Vuorelainenite

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Vuorelainenite
General and classification
other names

IMA 1980-048

chemical formula
  • Mn 2+ V 3+ 2 O 4
  • (Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ ) (V 3+ , Cr 3+ ) 2 O 4
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Oxides and hydroxides
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		4.BB.05 ( 8th edition : IV / B.04)
02/07/04/01
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system cubic
Crystal class ; symbol cubic hexakisoctahedral; 4 / m  3  2 / m
Space group Fd 3 m (No. 227)Template: room group / 227
Lattice parameters a  = 8.48  Å
Formula units Z  = 8
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 6 to 6.5 ( VHN 50 = 900)
Density (g / cm 3 ) calculated: 4.64
Cleavage is missing
colour gray-black, in the light brownish-gray
Line color brown
transparency opaque
shine Metallic luster

Vuorelainenit is a very rarely occurring mineral from the group of spinels within the mineral class of "oxides and hydroxides" with the idealized chemical composition Mn 2+ V 3+ 2 O 4 and thus, chemically speaking, a manganese - vanadium - oxide .

Vuorelainenite crystallizes in the cubic crystal system , but has so far only been discovered in microcrystalline form as imperfect crystallites up to about 80  μm in size or granular to coarse aggregates along the grain boundaries of other minerals. The mineral is opaque and shows a metallic sheen on the surfaces of the gray-black grains, which also appear brownish- gray in the incident light microscope . The streak color of Vuorelainenit, however, is brown.

Vuorelainenite is the vanadium analogue of manganochromite (Mn 2+ Cr 3+ 2 O 4 ) and the manganese analogue of coulsonite . Vuorelainenit forms a mixed crystal row with manganochromite .

Etymology and history

The mineral was first discovered in 1963 by Yrjö Vuorelainen (1922–1988) in a polymetallic ore field near Outokumpu in eastern Finland , where it appeared together with the karelianite , which was also newly discovered there . However, it could only be described incompletely by him, JVP Long and Olavi Kouvo.

In another discovery in the Sätra iron ore mine , a pyrite- pyrrhotite deposit of the Fahlband type in the Doverstorp ore field near Finspång in Sweden, MA Zakrzewski, Ernst AJ Burke and WJ Lustenhouwer succeeded in fully analyzing the chemical composition and crystal structure of the mineral . The Sätra pit is therefore also regarded as its type locality . Zakrzewski, Burke and Lustenhouwer named the mineral Vuorelainenit in honor of its discoverer. The test results and the chosen name were submitted to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) for examination in 1980 (internal entry no. IMA 1980-048 ), which recognized vuorelainenite as an independent mineral species. The first description was published in 1982 in the scientific magazine The Canadian Mineralogist .

The type material of the mineral is in the Institute for Geosciences at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (German: Free University of Amsterdam ) in the Netherlands under the catalog no. 153A4 kept.

classification

The current classification of the IMA is one of the Vuorelainenit to spinel supergroup , where he together with chromite , Cochromit , Coulsonit , Cuprospinell , Franklinite , Gahnit , Galaxit , Hercynit , Jakobsit , Magnesiochromite , Magnesiocoulsonit , Magnesioferrit , magnetite , Manganochromit , spinel , Trevorit and Zincochromit forms the spinel subgroup within the Oxispinelle.

Already in the outdated, but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , vuorelainenite belonged to the mineral class of "oxides and hydroxides" and there to the department of "oxides with a metal: oxygen ratio = 3: 4 (spinel type M 3 O 4 and related Compounds) ", where together with brunogeierite , coulsonite, magnesiocoulsonite, qandilite , ulvöspinell the group of" V / Ti / Ge spinels "with the system no. IV / B.04 .

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the IMA, also classifies vuorelainenite in the oxides division with a substance ratio of "metal: oxygen = 3: 4 and comparable". This, however, is further divided according to the relative size of the participating cations , is so that the mineral according to its composition in the subdivision to find "With only medium-sized cations" where it along with Brunogeierit , chromite, Cochromit, Coulsonit, Cuprospinell, Filipstadit , Franklinite, Gahnite, galaxite, hercynite, jacobsite, magnesiochromite, magnesiocoulsonite, magnesioferrite, magnetite, manganochromite, nichromite (N), qandilite , spinel, trevorite, ulvöspinell and zincochromite the "spinel group" with the system no. 4.BB.05 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns vuorelainenite to the class of "oxides and hydroxides" and there in the section "multiple oxides". Here it is together with coulsonite and magnesiocoulsonite in the " vanadium subgroup " with system no. 07.02.04 can be found in the subsection “Multiple oxides (A + B 2+ ) 2 X 4 , spinel group”.

Chemism

The idealized, theoretical compound Mn 2+ V 3+ 2 O 4 consists of 24.88% by weight manganese (Mn), 46.14% by weight vanadium (V) and 28.98% by weight oxygen (O ). The analyzed samples from the type locality Sätra also contained a significant proportion of Cr 2 O 3 between 4.7 and 30.6%, which is due to the solid solution formation with manganochromite. In addition, minor foreign admixtures of titanium , aluminum , iron and zinc could be detected. On the basis of four oxygen atoms, the empirical formula is calculated as follows: (Mn 0.83 Fe 0.18 Zn 0.02 Mg 0.01 ) Σ = 1.04 (V 1.41 Cr 0.57 ) Σ = 1.98 O 4 .

The resulting idealized mixed formula is accordingly (Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ ) (V 3+ , Cr 3+ ) 2 O 4 , with the elements manganese and iron or vanadium and chromium in the formula each representing each other in the formula ( Substitution , diadochie) can, but always be in the same proportion to the other components of the mineral.

Crystal structure

Vuorelainenite crystallizes cubically in the spinel structure with the space group Fd 3 m (space group no. 227) , the lattice parameter a  = 8.48  Å and 8 formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 227

Education and Locations

Vuorelainenit forms in metamorphosed iron sulphide deposits , but is also found in quartzite - schists . As accompanying minerals may vary by locality, among others, pyrrhotite , rutile , Pyrophanit manganese, sphalerite , chalcopyrite , Alabandin , eskolaite , Karelianit , Schreyerit , Olkhonskit occur.

Vuorelainenite belongs to the very rare mineral formations and could therefore only be discovered in a few samples from less than 10 known sites (as of 2018). Its type locality, the Sätra iron ore mine, is the only known site in Sweden to date. In Finland, too, the mineral was found only in the Vihanti ore deposit in the Maakunta (landscape) of northern Ostrobothnia, apart from its first location, the polymetallic ore field near Outokumpu .

Other well-known sites are the Coustou mine in the municipality of vielle Aure in the Vallée d'Aure in the French department of Hautes-Pyrénées, the Komatsu mines near Hannō on Honshū and Kurase near Saijō on Shikoku in Japan and the mountain Kaskasnjuntschorr (Каскаснjuntschorr, English Kaskasnyunchororr ) in the Chibinen on the Kola Peninsula and at the Olkhon Gorge (English Ol'khonskiye Vorota ) near Lake Baikal in Irkutsk Oblast in Russia.

See also

literature

  • MA Zakrzewski, EAJ Burke, WJ Lustenhouwer: Vuorelainenite, a new spinel, and associated minerals from the Sätra (Doverstorp) pyrite deposit, central Sweden . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 20 , no. 2 , 1982, p. 281-290 .
  • Pete J. Dunn, Michael Fleischer, Roger G. Burns, Adolf Pabst: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 68 , no. 3–4 , pp. 471–475 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 632 kB ; accessed on September 6, 2018]).
  • Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason , Abraham Rosenzweig: Dana's New Mineralogy . 8th edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York (et al.) 1997, ISBN 0-471-19310-0 , pp. 303 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; March 2018 (PDF 1.65 MB)
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  189 (English).
  3. ↑ a b c d Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Vuorelainenite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 67  kB ; accessed on September 5, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Webmineral - Vuorelainenit (English)
  6. ^ A b Pete J. Dunn, Michael Fleischer, Roger G. Burns, Adolf Pabst: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 68 , no. 3–4 , pp. 471–475 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 632 kB ; accessed on September 6, 2018]).
  7. ↑ JVP Long, Yrjö Vuorelainen, Olavi Kouvo: Karelianite, a new vanadium mineral . In: American Mineralogist . tape 48 , no. 1-2 , 1963, pp. 33–41 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 584 kB ; accessed on September 6, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Cristian Biagioni, Marco Pasero: The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview . In: American Mineralogist . tape 99 , no. 7 , 2014, p. 1254–1264 , doi : 10.2138 / am.2014.4816 (English, preliminary version online [PDF]).
  9. ↑ Find location list for Vuorelainenit at the Mineralienatlas and at Mindat