Water lobelia

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Water lobelia
Water lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna)

Water lobelia ( Lobelia dortmanna )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Subfamily : Lobelioideae
Genre : Lobelia ( Lobelia )
Type : Water lobelia
Scientific name
Lobelia dortmanna
L.

The water lobelia ( Lobelia dortmanna ) is a species of plant that belongs to the genus of the lobelia ( Lobelia ) in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae).

Description and ecology

Habit of a young specimen with roots and leaves
Inflorescence with a zygomorphic flower
Illustration from Billeder af Nordens flora , 1901
Habitus in the habitat

Habit and leaves

The water lobelia is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 40 to 70, rarely up to 200 centimeters. This hemicryptophyte is a water plant (hydrophyte), the leaves of which grow submerged, but the inflorescence is above the water level. The roots anchor the plant in the water bed. The submerged, in a basal rosette leaves are entire, linear, blunt, thick and are up to 8 centimeters long. The leaf margins often bend together, creating a "tubular leaf". There are only a few alternate, thin, tiny leaves on the hollow, smooth stem , especially in the area of ​​the flowers.

Inflorescence, flowers and fruits

The racemose inflorescence contains two to eight, rarely up to twelve flowers. The zygomorphic flower is zygomorphic with a length of 1 to 2 centimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five green sepals are fused tubular. The five pale blue or white petals are fused tubular. The crown, tubular in the lower part, is two-lipped with a two-lobed upper lip and a three-lobed lower lip. The five stamens are fused. The pollination is done by insects and it is Proterandrie ago.

The bilobed capsule fruit has a length of 5 to 10 millimeters and a diameter of 3 to 5 millimeters and contains many tiny (less than 1 millimeter) seeds.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence and endangerment

The water lobelia is widespread in northern North America and northwestern Europe . There are localities in North America in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick , Newfoundland , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island, Quebec , British Columbia , Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in the US states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Connecticut , Maine , Massachusetts , Michigan , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Vermont , Oregon , Washington and Maryland . In Europe, it occurs in the Faroe Islands , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Ireland , Denmark , Finland , Norway , Sweden , France , Belgium , Germany , Poland , Estonia , Latvia and northeastern Russia .

The water lobelia grows in moderately acidic ( pH 4.4–6.5), nutrient-poor, stagnant water . It inhabits shallow banks at depths of up to 30 centimeters. This hemicryptophyte occurs mostly in populations with a large number of individuals at their locations . It is a semi-light plant , a moderate heat and changing water pointer. Lobelia dortmanna is considered an association character of the Isoeto-Lobelietum from the Lobelion Association.

In the 20th century, this plant species lost numerous previously known locations due to hydraulic engineering. In Germany it is one of the species threatened with extinction and is strictly protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV).

Taxonomy and Botanical History

This type of plant was apparently discovered by the pharmacist Dortmann von Groningen in the Netherlands. He sent the plant specimens to Carolus Clusius around 1600 , who gave it the name Gladiolus stagnalis dortmanni . Olof Rudbeck the Elder and his son Olof Rudbeck the Younger named them in their work Campi Elysii liber secundus , Upsala 1701 as Dortmanna lacustris . Because of the great fire in Uppsala on May 16, 1702, this work was never fully published. Carl von Linné , who was a student of Olof Rudbeck the Younger, took over the generic name and immortalized it with the name Lobelia Dortmanna in 1753 in Volume 2 of Species Plantarum . The lectotype (LINN-1051.1) was established in 1936 by McVaugh in Rhodora , volume 38, p. 358.

ingredients

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The water lobelia may contain the poisonous alkaloid lobeline .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  899 .
  2. ^ Lobelia dortmanna at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ A b Lobelia dortmanna in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  4. ↑ CA Backer: Verklarend Woordenboek. Batavia 1936, p. 183. (Dutch)
  5. ↑ Linné 1753: scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  6. ^ Lobelia dortmanna at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on April 12, 2016.

literature

  • Ummo Lübben: On the occurrence of the water lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna L.) in northern Germany. In: Oldenburger Jahrbuch , Volume 109, 2009, pp. 287–298. ISSN  0340-4447

Web links

Commons : Water Lobelia ( Lobelia dortmanna )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files