Tatar steppe maple
| Tatar steppe maple | ||||||||||||
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Tatar steppe maple ( Acer tataricum ) in Saratov Oblast , Russia. |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the section | ||||||||||||
| Ginnala | ||||||||||||
| Nakai | ||||||||||||
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| Acer tataricum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Tatar steppe maple ( Acer tataricum ), also called Tatar maple , steppe maple or fire maple , is the only plant species in the Ginnala section in the maple genus ( Acer ) within the soap tree family (Sapindaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The steppe maple grows as a deciduous shrub or tree that reaches heights of 3 to 5 meters, rarely up to 15 meters. The bark of the branches is always bare. The bark is gray and rough with egg-shaped or rounded lenticels . The small winter buds have five to ten pairs of roof-tile-like overlapping scales, the edges of which are hairy.
The constantly against arranged on the branches of leaves divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole has a length of 1 to 5 centimeters. With a length of 1.2 to 10 centimeters and a width of 1 to 6 centimeters, the leaf blade is almost circular, broadly ovoid to elliptically elongated. The leaf blade is rarely lobed or with two smaller side lobes, youth leaves are sometimes three to five lobed. The leaf edge is serrated irregular to double serrated. The tip of the leaf is pointed, the base of the blade is heart-shaped to rounded. On the upper side, the blade is bald and light green, on the underside it is initially hairy on the nerves. In autumn the leaves turn yellow to red-orange.
Generative characteristics
The upright, umbrella-clustered inflorescence is 2 to 6 centimeters large, downy hairy to glabrous and contains a few flowers. The flower stalk is slightly hairy shaggy.
In Acer tataricum is Andromonözie before, that is on an individual contact-male and hermaphrodite flowers on. The flowers, which are relatively small and fragrant for Acer species, are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The egg-shaped with a length of 1.5 to 2 mm five sepals are hairy on the edges shaggy. The five oblong-egg-shaped petals are white or greenish. The eight stamens have bare stamens. The extrastaminal disc is bare. The ovary is hairy intensely to sparsely. The stylus is bare. The flowering time is in Germany in May, in China from May to June.
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The winged nuts (Samara) are yellowish-green and a total of 25 to 35 mm long and 8 to 10 mm wide. The nut fruits themselves are long and shaggy as long as they are young. The two winged fruits are at an acute angle to almost parallel to each other. The first glandular hairy, later bald wings are 2 to 3 centimeters long and often have a reddish color. The fruits ripen from September to October.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Systematics
The species name Acer tataricum was 1753 Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 2, p 1054 first published . Acer tataricum is the only species of the Ginnala Nakai section within the genus Acer . The system is inconsistent depending on the author, so that some subspecies are also listed as a separate species. Ultimately, it is a species complex in which hybridization can occur under artificial conditions or in the small areas of overlap , although the subspecies are usually geographically separated. Especially the subspecies Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala is often viewed as a separate species, see also fire maple .
In 1996, Piet C. de Jong understood Acer tataricum in a broader sense and distinguished four subspecies:
- Acer tataricum L. subsp. tataricum
- Acer tataricum subsp. aidzuense (Franch.) PC de Jong , Syn .: Acer tataricum var. aidzuense Franch.
- In this subspecies, if there are side lobes, then clearly others appear next to the two side lobes. They can be found on the four main islands of Japan .
- Fire maple or Amur maple ( Acer tataricum subsp. Ginnala (Maxim.) Wesmaer , Syn .: Acer ginnala Maxim. )
- The Amur maple has smaller leaves (4 to 8 cm) and additional lobes on the middle and side lobes, but there are sometimes also unlobed leaves. The edge is sharp and roughly double-sawn. The petiole is 1.5 to 4 cm longer than that of Acer tataricum subsp. tataricum and the top is glossy dark green and light green underneath. The autumn color is more clearly carmine-red. The yellowish white flowers are about 50 in an inflorescence. The wings are parallel or at an acute angle and sticky. This subspecies occurs in East Siberia, Southeast Mongolia , China ( Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Henan , Jilin , Liaoning , Inner Mongolia , Shaanxi , Shanxi ), North Korea and Japan .
- Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii (Regel & Herder) Pax , Semenow-Ahorn, Syn .: Acer semenovii Regel & Herder
- The Semenow maple becomes significantly smaller with up to 5 m. The leaves are 1 to 3 (to 5) cm × 1 to 3 cm smaller than the other subspecies, but slightly leathery. It blooms as early as April and has larger (3 to 3.5 cm) fruits. It occurs in northern Iran , Turkmenistan , northern Afghanistan , Tajikistan , Kyrgyzstan , in the Tianshan Mountains and in southeast Kazakhstan ( Lake Balkhash region). There it can be found in the steppe up to open forests, in valleys and gravel slopes at altitudes between 700 and 3000 meters.
- Acer tataricum subsp. theiferum (WPFang) YSChen & PC de Jong
- Has very thin leaves and is hairy on the underside of the leaf. This subspecies is found in the southern range in China: Anhui , north Guangdong , Henan, Hubei , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Shaanxi and Zhejiang . The taxonomic status is unclear, it is also used as a synonym for the subspecies Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala viewed.
use
The strong autumn colors of Acer tataricum are visually appealing, which is why the steppe and fire maple are often planted in parks and front gardens. There are various cultivated forms in terms of leaf color.
The young leaves of the fire maple subspecies ( Acer tataricum subsp. Ginnala ) are also used as a tea substitute in China .
literature
- Tingzhi Xu, Yousheng Chen, Piet C. de Jong, Herman John Oterdoom & Chin-Sung Chang: Aceraceae , In: ZY Wu, PH Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 11, 2008: Acer tataricum , p. 545 . (section description and classification)
- Helmut Pirc: Maples . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8001-6554-6 , pp. 220 ff .
Web links
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- The aidzuense subspecies , In: Flora of Japan.
Individual evidence
- ↑ scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Acer tataricum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ University of Hohenheim - Landesarboretum database