Uissigheim
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Uissigheim
City of Külsheim
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| Height : | 331 m |
| Residents : | 627 (Dec. 31, 2008) |
| Incorporation : | 1st December 1972 |
| Postal code : | 97900 |
| Area code : | 09345 |
 Uissigheim with a view of St. Laurentius
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Uissigheim [ˈʏsikʰhaim] (pronounced Üssigheim , in the Taubergründischen dialect Üssi ) is a village in the Main-Tauber district in Tauberfranken and has belonged to the city of Külsheim since the municipal reform of 1972 . Uissigheim was first mentioned in 1165 in a letter of protection from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa .
geography
Map with all coordinates of the residential areas in the Uissigheim district: OSM
Uissigheim lies on a border strip of the red sandstone of Spessart and Odenwald and at the edge of the limestone and red sandstone area. As remains of the shell limestone overlays, Kehrlich ( 370 m ), the Rindenberg ( 370 m ) and the Stahlberg ( 378 m ) protrude above the sandstone. The latter is mainly used as a vineyard. Viticulture has been documented here since 1711. The Linsenbach flows through the Uissigheim district and flows into the Tauber via the Maisenbach . The village of Uissigheim ( ⊙ ) and the Maisenbach settlement ( ⊙ ) belong to the district of the former municipality of Uissigheim .
history
origin of the name
The name is probably derived from the Ussenc or Ussinc clan who once settled here. The different spellings of the place name support this theory:
- 1165 Ussincheim
- 1192 villa Ussencheim
- 1220 Uessenkeim
- 1311 Ussigheim
- 1370 Uzsenkeim
- 1414 Ueßikem
- 1487 Uessigheim
- 1490 Ussigkein
- 1514 Ussickheim
- 1538 Ussigheim
- 1577 Uessigheim
- 1665 Uissigheim
Historical beginnings
A Frankish burial ground, which was discovered in 1943 in the "Elf Morgen" area, is dated to the 7th century AD. It probably comes from the first settlement in the Uissigheim district. Uissigheim belonged to the Tubrigowe ( Taubergau ) in the east Franconian part of Charlemagne's empire around 770 . After this division into Gaue, the Archdiocese of Mainz acquired sovereignty over Uissigheim, from 1223 the nearby Bronnbach Monastery had the first manorial and documented rights in Uissigheim. The most important landlords until their extinction in 1546 were the knights of Uissigheim , who probably came from the development of the Franconian knighthood. From 1275 they were called knights and as such were in the wake of the bishops of Mainz and Würzburg , the families of Wertheim , Rieneck , Zimmer and Hohenlohe . The Junkers of Uissigheim also took part in tournaments , for example in Würzburg in 1479 and in Heidelberg in 1481 . From 1405, their property fell to various other lords and junkers as well as to the Teutonic Order .
Peasants' War
In 1476, in the nearby Niklashausen, Hans Böhm , known as the Pauker , began to preach on religious, political and economic issues, which led to great unrest in the population of the entire region. Luther's often misunderstood pamphlets , failed harvests and the plague that raged in the Taubertal and the building land in 1514 also contributed to the tensions that erupted in the peasant war . As Zentdorf, Uissigheim was tied to Külsheim, which was a member of the so-called Neunstädtebund . This had joined the Odenwälder heap of farmers, who in turn joined the Hellen Haufen , which was led by Götz von Berlichingen and Georg Metzler . On May 14th and 15th, 1525, the attack of the peasants on the Marienberg Fortress in Würzburg was violently repulsed.
Thirty Years' War
During the Thirty Years' War , the population had to provide Tilly's troops with food, even though they could not prevent the conquest of the Archdiocese of Mainz. There was also mistreatment, rape and murder here. The foreign troops also brought in diseases; In 1636 the plague took its toll again. The castle of the former lords of Uissigheim was probably "burned and ruined" by Swedes or French in 1644.
Revolutionary Wars (1789–1797) and Wars of Liberation (1801–1815)
During the revolutionary wars and the wars of liberation , the village had to provide food and accommodation for the soldiers again and again, and pretensioning services were also required. The suffering of the population always remained the same, only the troops changed: Imperial, Bavarian, French, Saxon and Royal Prussian military fed in the village. In the course of the later division of the lands into offices by the Mainz government, Uissigheim came to the office of Külsheim. In 1803 Uissigheim came to the Principality of Leiningen through the dissolution of the Mainz Electoral State; from 1806 Uissigheim belonged to the Grand Duchy of Baden until its end . After the dissolution of the Külsheim district on December 23, 1813, Uissigheim was part of the Tauberbischofsheim district.
Revolution 1848/49
During the revolution of 1848/49 Prussian troops were quartered in the village. On September 8th , during the feast of the birth of the Virgin Mary, because of a maid from abroad, there were fights between the men from Uissigheim and the soldiers, during which the soldiers were so beaten that they left "on all fours". As a result of this incident, the mayor at the time, Josef Arnold, was accused of not having adequately instructed the youth on how to behave correctly towards soldiers. He was sentenced to death by shooting, even though he was not in town on that day, but on a pilgrimage. In front of the firing squad in the middle of the village, Arnold tore his clothes and shouted: Shoot me in there, even if I'm innocent, because I wasn't home on the day of the argument! which made such an impression on the commander in chief that he resigned the firing squad.
After the failure of the revolution, a citizen of Uissigheim was "prosecuted under martial law".
Fratricidal War (1866) and Franco-German War (1870/71)
The Baden troops allied with Austria fought with Oldenburgers in the fratricidal war near Hundheim and in the Taubertal. In order to be able to care for the many injured, school halls and council rooms had to be provided as a hospital in Uissigheim. Since the people in the village could no longer feed the soldiers who were passing through, they had to bring in a lot of food from outside, so that the community went into debt. This continued in the Franco-German War .
National Socialism
Election results of the Reichstag elections
| date | Eligible voters | Voters (in%) | Center (in%) | NSDAP (in%) | SPD (in%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 31, 1932 | 428 | 377 | 88.08% | 356 | 94.43% | 16 | 4.24% | 4th | 1.06% |
| November 6, 1932 | 428 | 340 | 79.44% | 308 | 90.59% | 21st | 6.18% | 2 | 0.59% |
| March 5, 1933 | 427 | 378 | 88.52% | 277 | 73.28% | 84 | 22.22% | 1 | 0.26% |
Source: Figures from the official announcements in the corresponding annual volumes of the Tauber-Zeitung and the Tauber- und Frankenbote as well as information from the State Statistical Office.
Arrest of the pastor Johann Ebel
On Easter Monday, April 17, 1933, Johann Ebel was taken into “ protective custody ” and taken to the Tauberbischofsheim official prison. Ebel, who comes from Osterburken , had been a pastor in Uissigheim since 1929 and made no secret of his negative attitude towards National Socialism , especially not in his sermons, which were recorded by Nazi party members. He was described by them as a Nazi eater , as well as one of the clergymen in the center, as they walk around in large numbers in the Baden region and have been raging against the awakening Germany in the most irresponsible manner for year and day, thus bringing the conflict into the German people and more every day deepen. (…) God sD, however, today there are ways and means to be able to put an end to the craft of spiritual gentlemen like Pastor Ebel von Uissigheim! In the transcript of the protocol for the arrest of Johann Ebel from May 10, 1933, there is an addition from 1945. It says: When the Americans arrived here on Holy Saturday 1945, they asked Mayor Knebel about the local National Socialists. The answer was: "There are none here".
Incorporation
On December 1, 1972, Uissigheim was incorporated into Külsheim.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1790 | 650 |
| 1845 | 716 |
| 1847 | 730 |
| 1852 | 731 |
| 1863 | 726 |
| 1870 | 710 |
| 1880 | 766 |
| 1885 | 747 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1890 | 721 |
| 1895 | 705 |
| 1900 | 696 |
| 1905 | 698 |
| 1925 | 701 |
| 1961 | 716 |
| 1970 | 721 |
| 2008 | 627 |
In 1926 the population was 100% Catholic. At that time there were two bakers, a butcher, three landlords, two merchants, two tailors, two shoemakers, two joiners, two carpenters, two bricklayers, three tünchner, a locksmith, a blacksmith and two wagons in the village, but all of them in the village As a secondary occupation, farmers were, like the rest of the population, their main occupation. Around 1870 there were also eight to nine linen weavers who also processed flax and hemp from neighboring villages in their spinning rooms.
coat of arms
Blazon : a red heart in silver. The heart in today's coat of arms was derived probably from the crest in the arms of Uissigheimer gentlemen from. There were two goosenecks with their heads pointing away from the helmet, so that, together with the helmet, they roughly formed the shape of a heart. The coat of arms of the Uissigheim gentlemen itself was a shield that was divided horizontally and lengthways, with alternating red and white (silver) rectangular fields at the top and bottom. Other genders in the region have the same coat of arms .
The seal attached to a power of attorney form for community homage dated August 14, 1811 shows the heart with the inscription “S. OF. COURT IN VSSIKHEIM “(= seal of the court in Uissigheim) and was still used in 1879 to certify pledges. After 1879, the heart also appears in the crowned shield of the community's color stamp. The oval and round color stamps that were used after 1873 bear the inscription "GEMEINDEVERWALTUNG" or "GEMEINDE UISSIGHEIM". In 1901, the seal of the community of Uissigheim was objected to because of the crown in the course of a review of the coats of arms of all communities in the Tauberbischofsheim district . On April 2, 1902, the municipal council approved the redesign of the coat of arms through a better representation of the coat of arms and the definition of the coat of arms colors, which remind of the former membership of the Electorate of Mainz.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture
Agriculture used to be of great importance in Uissigheim. In 1911 there were 732 hectares of arable land, 53 hectares of meadows, 4 hectares of vineyards and 245 hectares of forest. In 1926, of the 1,115 hectares in the district, 365 hectares were arable land, 110 hectares were meadows, 2 hectares were vineyards and 280 hectares were forest. Already at that time, the use of the land for arable farming was declining. Hutungen and wasteland were then only spread over a few hectares; In contrast, spelled was still being grown at that time: in 1911 it was 150 ha, in 1926 it was still 82 ha. The reason for the decline in cultivation of this grain, which as green spelled is a specialty of building countries, is the expansion of winter wheat cultivation and the decline in interest in green spelled. In 1926, around 3,350 fruit trees were recorded.
The livestock numbers of the 157 farms in 1925 were given as follows: 1,640 chickens, 611 head of cattle, 319 pigs, 131 geese, 41 goats, 37 rabbits and 31 horses. Only 15 years earlier, only 14 of the latter were in the village; the strong increase can be explained by military horse auctions at the end of the First World War. The farms did most of the work on their own; In 1926 only 16 servants, maidservants and permanent day laborers were recorded. Larger machines such as threshing machines and wind sweeps were bought and used jointly by many farmers because they were too expensive for a single farm.
In 1903 a cooperative dairy with 36 members was founded in Uissigheim; In 1926 it had over 100 members and processed between 140,000 and 170,000 liters of milk annually. Their butter was awarded a 2nd prize at the major German agricultural exhibition in Stuttgart in 1925.
traffic
Culture and sights
Buildings and monuments
Parish Church of St. Laurentius
The Uissigheim parish church of St. Laurentius dates from 1847.
Way of the Cross to the Stahlberg Chapel
From 1867 to 1869, 14 stations of the cross and one advance station made of red sandstone were built on Stahlberg. They were created by the artist family Buscher from Gamburg.
In 1870 a red sandstone chapel was finally built at the end of the Way of the Cross.
View of the Stahlberg Chapel around 1910
Way of the Cross to the Stahlberg Chapel
Stahlberg Chapel
Interior view of the Stahlberg Chapel
Green spelled kiln
Above the sports field there are green kernels from 1890. They were used to dry the green kernels , i.e. the unripe spelled , and were restored in 1986. In 1926 there were still seven kilns in the village.
Regular events
- Annual cap evening and herring dinner on Mardi Gras
- VfR Youth Whitsun tournaments
- Village / Grünkern Festival
societies
There are the following clubs in Uissigheim:
- Altenwerk Uissigheim
- Farmers Association Uissigheim
- Cäcilienverein St. Laurentius (church choir), founded in 1885
- CDU local association Uissigheim
- Association of the VfR Uissigheim
- Women's community Uissigheim
- Uissigheim volunteer fire department
- Catholic rural youth movement Uissigheim
- Men's choir "Eintracht" Uissigheim 1876 e. V.
- Musikverein Uissigheim, founded in 1954
- Fruit, garden and cultural association, founded in 1906
- VfR Uissigheim e. V. - Football and popular sport, founded in 1946. In the 1993/94 season, VfR Uissigheim won the championship in the Odenwald regional football league .
Personalities
literature
- Florian Werr : History of the parish village of Uissigheim , self-published by the author, Tauberbischofsheim, 1910.
- Anton Sack: Uissigheim (No. 3 of the coat of arms and booklet series “Tauberland”), published for the Heimatfest on May 16, 1926, self-published by the community of Uissigheim, 1926.
- Helmuth Lauf and Otto Uihlein: Uissigheim as reflected in its 1200-year history . Self-published by the municipality of Uissigheim, 1966.
- Helmuth Lauf: Uissigheim in pictures . Festival committee of the local administration Uissigheim, 1991.
- Elmar Weiss, Irmtraut Edelmann, Helmuth Lauf (authors): History of the well town of Külsheim . Two volumes. City of Külsheim (ed.). Tauberbischofsheim, FN Druck 1992.
- Volume 1 . With contributions by Dieter Frank, Walter Dietz, Pastor Franz Gehrig , Herwig John, Fritz Krug.
- Volume 2 . With contributions from Pastor Gehrig, Herwig John, Günther Kuhn .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Norbert Becker, Bruno Götz, Joachim Kannenberg, Werner Schön: Vinothek der deutschen Weinberg-Lagen: Baden , Heyne, 1982
- ↑ Peter Riffenach: Black, red, gold also wafted in Külsheim . In: Wertheimer Zeitung of September 13, 2011
- ↑ a b Copy of the protocol for the arrest of Johann Ebel from May 10, 1933
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 480 .
- ^ City of Külsheim: Associations in Uissigheim . Online at www.kuelsheim.de. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
- ^ Fandom: Landesliga Odenwald . Online at daffs.fandom.com. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
Remarks
Literature used for the article, unless otherwise stated: Helmuth Lauf and Otto Uihlein: Uissigheim in the mirror of its 1200-year history , self-published by the community of Uissigheim, 1966; Florian Werr: History of the parish village Uissigheim , self-published by the author, Tauberbischofsheim, 1910 and Anton Sack: Uissigheim (No. 3 of the coat of arms and booklet series “Tauberland”), published for the local festival on May 16, 1926, self-published by the community of Uissigheim.
