Teufelsseekanal
The Teufelsseekanal is a branch canal of the Berlin Oberhavel . It branches at km 5.34 of the Havel-Oder Waterway (HOW) and is in the district hook field of Spandau . To the west, in the Spandau Forest , joins the Kleine Teufelssee .
The Landesschifffahrtsverordnung Berlin lists the canal as a navigable state waterway . At the moment (as of 2011), however, it is closed to shipping. The Teufelsseekanal was built in the 1910s to supply the Oberhavel power plant, which was demolished between 2005 and 2009. During the division of Germany there was a border crossing for commercial goods traffic on the waterway and the checkpoint of the West Berlin customs. At the confluence with the Havel, the 125-meter-long Oberhavelsteg leads across the canal. The 1991 completed Zügelgurtbrücke is part of the Havel cycle path , the Radfernwegs Berlin-Copenhagen , the Queen Luise Route and Havelseen path, the trail 12 of the 20 green main roads of Berlin.
Location, natural area, naming
The 450 meter long body of water stretches from the bank of the Havel to the west as a dead straight line to Niederneuendorfer Allee in the Spandauer Forest. Across the avenue is the 100-meter-long Kleine Teufelssee , which extends to the tracks of the former Bötzowbahn . The Teufelsbruch und Niedermoore nature reserve , which emerged from the former Teufelssee, begins on the west side of the railway line . This lake, now moored, on the adjacent map from 1842, gave its name to the canal, the small Teufelssee and the Bruch.
The eastern part of the canal was excavated in the Rustwiesen, a former swamp area on the Havel (see map). Before that, the so-called “rust” with large masses of sand that was extracted from the excavation of the Hohenzollern Canal, which began in 1906, had been heaped up and drained. The Rustweg, halfway between the Teufelsseekanal and the Aalemannkanal to the south , is reminiscent of the muddy meadows.
history
Supply channel for the Oberhavel power plant
The Teufelsseekanal was in the 1910s to supply the urban district power plant (later Spandau Kraftwerk Oberhavel ) created - the self-employed at the time the city district of Spandau was only in 1920 after Greater Berlin incorporated. In 1914 the power plant went on the grid. It was expanded as early as 1916, as the First World War brought about a significant shift from the supply of gas to the use of electricity, which was mainly generated with coal. In the war emergency years, it was mainly industrial companies that converted to power supply.
The power station was on the north side of the canal and was supplied with barges , mainly coal and oil. Parallel to the canal and the Kleiner Teufelssee there is a now disused siding to the Bötzowbahn , which was also used exclusively to supply the power plant with fuel. The tracks led to Hennigsdorf and the Berlin-Spandau Johannesstift freight yard , which is used today (as of 2011) by the Havelländische Eisenbahn as the central station and administrative center. The tram line 120 , which ran from 1923 to 1945 on the Bötzowbahn from Spandau to Hennigsdorf, had a “Kraftwerk” stop.
In the early years of the plant, noise from coal extraction from the crane and from the cooling air generators led to complaints from residents in Hakenfelde, but also from Heiligensee and Tegelort . The noise level was then significantly reduced. In 1929 BEWAG took over the management. After the Second World War , the Oberhavel power plant, together with the West power plant, became the main carrier of West Berlin's energy supply. In 1959 the power plant was expanded considerably. Its chimney reached a height of 120 meters. In 1976, citizens' initiatives prevented the relocation and expansion of the power plant in the Spandau Forest on Oberjägerweg. 50,000 trees would have had to be cleared for this, which the Higher Administrative Court finally prohibited. Instead, the Reuter West thermal power station was built in the Spandau industrial area on the Spree . After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the Oberhavel power plant lost its importance and operations ceased in February 2002. The plant was demolished between 2005 and 2009. The property was sold to an investor by the operator Vattenfall .
On the south side of the canal was the site of the former Engel und Leonhard concrete plant , which has now also been demolished. There is a supermarket on the area (as of 2018), terraced houses are under construction and planned. The construction sites and fallow land on both banks are cordoned off, so that the Teufelsseekanal is only accessible to the public in its confluence with the Havel and at its western end on Niederneuendorfer Allee. The jetty of the power plant and the train tracks that visibly cross Niederneuendorfer Allee still bear witness to its industrial days.
Checkpoint of the West Berlin customs
Until the branching off of the Havel Canal at 10.40 km, the Oder-Havel waterway was divided into two halves during the division of Germany . The Teufelsseekanal / Hennigsdorf border crossing was located here , one of the Berlin border crossings on the waterways . While the control station of the GDR was upstream near Hennigsdorf, the control post of the West Berlin customs, not visible to the GDR authorities, was on the Teufelsseekanal. The crossing only served the exchange traffic and transit traffic to Poland, not to the Federal Republic of Germany . It was only approved for commercial freight traffic. Pleasure craft had to be loaded onto inland waterway vessels or towed along the route. Among the ships handled were many Polish ships with coal, scrap and crushed stone. The traffic was low. In 1964, 6093 ships were handled on the GDR side; In 1988 there were 6344. The GDR border was secured by a floating barrier that was opened and closed individually for each ship in 27 seconds. Only the border tower of Border Regiment 38 " Clara Zetkin " on Dorfstraße directly on the bank in Nieder Neuendorf is reminiscent of the Berlin Wall .
Warm water with record fish
The water supply from the Oberhavel power plant provided unnaturally warm water in the Teufelsseekanal. The increase in nutrients resulting from the warming led to an above-average abundance of fish via the food web while the plant was in operation . In addition to the haveldominierenden whitefish lead and silver bream huge were there annually catfish and carp weighing more than 20 kg caught. The record catch in the 1990s was a 1.64 m long catfish weighing 31 kg. Accordingly, the canal was one of Berlin's most preferred fishing waters . When the fishing permits were issued for the upcoming season, there were long queues at the Fisheries Office because of the Teufelsseekanal. The Berliner Tagesspiegel reported:
“As early as five o'clock in the morning, the first visitors were waiting at the door of the fisheries office to get a fishing license for 1982. The rush was mainly aimed at the fishing permits for the Teufelsseekanal. […] A total of 600 fishing permits were issued yesterday; 2000 written orders were still available. "
In the meantime, the fish are nowhere near the weights of the time when the canal was considered the "Mecca of the carp scene" by anglers.
Oberhavelsteg
Shortly before it flows into the Havel, the Oberhavelsteg crosses the canal. The bridle strap bridge , completed in 1991, is around 125 meters long and is suspended from two H-pylons . The steel structure is barrier-free and has spacious ramps.
The foot and cycle bridge is part of the Radfernwegs Berlin-Copenhagen , the part here again the Havel cycle path is also part of the Queen Luise Route and Havelseen path, the trail 12 of the 20 green main ways ® Berlin. To the north are the Bürgerablage and the former exclave Erlengrund , to the south the Aalemann Canal with the Aalemann Canal Bridge and the northern port of Spandau .
→ For further integration of the bridge into the Berlin route network, see the corresponding chapter at Nordhafen Spandau .
The channel in literature
The children's book author Joachim Masannek - author of the filmed Wild Soccer Guys - made the Teufelsseekanal the starting point for his “Wildernacht” novels. In Wildernacht (Volume 1), in the summer of 2006, he lets the main character, 13-year-old Charly, find a metal box with six diaries while playing pirates on the Teufelsseekanal, in which the fictional writer Michael Klondeik wrote how the world was saved from the forces of darkness can be. In the prologue The End of the World , a letter enclosed with the notebook, Klondike begs the finder of the treasure chest:
“That's why I'm cheating on the devil now. I don't burn the notebooks as he demands. No, I put the diaries in this box and sink them here in the canal, in the Teufelsseekanal near the bridge. And before you judge me, before you think I'm crazy and throw that letter in the trash along with those stained old notebooks before you do that, please give me one more chance. Continue reading. Try to understand and save yourself and our world. At the dragon's breath, I beg you! "
The console addict Charly no longer goes to school for three years and plays the diaries as a computer game before he realizes that the diaries are real and that the evil around him is already more powerful than he can imagine. In the further course of the story, the Teufelsseekanal and the former halls of the brownfield sites will be the scene of the action several times.
literature
- Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Studies on the history of the city and district of Spandau. Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-7678-0593-6 .
Web links
- Oberhavelsteg, pictures at structurae
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ordinance regulating shipping traffic on the waters of the State of Berlin (Landesschifffahrtsverordnung Berlin - LandesSchiffVO Bln). From April 27, 1998 (GVB1. P. 91), amended by the ordinance of October 8, 1999 (GVB1. P. 558), p. 7. (PDF; 41 kB)
- ↑ The Rust. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. VDSF LV Berlin-Brandenburg.
- ↑ Rustweg. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ Michael Erbe : Spandau in the age of the world wars . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... p. 274.
- ↑ Through the devil's break to the swineherd. A tour through the Spandau Forest . (PDF; 329 kB) Senate Department for Urban Development.
- ↑ a b Bürgerablage water rescue station. Oberhavel power plant.
- ↑ Well thought. Plan2. In: Der Tagesspiegel , February 24, 2007.
- ↑ Michael Erbe: Outlook. Industrial center in divided Berlin . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... p. 323f.
- ↑ About the blasting work, including the chimney, of the Oberhavel power plant in 2007. ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Heiligensee online.
- ^ History. Havel-Oder Wasserstraße (HOW). Waterways and Shipping Office Berlin
- ^ GDR passport control. Documentation of the former passport control unit staff officer Hans-Dieter Behrendt. See border crossing points → Hennigsdorf border crossing point.
- ↑ Christian Kersten: Huge carp and catfish are hooked every year. In: Berliner Zeitung , August 17, 1995.
- ↑ Der Tagesspiegel , January 6, 1982.
- ↑ waters. ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Carpteam Berlin.
- ↑ Oberhavelsteg in the bridge web
- ↑ Havelseenweg. Senate Department for Urban Development.
- ↑ Library service for schools. Wild night.
- ↑ Klondeik's diaries are published under the names Wildernacht, Kladde 1 etc. parallel to the series of novels with Percy. ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Joachim Masannek : Wildernacht - 1. Diary . Franz Schneider Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-505-12597-3 , p. 7. Reading sample, prologue (PDF; 1.9 MB) Wildernacht, Volume 1, p. 7
- ↑ Joachim Masannek: Wildernacht - 1. Tagebuch , ..., pp. 39f, 127f.
Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ′ 39 ″ N , 13 ° 12 ′ 56 ″ E