Tongyeong
| Tongyeong | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korean alphabet : | 통영시 | |||
| Chinese characters : | 統 營 市 | |||
| Revised Romanization : | Tongyeong | |||
| McCune-Reischauer : | T'ongyŏng | |||
| Basic data | ||||
| Province : | Gyeongsangnam-do | |||
| Coordinates : | 34 ° 50 ′ N , 128 ° 25 ′ E | |||
| Surface: | 238.834 km² | |||
| Residents: | 140,000 (as of 2015) | |||
| Population density : | 586 inhabitants per km² | |||
| Structure: | 1 Si , 1 Eup , 6 Myeon , 8 Dong |
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Tongyeong ( kor. 통영시 ) is a port city of around 140,000 inhabitants with an important history in the province of Gyeongsangnam-do ( 경상남도 ) on the south coast of South Korea .
Origin of name
The name Tongyeong can be derived from Tongjeyong ( 통제영 ), which means naval headquarters. Until the beginning of the 17th century, when the place was still a fishing village, it was called Duryong-po ( 두령 보 ), from 1617 Chunwon-myeon and from 1914 Tongyeong-myeon. From 1955 to 1994 the city was called Ch'ungmu ( 충무 ) in honor of Admiral Yi Sun-sin (1545–1596) .
geography
Tongyeong is located on a peninsula around 50 km southwest of the city of Jinju ( 진주시 ) at the end of Expressway 35 , which leads to Tongyeong from the northwest. Just west of the city is the island Geojedo ( 거제도 ). To the northeast of the city is the 246 m high Sambongsan ( 삼봉산 ). The city with its seaport forms the northern starting point for the Hallyeohaesang National Park ( 한려 해산 국립 공원 ).
The urban area and the district, which covers an area of 238.8 km 2 , include around 500 islands of various sizes off the peninsula, of which, according to the city of Yokjido ( 욕지도 ), Hansando ( 한산도 ), Saryangdo ( 사럥 도 ), Maemuldo ( 먜 물도 ), Somaemuldo ( 소메 물도 ) and Bijindo ( 비진 도 ), which should be the most beautiful. Other larger islands in the administrative area of the city are: Mireukdo ( 미륵 도 ), Dumido ( 두미도 ), Yeonhwado ( 연화 도 ), Sangnodaedo ( 상노 대도 ), and Gukdo ( 국도 ).
climate
Geojedo Island protects Tongyeong from the currents of the Korea Strait , while the Mireuksan Mountains and the two islands of Yokjido and Yeonhwado protect the city from the effects of high winds. The effects of the warm current , known in Japanese as Kuroshio (Black Current) and its offshoot Tsushima , create a very mild oceanic climate throughout the year, which earned the city the title of the warmest place in the country. The differences between the coldest mean and the warmest mean of the year are smallest in Tongyeong with an average of 2.5 degrees Celsius in January and up to 26 degrees Celsius on average in August.
The city of Tongyeong is also the place in South Korea that is hardest hit when a typhoon hits the coast. Typhoon Sara , for example, which terrified the city on September 16, 1959 , was the most devastating , with 750 dead, 2,200 injured, 121,000 damaged buildings, 3,300 ships and total damage of 129 billion won , around 86 million euros Typhoon that ever hit South Korea.
history
The former fishing village of Duryong-po, on the banks of which is now the port of Tongyeong, existed in its form until 1604, when it was the naval headquarters of the Korean naval forces for the three provinces, Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do and Chungcheon-do the place was built. Years before, during the Imjininwaeran invasion (1592–1598), when Japanese troops invaded the country, the place and its surrounding sea areas made lasting history. In a first sea battle west of Tongyeong between the islands of Hansando, Hwado and Mireukdo, Korean troops led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin defeated the Japanese invaders on August 14, 1592. But after numerous naval battles, the Joseon Empire's navy threatened defeat. Thereupon King Seonjo ( 선조 ) appointed Admiral Yi Sun-shin in August 1593 as commander-in-chief of the three provinces, which meant that almost the entire navy of the empire was under him.
In order to strengthen the navy and secure food supplies, Yi had barracks farms built in Duryong-po and raised money for the war chest through fishing. He also had the “ 12 workshops ” set up, in which masters of various trades made war equipment. In these workshops equipment and objects for civil purposes and for agriculture were later produced. The local craftsmen quickly gained a good reputation throughout the country. Admiral Yi also earned a reputation for building the Geobukseon ships (turtle ships), which were appropriately armored and armed with cannons, a challenge for the enemy. With them, in an elaborate and tricky sea battle, he defended his country on September 15, 1597 with only 13 ships against an armada of around 130 Japanese ships and inflicted a serious defeat on the Japanese attackers. Admiral Yi fell in 1598 and in order to build on his successes, the royal court decided in 1604 to develop Duryong-po into a naval headquarters.
In the workshops, the production of everyday objects and tribute gifts to the king developed and thus promoted the trade and industry of the port. The proximity to Japan by sea also contributed to the prosperity of the city. Shipbuilding, not just for military purposes, also developed and maritime trade increased. Tongyeong became the commercial center of Gyeongsang-do Province and by the end of the 19th century the population had doubled in a period of a century. The city's population density at that time was higher than that of Seoul .
When the naval headquarters were closed in 1895 as part of the Gabo reforms and with it the “ 12 workshops ”, many master craftsmen left the city. As a result, the city suffered an economic slump and lost its importance for the country and its region.
The city gained importance again at the beginning of the Korean War (1950-1953) when North Korean troops took the city in order to attack the cities of Masan and Busan from there. However, South Korean naval units retook the city in an amphibious landing operation in August 1950, a month before the US entered the war.
After the end of the Korean War, the city also regained its reputation as a city of handicrafts. Indicative of this was that in the '60s furniture with inlaid of mother of pearl and dressers were popular nationwide for writing utensils from Tongyeong. They formed an important source of income for over 1000 residents of the city. However, with the modernization of the country, this handicraft branch initially lost its importance, but has recently experienced a small renaissance thanks to art collectors from all over the world . In order to revive the culture of the “ 12 workshops ”, the city started the “ Craft 12 ” project in 2008, which aims to promote the old handicrafts and bring them back to life.
The city today
Administrative structure
At the beginning of the annexation of Korea by Japan , Yongnam-gun and Geoje-gun were combined to form Tongyeong-gun County in 1914. Chunwon-myeon was promoted to the rural community of Tongyeong-myeon and in 1931 to the small town of Tongyeong-eup. In 1952, Geoje-gun was separated from Tongyeong-gun County and divided into six rural parishes (myeon) in 1953 and 1955, Tongyeong-eup being separated from Tongyeong-gun in 1955 and renamed Chungmu-si to the city (Si ) was upgraded with 20 districts (dongs). In 1984 the city was renamed Tongyeong-si, its current name. In May 1995, January 1998 and August 1999 the districts were gradually merged from the original 20 to the current eight. The last change in the administrative structure was made in December 2010. Today Tongyeong is divided into a Si , an Eup , six Myeon and eight Dong and numerous Ri :
- Eup: Sangyang-eup,
- Myon: Dosan-myeon, Gwangdo-myeon, Hansan-myeon, Saryang-myeon Yokji-myeon, Yongnam-myeon
- Dong: Bongpyeong-dong, Docheon-dong, Inpyeong-dong, Jungang-dong, Misu-dong, Munhwa-dong, Myeongjeong-dong, Pyeongrim-dong
economy
Fishing and fish farming represent one of the most important sources of income for the residents of Tongyeong. The main trading point for this is the Jungang Market . The port city is particularly known for its oyster farming , which began in the 1960s and the sea squirt farming that followed in the 1970s. Both account for 70% of the nation's production. Around the island Yokjido around are sea bream , rock fish, grouper , mackerel grown and on the island Daemaemuldo reap Haenyeo -Taucherinnen abalone , sea urchins , oysters and turban snails .
The arts and crafts are another source of income for the residents, albeit with far less importance than fishing and fish farming. The city of Tongyeong is currently trying to strengthen the arts and crafts sector by launching the “ Craft 12 ” project in 2008, based on the culture of the “ 12 workshops ”.
Tourism has been playing a more important role for some time, as the mild climate, the imposing coast and the harbor district with the sea delicacies in the numerous restaurants invite many tourists to linger. The city has therefore also been nicknamed " Naples of the East " in reference to Naples in Italy .
Arts and Culture
The residents of Tongyeong claim that their city is a city of art and culture. The fact is that well-known artists and cultural workers were born and raised in the city and have left their artistic traces in the city. It is interesting that the most famous cultural workers got their names during the time when Korea was part of the Japanese Empire through annexation . Influenced by the modern Japanese artists of the time and by Western thinking that came to Japan, they contributed to the critical examination of Japanese imperialism and supremacy, but also of their own culture in their country.
Some of them were honored posthumously, for example by building the city's concert hall in memory of the composer Yun I-sang ( 윤이상 ), where annual music festivals of international standing are held. The city's literary museum, Cheongma, was built as another example to commemorate the poet Yu Chi-hwan ( 유치환 ), an exhibition hall was created in honor of the poet Kim Chun-su ( 김춘수 ), a memorial hall in memory of the writer Pak Kyong- ni ( 박경리 ) and the art museum is dedicated to the painter Jeon Hyuk-lim ( 전 흏림 ).
A district of cultural importance is now Dongpirang ( 동비 랑 ). If, according to the will of the city government, this should be razed to the ground in 2007 and turned into a park, after the work of the Secretary General of the organization Green Tongyeon 21 for the preservation of the quarter, a student and young artist-influenced quarter could develop. The old, closely spaced small houses are now used as workshops and studios. In order to give the district its own character according to its use, the narrow streets were decorated by the residents with wall paintings, which has led to the fact that the Dongpirang has become a magnet for tourists today.
Attractions
- In the bay are replicas of a geobukseon (turtle ship) and a panokseon with a command tower,
- Mount Mireuk-san, which flanks the city to the south and on the slopes of which is the Yonghwa-san temple,
- Mirae-sa temple, on the southern slope of Mount Mireuk-sa,
- Changnyang Shrine, built in 1599,
- The Chungnyeol Shrine, built in 1606, on which Admiral Yi Sun-shin is commemorated annually on August 28,
- The Sebyeonggwan Hall, it was one of the main buildings of the Naval Headquarters,
- Hallyeohaesang National Park , opened in 1968 as the first marine national park in South Korea
City personalities
- Yu Chi-jin ( 유치진 ) (1905–1974), playwright
- Yu Chi-hwan ( 유치환 ) (1908–1967), poet
- Jeon Hyuk-lim ( 전 흏림 ) (1916-2010), painter
- Yun I-sang ( 윤이상 ) (1917–1995), composer
- Kim Yong-ik ( 김용익 ) (1920–1995), writer
- Kim Chun-su ( 김춘수 ) (1922–2004), poet
- Pak Kyong-ni ( 박경리 ) (1926–2008), writer
- Kim Min-jae (* 1996), soccer player
literature
- Han Kyung-koo : The Unexpected Charms of Tongyeong . In: The Korea Foundation (Ed.): Koreana - Korean Art and Culture . Volume 10, No. 3, autumn. Seoul 2015, p. 4-9 .
- Kang Je-yoon : Nourished by the sea in the shelter of the islands . In: The Korea Foundation (Ed.): Koreana - Korean Art and Culture . Volume 10, No. 3, autumn. Seoul 2015, p. 10-17 .
- Lee Chang-guy : City of artists who dreamed of freedom . In: The Korea Foundation (Ed.): Koreana - Korean Art and Culture . Volume 10, No. 3, autumn. Seoul 2015, p. 18-23 .
- Lee Kil-woo : traditional crafts revived in a new style . In: The Korea Foundation (Ed.): Koreana - Korean Art and Culture . Volume 10, No. 3, autumn. Seoul 2015, p. 24-29 .
- Song Young-man : Delightful harbor district with tempting sea delicacies . In: The Korea Foundation (Ed.): Koreana - Korean Art and Culture . Volume 10, No. 3, autumn. Seoul 2015, p. 30-33 .
Web links
- Homepage . TongYeong City,accessed November 4, 2015.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Han : The Unexpected Charms of Tongyeong . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 5 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Han : The Unexpected Charms of Tongyeong . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 6 .
- ↑ a b c d e About Tongyeong - History . TongYeong City , accessed May 20, 2019 .
- ↑ About Tongyeong - General Status . TongYeong City , accessed May 20, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Kang : In the protection of the islands, nourished by the sea . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 14 .
- ↑ About Tongyeong - Tourist Attractions - Beautiful Islands . TongYeong City , accessed May 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Song : Adorable harbor district with seductive sea delicacies . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 33 .
- ^ A b About Tongyeong - Natural Environment . TongYeong City , accessed May 20, 2019 .
- ^ A b Admiral Yi Sun-sin - A Korean Hero . KoreanHero.net , archived from the original on September 28, 2011 ; accessed on May 20, 2019 (English, original website no longer available).
- ↑ a b Lee Kil-woo : traditional craft revived in a new style . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 27 .
- ↑ a b Lee Kil-woo : traditional craft revived in a new style . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 29 .
- ↑ a b Kang : In the protection of the islands, nourished by the sea . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 12 .
- ↑ Kang : Nourished by the sea in the protection of the islands . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 15 .
- ↑ Song : Adorable harbor district with seductive sea delicacies . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 331 .
- ↑ a b Lee Chang-guy : City of artists who dreamed of freedom . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 19 .
- ↑ Lee Chang-guy : City of Artists who Dreamed of Freedom . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 19-21 .
- ↑ a b Lee Chang-guy : City of artists who dreamed of freedom . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 23 .
- ↑ a b Kang : In the protection of the islands, nourished by the sea . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 13 .
- ↑ a b Han : The Unexpected Charms of Tongyeong . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 8 .
- ^ Klaus A. Dietsch: Tongyeong . In: South Korea . 1st edition. Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-89794-244-8 , Der Südosten, p. 388 .
- ↑ Han : The Unexpected Charms of Tongyeong . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 9 .
Remarks
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↑
The number 12 means “ many ” in Korean vernacular . This means that the 12 workshops did not mean exactly 12, but many workshops.
Lee Kil-woo : traditional crafts revived in a new style . In: Koreana . 2015, p. 26 .