Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Veerabhadran Ramanathan ( Tamil : வீரபத்ரன் இராமநாதன்; born November 24, 1944 in Madurai , India) is an Indian-American oceanographer and climate researcher .
He is Professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego and directs the Center for Clouds, Chemistry & Climate (C4). He assumed a central role in the research history of climate change , as he had already warned in the mid-1970s about the consequences of previously neglected greenhouse gases for the earth's atmosphere . His research on global warming and atmospheric brown clouds provides fundamental insights into the earth's climate.
research
In the mid-1970s, Ramanathan belonged to the small group of scientists who warned of neglected greenhouse gases in very low concentrations. In 1981 he described that the very strong greenhouse effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) alone would warm the earth's atmosphere by a whole degree by the year 2000 if emissions of this gas were not dramatically reduced. In a sensational work from 1985 he stated that no fewer than 30 trace gases act as greenhouse gases and that humans have already significantly increased the concentration of these gases and continue to do so. Taken together, the gases would have almost the same global warming potential as carbon dioxide , which was previously the focus of the considerations.
Ramanathan's knowledge was underpinned in the year of its publication by the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica . So atmospheric chemists were right in their warnings about the threat to the ozone layer. And politicians from outside the field could now also see how great the influence of trace gases in the smallest concentration can be on the atmosphere. If global warming from carbon dioxide alone was a threat, it was now clear that the core problem was much larger. International action was required. Two years later, in 1987, the Montreal Protocol decided to ban the manufacture of CFCs, and in 1988 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , or IPCC for short, was established.
Ramanathan has contributed to the exploration of the earth's atmosphere in several areas and also dealt with the planetary circulation . In recent years he has increasingly devoted himself to earth system science , especially with regard to anthropogenic warming and the associated feedback and danger thresholds of various tipping elements .
In 2017, together with his colleague Yangyang Xu from Texas A&M University, he redefined the categories of climate change, adding two more (over three degrees warming):
- Dangerous if the temperature rises above the target corridor of the Paris Climate Agreement ,
- Catastrophic when the temperature rises above three degrees as well
- Unknown when the temperature is above five degrees.
The article appeared in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Xu and Ramanathan calculate with a 50 percent probability that global warming will exceed the dangerous threshold within three decades, unless greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced. They defined reaching the catastrophic level with a five percent probability. This value may seem low, explained Ramanathan in an interview with the San Diego Union-Tribune : "But would you get on a plane if there was a five percent chance of it crashing?"
As Unknown a threat scenario described by scientists in which climate change is an existential threat to almost all Earthlings. At times it would be so hot that billions of people could only survive with the help of air conditioning and massive resettlements would be necessary.
At the end of 2018, together with Yangyang Xu and David G. Victor , he published a study in the journal Nature that came to the conclusion that the earth's climate system is overheating faster than previously feared. According to this study, the combination of three factors - increasing emissions, reduced air pollution and natural climate cycles - could cause a warming of 1.5 C to occur as early as 2030, not 2040.
Functions
In addition to his functions at the Scripps Institution of Ozeanograph and at the Center for Clouds, Chemistry & Climate (C4), he heads the research project Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) and the Project Surya , which distributes inexpensive solar cooking appliances in India and Kenya, thus contributing to reducing emissions want to achieve and scientifically monitor the effects. He also holds a UNESCO professorship at The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in New Delhi .
Publications (selection)
- Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications . In: Science . 190, 1975, pp. 50-51. bibcode : 1975Sci ... 190 ... 50R . doi : 10.1126 / science.190.4209.50 .
- with James A. Coakley: Relative contributions of H 2 0, CO 2 and 0 3 to the greenhouse effect . In: Geophys. Space Phys. , 16, 1978
- The Response of a Spectral General Circulation Model to Refinements in Radiative Processes . In: J. Atmos. Sci. . 40, 1983, pp. 605-630. bibcode : 1983JAtS ... 40..605R . doi : 10.1175 / 1520-0469 (1983) 040 <0605: TROASG> 2.0.CO; 2 .
- Observational determination of the greenhouse effect . In: Nature , 342, 1989, pp. 758-761
- Cloud-Radiative Forcing and Climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment . In: Science . 243, No. 4887, 1989, pp. 57-63. bibcode : 1989Sci ... 243 ... 57R . doi : 10.1126 / science.243.4887.57 . PMID 17780422 .
- with Paul J. Crutzen : Clouds, chemistry and climate. Springer, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-540-60433-2 .
- with Y. Feng: On avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system: Formidable challenges ahead . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . tape 105 , no. 38 , 23 September 2008, ISSN 0027-8424 , p. 14245-14250 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0803838105 .
- Why Black Carbon and Ozone Also Matter . In: Foreign Affairs , September / October 2009 (with Jessica Seddon Wallack)
- The Climate Threat We Can Beat . In: Foreign Affairs , May / June 2012 (together with David G. Victor and Charles F. Kennel )
- Kristina Pistone, Ian Eisenman, Veerabhadran Ramanathan: Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 111, No. 9, March 4, 2014, pp. 3322-3326. ISSN 0027-8424 . doi : 10.1073 / pnas.1318201111 .
Memberships
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- American Geophysical Union
- American Meteorological Society
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Pontifical Academy of Sciences (since 2004)
- National Academy of Sciences of the USA (since 2002)
- American Philosophical Society (since 2006)
- Academia Europaea (since 1996)
Awards (selection)
- 1995: Buys Ballot Medal from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences
- 1997: Volvo Environment Prize
- 2002: Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal from the American Meteorological Society
- 2009: Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement from the University of Southern California
- 2013: Champions of Earth Award of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
- 2015: BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award from Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
- 2018: Tang Prize for Sustainable Development
- Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Prize (Prize for Intangible Cultural Heritage, supported by the United Arab Emirates), cf. UNESCO awards
Web links
- Veerabhadran Ramanathan (UCSD), biography
- Veerabhadran Ramanathan , biography
- Testified before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform , United States House of Representatives
- Surya project
Individual evidence
- ^ Spencer Weart: The Discovery of Global Warming . Center of History at the American Institute of Physics , 2011. See aip.org
- ↑ Ramanathan, V., et al .: Trace Gas Trends and Their Potential Role in Climate Change . In: J. Geophysical Research 90, 1985, pp. 5547-5566.
- ↑ Will Steffen , Katherine Richardson , Johan Rockström , Sarah E. Cornell, Ingo Fetzer, Elena M. Bennett, Reinette Biggs , Stephen R. Carpenter, Wim de Vries , Cynthia A. de Wit, Carl Folke , Dieter Gerten, Jens Heinke, Georgina M. Mace , Linn M. Persson , Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Belinda Reyers , Sverker Sörlin: Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet . (PDF) In: Science . 347, No. 6223, February 2015. doi : 10.1126 / science.1259855 .
- ↑ a b Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists : Beyond “catastrophic” climate change , September 18, 2017
- ↑ Yangyang Xu, Veerabhadran Ramanathan, David G. Victor : Global warming will happen faster than we think . In: Nature . 564, 2018, pp. 30-32. doi : 10.1038 / d41586-018-07586-5 .
- ↑ Robert Monroe: UCSD Researchers: Where International Climate Policy Has Failed, Grassroots Efforts Can Succeed; Control of greenhouse agents other than CO2 needs to reach the local level, according to a new Foreign Affairs essay April 26, 2012, University of California, San Diego
- ^ Zayed International Prize for the Environment. In: zayedprize.org.ae. Retrieved June 18, 2018 .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Ramanathan, Veerabhadran |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | வீரபத்ரன் இராமநாதன் (Tamil) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Indian-American meteorologist and climatologist |
DATE OF BIRTH | November 24, 1944 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Madurai , India |