Ulvöspinell

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Ulvöspinell
Ulvöspinel-522694.jpg
Thin section sample of moon rocks from the "Ocean of Storms" (landing position of the Apollo 12 mission) with an Ulvöspinell crystal as a segregation product from ilmenite
General and classification
other names
  • Ulvit
  • Titanium spinel
chemical formula Fe 2+ 2 Ti 4+ O 4
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Oxides and hydroxides
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		4.BB.05 ( 8th edition : IV / B.04)
02/07/05/02
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system cubic
Crystal class ; symbol cubic hexakisoctahedral; 4 / m  3  2 / m
Space group Fd 3 m (No. 227)Template: room group / 227
Lattice parameters a  = 8.51  Å
Formula units Z  = 8
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 5.5 to 6 ( VHN ≈ 650)
Density (g / cm 3 ) calculated: 4.78
Cleavage is missing
colour black, brown to reddish brown in incident light
Line color not defined
transparency opaque
shine Metallic luster

Ulvöspinell , as Ulvit or Titanspinell known, is a rarely occurring minerals from the mineral class of "oxides and hydroxides" with the idealized chemical composition of Fe 2+ 2 Ti 4+ O 4 and thus chemically seen a iron - titanium - oxide . Structurally, however, Ulvöspinell belongs to the group of spinels . According to the general notation for spinels (AB 2 X 4 ), the formula for Ulvöspinell can also be given as Ti 4+ Fe 2+ 2 O 4 .

Ulvöspinell crystallizes in the cubic crystal system , but only rarely develops skeletal crystals up to about 2 cm in size that are visible to the naked eye and with a black, metallic, shiny color. It is mostly found in the form of the finest grains or segregation “networks” in titanomagnetite or ilmenite . These Ulvöspinell mixtures in magnetite were also called Mogensenite according to Buddington .

Etymology and history

Ulvöspinell was first discovered in the pit Grundhamn on the island Södra Ulvön in the Swedish municipality of Örnsköldsvik (Västernorrland). It was first described in 1946 by Fredrik Mogensen , who named the mineral after its type locality .

Ulvöspinell was already known before the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) was founded in 1958 and the mineral was mostly recognized by experts. As a so-called grandfathered mineral (G), recognition as an independent mineral type was adopted by the Commission on new Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC).

A storage location for the Ulvöspinell type material has not been defined.

classification

The current classification of the IMA is one of the Ulvöspinell to spinel supergroup , where he together with Ahrensit , Brunogeierit , Filipstadit , Qandilit and ringwoodite forms named after him Ulvöspinell subgroup within the Oxispinelle.

Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Ulvöspinell belonged to the mineral class of "oxides and hydroxides" and there to the department of "oxides with a metal: oxygen ratio = 3: 4 (spinel type M 3 O 4 and related compounds) ”, where together with brunogeierite, coulsonite , magnesiocoulsonite , qandilite and vuorelainenite the group of“ V / Ti / Ge spinels ”with the system no. IV / B.04 .

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in force since 2001 and is used by the IMA, also classifies Ulvöspinell in the oxides division with a substance ratio of “metal: oxygen = 3: 4 and comparable”. This is, however, further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved , so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the subsection "With only medium-sized cations", where it can be found together with brunogeierite, cochromite , coulsonite , cuprospinell , chromite , filipstadite, franklinite , Gahnite , galaxite , hercynite , jacobsite , magnesiochromite , magnesiocoulsonite , magnesioferrite , magnetite , manganochromite , nichromite (N), qandilite, spinel , trevorite , vuorelainenite and zincochromite the "spinel group" with the system no. 4.BB.05 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns Ulvöspinell to the class of "oxides and hydroxides" and there in the department of "multiple oxides". Here it is together with Qandilit in the " titanium subgroup " with system no. 07.02.13 to be found in the subsection "Multiple oxides (A + B 2+ ) 2 X 4 , spinel group".

Chemism

The idealized, theoretical compound Fe 2 TiO 4 consists of 21.42% titanium (Ti), 49.96% iron (Fe) and 28.63% oxygen (O) in the form of 35.73% TiO 2 and 64.27 % FeO .

Due to the formation of mixed crystals between Ulvöspinell and magnetite (Fe 2+ Fe 3+ 2 O 4 ), the above 600 ° C is completely natural Ulvöspinelle usually contain an excess of iron, of the titanium in the formula represents . In Canadian mineral samples, foreign admixtures of magnesium (1.8% MgO), aluminum (1.4% Al 2 O 3 ), manganese (0.7% MnO), calcium (0.3% CaO) and vanadium (0, 2% V 2 O 3 ) can be detected.

Crystal structure

Ulvöspinell crystallizes cubically in the space group Fd 3 m (space group no. 227) with the lattice parameter a  = 8.51  Å and 8 formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 227

Education and Locations

Olivine - nephelinite with oxykinoshitalite (yellow arrow), ulvöspinell, augite, calcite and apatite from Fernando de Noronha , Brazil (size 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm)

Ulvöspinell usually forms as a component of titanium-containing magnetite iron ore deposits such as at its type locality Södra Ulvön (Västernorrland, Ångermanland) and at Taberg near Månsarp ( Jönköping municipality ) in the Swedish province of Jönköpings.

As a rare mineral formation, Ulvöspinell is only known from a few localities, although less than 90 localities have been documented so far (as of 2018).

In Germany, Ulvöspinell was found in the form of small crystals and associated with solid iron in the basalts near Bühl near Kassel in Hesse. Furthermore, the mineral occurred in the basalt quarries on Ettringer Bellerberg in the district of Mayen-Koblenz and on the Rother Kopf near Gerolstein in the district of Vulkaneifel in Rhineland-Palatinate and on Löbauer Berg in the district of Görlitz in Saxony.

In Botswana Ulvöspinell was with Freudenbergit , ilmenite and 2,012 newly discovered mineral Kudryavtsevait in the AK-8 - kimberlites at Orapa discovered in the Central District. Other finds in kimberlite are known from the Ondermatjie chimney near Pofadder and the De Beers diamond mine near Kimberley in South Africa.

As a side effect, Ulvöspinell could be detected partly in pure form, but also in mixed crystals with chromite in the basaltic rock samples from the moon , the various Apollo missions and the Luna mission 24 from the Descartes and Fra Mauro craters , the Taurus-Littrow valley as well who brought with them Maren Crisium , Tranquillitatis and Oceanus Procellarum . The mineral is also known as a component of various lunar and Martian meteorites such as Northwest Africa (NWA) 856, 2046, 3171, 4590 and others (found in Morocco , Algeria and Mauritania ); LaPaz Icefield 02205 , Allan Hills A77005 , Elephant Moraine A79001 and Queen Alexandra Range 94201 (found in East Antarctica ); D'Orbigny (found in the Province of Buenos Aires , Argentina); Ibitira (locality Minas Gerais , Brazil); Piplia Kalan (found in Rajasthan , India); Dar Al Gani 319 (location Al Jufrah , Libya) as well as Dhofar 287 and Dhofar 925 (location Oman ).

Other locations include Australia, China, Denmark, Finland, Canada, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, the Czech Republic and the United States of America (USA). Depending on the location, in addition to those already mentioned, apatite , biotite , chalcopyrite , cohenite , graphite , olivine , plagioclase , pyroxene , pyrrhotite , troilite can occur as accompanying minerals .


See also

literature

  • Fredrik Mogensen: A ferro-ortho-titanate ore from Södra Ulvön . In: Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar . tape 68 , no. 4 , 1946, pp. 578-587 , doi : 10.1080 / 11035894609446484 (English).
  • Paul Ramdohr : Ulvöspinel and its significance in titaniferous iron ores . In: Economic Geology . tape 48 , 1953, pp. 677-688 (English).
  • Mavis Z. Stout, Peter Bayliss: Crystal structure of a natural titanomagnetite . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 13 , 1975, p. 86–88 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 264 kB ; accessed on September 22, 2018]).
  • Mavis Z. Stout, Peter Bayliss: Crystal structure of two ferrian ulvöspinels from British Columbia . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 18 , no. 3 , 1980, p. 339–341 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 225 kB ; accessed on September 22, 2018]).
  • Ferdinando Bosi, Ulf Hålenius, Henrik Skogby: Crystal chemistry of the magnetite-ulvöspinel series . In: American Mineralogist . tape 94 , 2009, p. 181–189 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 1.7 MB ; accessed on September 20, 2018]).
  • Takamitsu Yamanaka, Atsushi Kyono, Yuki Nakamoto, Yue Meng, Svetlana Kharlamova, Victor V. Struzhkin, Ho-kwang Mao: High-pressure phase transitions of Fe 3-x Ti x O 4 solid solution up to 60 GPa correlated with electronic spin transition . In: American Mineralogist . tape 98 , no. 4 , 2013, p. 736–744 , doi : 10.2138 / am.2013.4182 (English, accessed via De Gruyter Online).

Web links

Commons : Ulvöspinel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p.  388 .
  2. ↑ Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p.  378 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  189 .
  4. ↑ a b c Stefan Weiss: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Ulvöspinel . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 109  kB ; accessed on September 20, 2018]).
  6. ^ Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmanns textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp.  507 (first edition: 1891).
  7. ↑ Paul Ramdohr : The relationships of Fe-Ti ores from igneous rocks . In: Bulletin de la Commission Géologieque de Finlande . tape  173 , 1956, pp. 9 ( gtk.fi [PDF; 18.2 MB ; accessed on September 22, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Fredrik Mogensen: A ferro-ortho-titanate ore from Södra Ulvön . In: Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar . tape 68 , no. 4 , 1946, pp. 578-587 , doi : 10.1080 / 11035894609446484 (English).
  9. ^ IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; March 2018 (PDF 1.65 MB)
  10. ↑ Cristian Biagioni, Marco Pasero: The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview . In: American Mineralogist . tape 99 , no. 7 , 2014, p. 1254–1264 , doi : 10.2138 / am.2014.4816 (English, preliminary version online [PDF]).
  11. ↑ Webmineral - Ulvöspinel (English)
  12. ↑ a b c Helmut Schrätze , Karl-Ludwig Weiner : Mineralogie. A textbook on a systematic basis . de Gruyter, Berlin; New York 1981, ISBN 3-11-006823-0 , pp.  381 .
  13. ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for Ulvöspinell
  14. ↑ a b c d List of localities for Ulvöspinell in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat