Saint Blaise of Sebaste and Mother Anna herself . The bell storey has a dome, the simplification of which compared to the state up to 1786 shows a comparison with the crack of the church in the high altar picture. In the west facade, the corners of which are rounded, the arched portal opens, flanked by pilasters and crowned with a sprinkling gable , along with a round arched window. Yellow of the wall surfaces, red of the pilaster strips and white of additional lines are the colors of the exterior. The hall is covered with a mirror vault and separated from the choir, which is also covered, by a wide triumphal arch . Stitch caps over the windows divide the room. In the rounded corners between the side walls and the triumphal arch, “inclined side altars appear, which reveal the will of the builder to achieve a flowing transition from the nave to the choir, to merge the two parts of the room and to direct the worshipers' gaze primarily to the high altar. A building idea that found its way into the Breisgau through JK Bagnatos Merdinger Church (1738–1741). ”In the west, the organ gallery supported by two sandstone pillars swings forward.

Furnishing

Franz Xaver Anton Hauser (1712–1772) created the four tower statues and the Maria Immaculata in a niche outside in the apex of the choir.

For stucco of the interior judges Brommer: "rhythm and swinging treat receives the space by the decisions in delicate pink and gray stucco of Wessobrunners Franz Anton Vogel . These graceful Rococo decorations play around the fields of the ceiling paintings in an elegant play, pouring towards the walls to gently trickle around window and door frames, choir arches and galleries. "

The artist of the three ceiling paintings is the Freiburg painter Franz Joseph Rösch (1723–1777). Above the organ gallery, Ecclesia , the church, shows people from the four continents known at the time, Africa, Europe, Asia and America, cross, chalice and host. The main picture symbolizes the primacy of Simon Peter . He kneels before Jesus, who says to him: "You are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church" ( Mt 16 : 18-19  EU ). A rock with a church on it forms the background. The picture in the choir shows the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the disciples.

Altars

The high altar was built by the cabinet maker Johann Adam Bretz (1724–1803) from Zaingrub in Lower Austria , who worked in Freiburg. Flanked by a pilaster and two columns on either side of the main picture, the altar fits into the semicircular end of the choir. Rösch's picture shows Vincentius as a deacon with chains, torches, the martyr's palm and the raven who, according to legend, defended his corpse against wild animals. Vincentius presents Mary and her child with a crack in the church with the original tower dome, which was replaced in 1787. A noble woman and a beggar in front of the crack indicate that the church is open to all classes. The upper picture shows the Holy Spirit and God the Father holding the globe. Count Duran had wanted a cross scene as an altarpiece, but Pastor Ochs had pushed through the depiction of the church patron against this "badly Lutheran" idea. The statues of the two secondary patrons Blasius on the left and Evangelist Johannes on the right as well as the other carvings are again by Franz Xaver Anton Hauser.

The stucco marble side altars are works by Franz Anton Vogel, her paintings are works by Johann Pfunner , who comes from Schwaz in Tyrol and works in Freiburg . On the left it is St. Blaise, on the right, at the Anna altar, Maria's parents Joachim and Anna .

Others

For the pulpit in Bretz, Johann Baptist Sellinger from Merdingen supplied Johannes the Baptist on the sound cover, the dove of the Holy Spirit and three putti.

Mathias Martin built the organ in Waldkirch in 1811 .

meaning

Hermann Brommer considers the church to be worthy of the inscription "No V a D o MV s C ae L o ere C ta" - "The new church built in heaven" in a cartouche above the choir arch . The inscription shows the year V + D + M + V + C + L + C = MDCCLVV = 1760 as a chronogram . “Because of its otherwise little-known architect, but also because of the crowd of artists involved in the construction, the Neuershausen parish church is always a treasure trove of local baroque art take their place in the art history of Breisgau. "

literature

  • Sven Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein: The new castle and its owners. In: Thomas Steffens (Ed.): 1200 years Neuershausen; 789-1989. March 1989, pp. 153-165.
  • Hermann Brommer : The St. Vincentius Church in Neuershausen: A treasure chest of local baroque art. In: Thomas Steffens (Ed.): 1200 years Neuershausen; 789-1989. March 1989, pp. 281-318.
  • Hermann Brommer: Parish Church of St. Vincentius Levita Neuershausen. 2nd Edition. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 1995.
  • Dorothee König-Ockenfels: Neuershausen in the Middle Ages. In: Thomas Steffens (Ed.): 1200 years Neuershausen; 789-1989. March 1989, pp. 33-78.
  • State Monuments Office Baden-Württemberg and District Office Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald: District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. List of cultural monuments. I. The architectural and art monuments of the former Freiburg district. Neuershausen. Freiburg im Breisgau 1974.
  • State archive administration Baden-Württemberg: Freiburg im Breisgau, urban and rural district, official district description. Volume II, 2: Neuershausen. Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 1974, pp. 723–735 ( digitalised at discover regional studies online ).
  • Thomas Steffens: The early modern times. In: Thomas Steffens (Ed.): 1200 years Neuershausen; 789-1989. March 1989, pp. 79-152.
  • Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments Baden-Württemberg II . Berlin, Deutscher Kunstverlag 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , pp. 478–479.

Remarks

  1. ↑ König-Ockenfels 1989, p. 66.
  2. ↑ König-Ockenfels 1989, p. 65.
  3. ↑ Steffens 1989, p. 80.
  4. ↑ The kneeling are identified by the inscriptions "CORNELIVS DE LICHTENFELS, ECCLESIAE BASILEENSIS SCHOLASTICVS ET CANONICUS" and "HANS VON LICHTENFELS VND FROW MARIA VON LANDEGG VND FROW ANASTASIA PFEWIN VON RIEPUR SIN ELIGE GEMAHL". Ingeborg Krummer-Schroth : Glass paintings from the Freiburg Minster. Rombach Verlag, Freiburg 1967, p. 194.
  5. ↑ Steffens 1989, p. 87.
  6. ↑ Steffens 1989, p. 92.
  7. ^ Franz Winterhalter: 1200 years Neuershausen - 1200 years March. Series of publications by the Heimatverein March e. V. 1989.
  8. ↑ Steffens 1989, p. 95.
  9. ↑ Born in Freiburg, the count made himself hated as a "district chief" while carrying out the absolutist reform plans of the Austrian statesman Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz in Freiburg. The scandal occurred in 1757 in the “ Women's War ”, when the Freiburgers, including numerous women, protested against the extradition of two poachers to Emmendingen and thus “into Lutheran hands” and forcibly freed the delinquents from prison. Ulrich Ecker and Heiko Haumann : “Far too many officials” and “Freedom Apostles”. Fortress life, absolutist city reform and republican plans between the Thirty Years War and the transition to Baden. In: Heiko Haumann and Hans Schadeck: History of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau. Volume 2. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-0873-5 , pp. 162-236, here pp. 207-208.
  10. ↑ Bieberstein 1989, p. 157.
  11. ↑ Brommer 1989, p. 281.
  12. ↑ Brommer 1989, p. 291.
  13. ↑ Tanja Buty: The stucco threatens to fall. The ceiling above the nave of the parish church of St. Vinzentius in Neuershausen is dilapidated. Church will remain closed for the time being. In: Badische Zeitung of August 13, 2010. Digitized. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  14. ↑ Julius Steckmeister: Church preservation with minimal solution. In: Badische Zeitung of January 24, 2013. Digitized. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  15. ↑ a b Brommer 1995, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Zimdars 1997.
  17. ↑ Brommer 1995, p. 13.
  18. ↑ Brommer 1995, p. 14.

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 4 '12.8 "  N , 7 ° 46' 14.1"  E