Folk nutrition (Austria)

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For people diet was in Austria from 1916 to 1923 and from 1945 to 1949, during and after the first and after the Second World War, a separate government department, sometimes a separate ministry responsible. These were times of shortage, in which official economic control was necessary in order to avoid famine , especially for the poorer sections of the population who did not have enough money for the black market .

history

1916 to 1945

The matter was considered so important in Austria-Hungary for the first time during the First World War that a separate organizational unit of the state administration was dedicated to it: On October 12, 1916, the kk food office was founded in the cisleithan Ministry of Stürgkh as a section of the interior ministry .

With the approval of Emperor I. Franz Joseph (eight days before his death as a 86-year-old), who also appointed the first President of the Office on 13 November 1916 was by decree of the total Ministry Stürgkh the Office of Food created that the prime minister was under and had to take over the relevant competencies of several ministries. The Imperial Ordinance of October 10, 1914, a provision anticipating the content of the War Economic Enabling Act of 1917 was invoked.

The Koerber II Ministry , which had succeeded the Stürgkh Ministry on October 31, 1916, decreed on November 30, 1916 that the Office for People's Nutrition should begin its work on December 1, 1916; on the same day the work of the food office in the Ministry of the Interior was to be stopped. At the same time the statute of the Office for People's Nutrition was issued.

From January 5, 1917 ( Clam-Martinic Ministry ), it became customary to appoint the head of the office to minister without portfolio, in accordance with the increased importance of the matter due to the war-related supply problems of the population and the extensive regulatory powers of the Office for People's Nutrition and thus to be integrated into the government of Cisleithania without formally creating a new specialist ministry; it was assumed that this state activity would no longer be needed in peacetime.

In the First Republic , initially in German-Austria , the office was carried on as the State Office for People's Nutrition until 1920 and renamed the Federal Ministry for  People's Nutrition (BMVE) on November 10, 1920, the day the Federal Constitution came into force . This existed until April 1923 ( Federal Government Seipel I ); in the meantime, the enormous post-war inflation had been curbed with foreign aid .

In 1923 the department was dissolved. The matters were on the Federal Ministry of Agriculture (products of agriculture), the Federal Ministry of Commerce (food industry and the trades), Federal Ministry of Social Administration (welfare) and the Ministry of the Interior ( Economic Police , price verification , external Ernährungsdienst split).

In the time of the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich all were under Reichsnährstandbehörden the Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture .

From 1945

After World War II , in turn, became a public office (= Ministry; provisional government Renner 1945 ), then in to 1949 officiating Federal Government Figl I , the Federal Ministry of Food created under the supervision of the four occupying powers should ensure the distribution of food. It worked primarily with the Ministry of Agriculture, which was responsible for production, together ( transition economy ).

In the Federal Government Figl II , in office from November 8, 1949 , the Federal Ministry for People's Nutrition no longer existed. The food was secured enough that the Ministry could be dissolved. The competencies were divided between the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

Today, the Minister of the Interior is only responsible for food issues in the event of a crisis, and since 1986 the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Ministry of Life , responsibility for food , 2013 Section III Agriculture and Food ).

An exception to this is food control , for which the Ministry of Health is responsible (2013 Section II Consumer Health and Health Prevention ); it has taken over the food-related competencies of the consumer protection ministry led by the Federal Chancellery from 1997–2000 .

The concrete work is carried out today by the Agency for Health and Food  Safety (AGES) , which was established in 2002 and which is assigned to the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Federal Office for Food Safety  (BAES), which works with it and which was set up as an authority under the Ministry of Agriculture in 2002 .

Managers

The state secretaries and federal ministers 1918–23 and 1945–49 are also considered to be the predecessors of the health ministers .

Further subordinate positions:

  • Undersecretaries of State after 1918:
  • Undersecretaries of State 1945 (Here politicians are listed who, as Undersecretaries of State in 1945, were auxiliary organs of the State Secretary with the rank of ministerial.):
  • Section heads for nutrition after 1949: (list incomplete)
    • Andrä Rupprechte , Head of Agriculture and Food Section 2002 - 2007 (afterwards EU Council Director for Rural Development, Minister of Agriculture from 2013)
    • Edith Klauser, Head of Section III Agriculture and Food since July 20, 2007 ( Gusenbauer / Pröll, Faymann / Berlakovich)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for the History of Rural Areas, Lower Austria Institute for Regional Studies (ed.): Agricultural policy in Germany, Austria and Switzerland 1930-1960 . International conference of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for the History of Rural Areas and the Lower Austrian Institute for Regional Studies (St. Pölten, May 5-8, 2004), conference folder. St. Pölten 2004 ( univie.ac.at/ruralhistory [PDF] with abstracts of the lectures and a detailed list of literature).
  2. ↑ RGBl. No. 383/1916 (p. 1124)
  3. ↑ a b Franz Joseph m. p .:  His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty ... have deigned to issue: Vienna, on November 13, 1916 . In:  Wiener Zeitung , official part , November 14, 1916, p. 1 (online at ANNO ). The Office for People's Nutrition . In: German power . 41st year, no.Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz
     92 . Cilli November 18, 1916, p. 2 , col. 2.3 ( dlib.si [PDF; 6.4 MB ; accessed on March 30, 2015] URN = NBN: SI: DOC-AMD7CQNP). Casimir Hermann Baer: The war of nations: a chronicle of the events since July 1, 1914 . tape
     21 . J. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, Zum k. k. Office for People's Food November 1916, p. 57 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search). John W. Boyer: Karl Lueger (1844–1910): Christian social politics as a profession . Volume 93 of Studies on Politics and Administration , ed. by Christian Brünner, Wolfgang Mantel, Manfried Welan . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-205-78366-4 , note 38, p.
     541 ( limited preview in Google Book search). refers BDFA, Volume 10, pp. 361, 398; Hans Loewenfeld-Russ: In the fight against hunger. From the memories of the State Secretary for People's Nutrition 1918–1920 . Ed. V. Isabella Ackerl . Vienna 1986, p.
     43–44 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ RGBl. No. 274/1914 (p. 1113)
  5. ↑ RGBl. No. 401/1916 (p. 1145), No. 402/1916 (p. 1146)
  6. ↑ Boyer: Karl Lueger . 2010, note 39, p. 541 ( limited preview in Google Book search). refers to Loewenfeld-Russ: The regulation of people's nutrition in war . 1926, p. 292-296 . ders .: In the fight against hunger . 1986, p. 57–102 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ Ulrich Kluge: Peasants, Agricultural Crisis and People's Nutrition in the European Interwar Period . Studies on the agricultural society and economy of the Republic of Austria 1918 to 1938. Verlag Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 1988, p. 978-3-515-04802-6 .
  8. ↑ § 13 Resolution of the Provisional National Assembly for German Austria of October 30, 1918 on the basic institutions of state power. StGBl. No. 1/1918
  9. ↑ Federal Act of July 20, 1922 on the closure of the Federal Ministry for People's Nutrition . Federal Law Gazette No. 527; in particular § 2 a – c and Z. 2 (alex online)
  10. ↑ Federal Act of July 25, 1946 on the management of the business of the highest federal administration , Federal Law Gazette No. 120/1946
  11. ↑ Petra Hasicka: The food supply under the Provisional Government in 1945. Thesis, University of Vienna, Vienna 2000
  12. ↑ a b Carina Grausenburger: "A full stomach ..." - The food supply in Vienna, but above all for Viennese children and adolescents in the years 1945–1953 . Diploma thesis University of Vienna. Vienna 2009, Chapter 3.1 The State Office and the Federal Ministry for People's Nutrition and 3.4 Things are looking up ... , p. 33 f. resp. 78 ff . ( othes.univie.ac.at [PDF]).
  13. ↑ Hans Frenzel: The daily bread, laws and regulations for the Austrian food industry. Vienna 1947
  14. ↑ § 2 Federal Law of December 16, 1949 on the Dissolution of Federal Ministries and the Reorganization of the Scope of Some Federal Ministries , Federal Law Gazette No. 24/1950
  15. ↑ Federal Act on the Number, Scope and Establishment of Federal Ministries (Federal Ministries Act 1986 - BMG) , Annex to Section 2 , Part 2, I.  Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management 1. and E. Federal Ministry of Health 4. StF: Federal Law Gazette No. 76/1986
  16. ↑ Federal Office for Food Safety, baes.gv.at
  17. ↑ Health and Food Safety Act (GESG), Federal Law Gazette I No. 63/2002 in the current version
  18. ↑ daily newspaper Wiener Zeitung , no. 4, 6 January 1917, Official Section, p.1
  19. ↑ daily newspaper Wiener Zeitung , no. 144, June 26, 1917, Official Section, page 2
  20. ^ A b Health ministers . sozdok.at; Retrieved July 29, 2016.
  21. ↑ Stenographic Protocols. First republic. Session 3. Index
  22. ↑ Curriculum VitaE Dipl.-Ing. Edith Klauser . ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 70 kB) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. oekosozial.at @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oekosozial.at